MARKETS, REGIONS AND JOURNALISTIC QUALITY: evaluation of the performance of print and digital media in Mexico during an electoral process

ECHEVERRIA, MARTIN; LARROSA-FUENTES, JUAN S.

doi:10.25200/BJR.v20n1.2024.1629

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Brazilian Journalism Research

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DOSSIER • Braz. Journal. Res. 20 (1) • Apr 2024 • https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v20n1.2024.1629 copy

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MARKETS, REGIONS AND JOURNALISTIC QUALITY: evaluation of the performance of print and digital media in Mexico during an electoral process

MERCADOS, REGIÕES E QUALIDADE JORNALÍSTICA: avaliação do desempenho de veículos impressos e digitais no México durante um processo eleitoral

MERCADOS, REGIONES Y CALIDAD PERIODÍSTICA: evaluación del desempeño de medios impresos y digitales en México durante un proceso electoral

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The poor performance of the Mexican press is a frequent concern in the literature. However, this focus is on the capital, Mexico City. Thus, we comparatively measure performance between regions and physical and digital media, based on criteria of bias and mediated deliberation. We analyzed 281 news articles from 117 newspapers in 28 states about the 2021 federal elections. We found that performance is better in robust markets and worse in smaller ones, and it is more homogeneous in print media than in digital media. The latter seems to be independent of market factors, which could indicate clientelist relationships linked to the economic vulnerability of smaller markets.

Palabras clave
Digital journalism; Legacy media; Media performance; Regional press; Clientelism

Quintile of press markets
Actor type	1						2					3				4					5
	Printed		Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital
	N	%	N	%	N	%		N	%	N	%		N	%	N		%	N	%	N		%	N	%
Candidate	1	25%	5	26%	7	58%		22	81%	7	44%		27	68%	6		29%	37	82%	14		36%	41	77%
Party representative or member	0	0%	1	5%	0	0%		1	4%	1	6%		5	13%	1		5%	3	7%	3		8%	7	13%
Senators or deputies	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		2	5%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	0	0%
electoral authority	1	25%	6	32%	1	8%		0	0%	4	25%		3	8%	5		24%	1	2%	6		15%	1	2%
Presidency of the Republic	1	25%	0	0%	2	17%		0	0%	1	6%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	4		10%	1	2%
Government cabinet member	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		2	7%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	1	2%	4		10%	0	0%
local authority	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	2	13%		0	0%	1		5%	0	0%	1		3%	1	2%
Journalists, communicators	0	0%	3	16%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	0		0%	1	2%	0		0%	0	0%
Religious leaders	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	2		5%	0	0%
Businessmen, bankers, investors	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1	6%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	1		3%	0	0%
Academics, specialists, intellectuals	1	25%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	1	2%
Others (less than 5%)	0	0	2	11%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	2	4%	4		10%	1	2%

Quintile of press markets
Political membership⁶ 6 The Mexican party system is made up of a dominant and relatively newly emerging party, MORENA, which occupies the Executive power and has majorities in the chamber of deputies and senators, as well as the three traditional parties of the democratic transition: the Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI (center left), the National Action Party, PAN (right) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution, PRD (left). These have competed since 2021 under an opposition coalition called Va X México. Such parties coexist with other minority and niche parties, such as the Green Party, the Labor Party (communist left), the Citizen Movement (social democrat), the Social Encounter Party (evangelical right) and Progressive Social Networks (left).	1						2					3				4					5
	Printed		Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital
	N	%	N	%	N	%		N	%	N	%		N	%	N		%	N	%	N		%	N	%
Candidate	1	25%	5	26%	7	58%		22	81%	7	44%		27	68%	6		29%	37	82%	14		36%	41	77%
Va x Mexico (PRI, PAN, PRD)	0	0%	1	5%	0	0%		1	4%	1	6%		5	13%	1		5%	3	7%	3		8%	7	13%
Citizen movement	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		2	5%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	0	0%
PRI	0	25%	6	32%	1	8%		0	0%	4	25%		3	8%	5		24%	1	2%	6		15%	1	2%
PAN	0	25%	0	0%	2	17%		0	0%	1	6%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	4		10%	1	2%
MORENA	1	0%	0	0%	0	0%		2	7%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	1	2%	4		10%	0	0%
P.T.	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	2	13%		0	0%	1		5%	0	0%	1		3%	1	2%
Green party	1	0%	3	16%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	0		0%	1	2%	0		0%	0	0%
Fuerza x Mexico	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	2		5%	0	0%
Progressive Social Networks	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1	6%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	1		3%	0	0%
PES	0	25%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	1	2%
Others (equal or less than 5%)	0	0	2	11%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	2	4%	4		10%	1	2%

Quintiles of press markets	1				2				3				4				5
	Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Proposal delivery
Yes	0	0%	2	11%	2	15%	4	15%	1	6%	5	13%	3	13%	10	23%	3	8%	4	8%
No	5	100%	14	74%	6	46%	5	19%	7	44%	16	40%	11	46%	7	16%	21	54%	13	25%
Does not apply	0	0%	3	16%	5	38%	18	67%	8	15%	19	48%	10	42%	27	61%	15	38%	35	67%
Civility
Yes	0	0%	4	21%	1	8%	0	0%	2	13%	0	0%	0	0%	1	2%	4	10%	1	2%
No	5	100%	15	79%	12	92%	27	100%	14	88%	40	100%	24	100%	44	98%	35	90%	52	98%
Dialogism
Yes	1	20%	6	32%	0	0%	0	0%	3	19%	3	8%	1	4%	3	7%	0	0%	3	6%
No	4	80%	13	68%	13	100%	27	100%	13	81%	37	93%	23	96%	42	93%	39	100%	50	94%
Reason-giving
Yes	1	20%	13	68%	5	38%	13	48%	5	31%	23	58%	5	21%	18	40%	12	31%	20	38%
No	3	60%	6	32%	6	46%	12	44%	10	63%	16	40%	15	63%	24	53%	24	62%	28	53%
No source or position	1	20%	0	0%	2	15%	2	7%	1	6%	1	3%	4	17%	3	7%	3	8%	5	9%
Frames
Issue	1	20%	4	21%	6	46%	12	44%	3	19%	20	50%	3	13%	23	51%	9	23%	20	38%
Strategic	2	40%	5	26%	3	23%	8	30%	9	56%	15	38%	11	46%	15	33%	11	28%	22	42%
Does not apply	2	40%	10	53%	4	31%	7	26%	4	25%	5	13%	10	42%	7	16%	19	49%	11	21%
Valence
Positive	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	2	7%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1	2%
Not positive	3	60%	12	63%	10	77%	21	78%	11	69%	37	93%	12	50%	42	93%	25	64%	50	94%
Does not apply	2	40%	7	37%	3	23%	4	15%	5	31%	3	8%	12	50%	3	7%	14	36%	2	4%
Negative	1	20%	3	16%	3	23%	1	4%	4	25%	7	18%	4	17%	6	13%	8	21%	9	17%
Not negative	1	20%	6	32%	7	54%	22	81%	2	13%	26	65%	9	38%	3. 4	76%	14	36%	40	75%
Does not apply	3	60%	10	53%	3	23%	4	15%	10	63%	7	18%	11	46%	5	11%	17	44%	4	8%
Topics	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Economy	0	0%	0	0%	1	8%	1	4%	0	0%	1	3%	1	4%	2	5%	0	0%	0	0%
Public security	2	40%	1	5%	2	15%	1	4%	0	0%	2	5%	3	13%	0	0%	5	13%	0	0%
Citizen participation	0	0%	3	16%	0	0%	0	0%	1	6%	0	0%	1	4%	1	2%	3	8%	0	0%
Public administration	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	4	10%	0	0%	3	7%	1	3%	0	0%
Religion	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%	1	4%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1	3%	0	0%
Media	0	0%	0	0%	1	8%	0	0%	0	0%	1	3%	1	4%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Partisan politics	2	40%	7	37%	2	15%	0	0%	5	31%	6	15%	5	21%	2	5%	11	28%	5	10%
Corruption	1	20%	1	5%	0	0%	1	4%	1	6%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Gender	0	0%	2	11%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	3	8%	0	0%	3	7%	0	0%	3	6%
Electoral campaign and debate	0	0%	3	16%	5	38%	18	67%	8	50%	19	48%	10	42%	26	59%	16	41%	35	67%
AMLO government	0	0%	0	0%	1	8%	1	4%	1	6%	1	3%	1	4%	1	2%	0	0%	6	12%
Others (equal or less than 5%)	0	0%	1	5%	0	0%	4	15%	0	0%	3	8%	2	8%	6	14%	2	5%	3	6%

Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores em Jornalismo (SBPJor) Secretaria da SBPJor, Faculdade de Comunicação, Universidade de Brasília(UnB)., ICC Norte, Subsolo, Sala ASS 633 - cep: 70910-900, Brasília - DF / Brasil - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: sbpjor.dir.adm@gmail.com

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[1] TRANSLATED BY: NICHOLAS JAMES BARRETT