PLANOS DA COGNIÇÃO E PROCESSOS CULTURAIS

Coelho, Ruy Galvão de Andrada

doi:10.1590/ts.v1i1.83334

Resumos

Este artigo visa apresentar uma visão global da antropologia cognitiva. A exposição põe em foco os planos da cognição e os dinamismos socioculturais que lhes são subjacentes. Propõe-se a divisão que se segue. 1) Plano da representação perceptual, em que se analisam a imagem e o percepto. 2) Plano da linguagem, em que se discute o papel da linguagem na construção do conhecimento, tanto no aspecto estrutural quanto no que diz respeito aos tropos da retórica, como a metáfora, a sinédoque e a metonímia. 3) Plano dos símbolos, dando ênfase às noções de símbolo dominante e key symbol. 4) Plano das práticas, compreendendo a discussão entre outros, de schema, script, ritos, tarefa e planos de vida. 5) Plano das categorias mentais, em que se aborda os critérios de classificação das cores, classificações etnobotânicas e etnozoológicas, assim como das doenças e das emoções. 6) Plano das formas superiores do conhecimento: códigos institucionais, mito, cosmovisão, estruturas lógicas do pensamento. As unidades de análise são tidas por variáveis operacionais; não lhes é atribuído valor existencial. O entrosamento e hierarquia dos planos são objeto de debate.

Antropologia cognitiva: imagem; percepto; linguagem; símbolo; proiticas; categorias mentais; mito; estruturas 1ógicas

This paper aims at presenting a general view of cognitive anthropology. It is focussed on the levels of cognition and sociocultural dynamics underlying them. A division of levels is proposed as follows. 1) Level of perceptual representation, analysing images and percepts. 2) Level of language, discussing the role of language in the construction of knowledge; structural aspects are considered, as well as rethorical tropes such as metaphor, synecdoche and metonimy. 3) Level of symbols, emphasising the notions of dominant symbols and key symbols. 4) Level of practices, comprising discussion of schema, script, rite, task and life plan, among others. 5) Level of mental categories, an approach to the problems of color classification, ethnobotany, ethnozoology, as well as classifications of diseases and emotions. 6) Level of superior forms of knowledge: institutional codes, myths, world views, logical structures of thought. Unities of analysis are used as operational variables; no existential value is attached to them. Articulation and hierarchy of levels are open to discussion.

Cognitive anthropology: image; percept; language; symbol; practices; mental categories; myth; logical structures

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Jan-Jun 1989

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[2] ______. Psychological status of the script concept. American Psychologist, 36: 715-729, 1981.

[3] ABRAHAMS, Roger D. Ordinary and extraordinary experience. In; TURNER, V.W. & BRUNER, E.M. The anthropology of experience. Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1986.

[4] AGAR, Michael. Ripping and running: a formal ethnography of urban heroin addicts. New York, Academic Press, 1973.

[5] ______. Stories background knowledge and themes: problems in the analysis of life history narrative. American Ethnologist, 7 (2): 223-240, 1980.

[6] ______. Talking about doing: lexicon and event. In: CASSON, R.W., ed. Language, culture and cognition: Anthropological Perspectives. New York, Macmillan, 1981. p. 114-119,

[7] ______. Toward an ethnographic language, American Anthropologist, 84: 779-795, 1982.

[8] AGAR, Michael & HOBBS, J.R. Interpreting discourse: coherence and the analysis of ethnographic interviews. Discourse Process, 5: 532ss. 1981.

[9] ______. Natural Plans. Ethos, 11: 33-48. 1983.

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[12] ARDENER, Edwin. Social anthropology, language and reality. In: PARKIN, D., ed. Semantic Anthropology. London, Academic Press, 1982. p, 1- 14 (ASA Monographs, n² 22),

[13] ASAD, Talal. The concept of cultural translation in British social anthropology. In: CLIFFORD, J. & MARCUS, G.E., eds. Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London; University of California Press, 1984. p. 141-164.

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[15] BARTLETT, F.C. Remembering: a study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1932.

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[17] BATESON, G, Naven. London, Cambridge University Press, 1936.

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