Gamma radiation and pasteurization on anthocyanin stability and antioxidant capacity of jussara pulp (<i>Euterpe edulis</i>) during storage

Rocha, Carolina Tatagiba da; Silva, Evelyn Campos Paiva da; Stringheta, Paulo César; Paula, Daniele de Almeida; Fernandes, Sergio Antônio; Pinto, Marcos Roberto Moacir Ribeiro; Ramos, Afonso Mota

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210912

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FOOD TECHNOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 53 (6) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210912 copy

Gamma radiation and pasteurization on anthocyanin stability and antioxidant capacity of jussara pulp (Euterpe edulis) during storage

Efeito da radiação gama e pasteurização na estabilidade de antocianinas e na capacidade antioxidante da polpa jussara (Euterpe edulis) durante o armazenamento

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The effects of gamma irradiation and pasteurization on the stability of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity during storage of jussara pulp were investigated. Jussara pulp was divided into 6 portions: control (no treatment), irradiated pulp (2, 4, 6, 8 kGy) and pasteurized pulp (92 ºC/ 1 minute). Portions were stored at 4ºC for 60 days. The phenolic extract was prepared with a solution of methanol/water/formic acid. The following analyses were performed every 15 days: contents of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocauteau, cyanidin-3-glycoside and cyanidin-3-rutiniside by HPLC and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH). Total phenolics and anthocyanins decreased with the increasing irradiation dose and storage time. Pasteurization did not affect the phenolic concentration immediately after processing. However, the contents of TPC and cyanidin-3-rutiniside were reduced during storage of the pasteurized pulp. No processed samples presented characteristics similar to the control at the end of storage.

Key words:
irradiation; flavonoids; phenolic compound; pasteurization

Authorship

Carolina Tatagiba da Rocha

Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)BrazilViçosa, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3080-626X

Evelyn Campos Paiva da Silva

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-9791

Paulo César Stringheta

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-7038

Daniele de Almeida Paula ^*E-mail: daniele.paulaufv@gmail.com. *Corresponding author.

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Paraná (IFPR), Campus Assis Chateaubriand, PR, Brasil Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Paraná (IFPR)BrazilCampus Assis Chateaubriand, PR, BrazilInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Paraná (IFPR), Campus Assis Chateaubriand, PR, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-3503

Sergio Antônio Fernandes

Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)BrazilViçosa, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-3316

Marcos Roberto Moacir Ribeiro Pinto

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo (IFES), Campus Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES, Brasil.Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo (IFES)BrazilCampus Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES, BrazilInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo (IFES), Campus Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7971-203X

Afonso Mota Ramos

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-7745

E-mail: daniele.paulaufv@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.

Editors: Rudi Weiblen(0000-0002-1737-9817)

Ivo Oliveira(0000-0002-0866-953X)

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors contributed equally for the conception and writing of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved of the final version.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Response surface plotted to demonstrate the combined effect of the irradiation dose and storage time on total phenolic compounds.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Response surface plotted to demonstrate the combined effect of the irradiation dose and storage time on cy-3-rut.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Response surface plotted to demonstrate the combined effect of the irradiation dose and storage time on cy-3glc.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Biplot between treatments and response variables (TPC, cy-3-glc, cy-3-rut, ABTS and DPPH) ^*TPC (Total phenolic compounds - mg gallic acid/g dry pulp); DPPH (µMol/g dry pulp); ABTS (µMol/g dry basis); cy-3-rut (cyanidin-3-rutinoside - mg cy-3-rut/100g dry basis); cy-3-glc (cyanidin-3-glucoside - mg cy-3-glc/100g dry basis).

Thumbnail

Table 1-Physico-chemical
composition of the jussara pulp at the begnning of the experiment.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Adjusted equations and calculated statistical parameters for chemical analyses of the irradiated and pasteurized pulp.

Thumbnail

Table 3
Mean values obtained in the analyses of total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity for the untreated, irradiated and pasteurized pulp.

Figure 1 Response surface plotted to demonstrate the combined effect of the irradiation dose and storage time on total phenolic compounds.

Figure 2 Response surface plotted to demonstrate the combined effect of the irradiation dose and storage time on cy-3-rut.

Figure 3 Response surface plotted to demonstrate the combined effect of the irradiation dose and storage time on cy-3glc.

Figure 4 Biplot between treatments and response variables (TPC, cy-3-glc, cy-3-rut, ABTS and DPPH) ^*TPC (Total phenolic compounds - mg gallic acid/g dry pulp); DPPH (µMol/g dry pulp); ABTS (µMol/g dry basis); cy-3-rut (cyanidin-3-rutinoside - mg cy-3-rut/100g dry basis); cy-3-glc (cyanidin-3-glucoside - mg cy-3-glc/100g dry basis).

Table 1-Physico-chemical composition of the jussara pulp at the begnning of the experiment.

Parameter	Result	Literature	Source
pH	4.7	4.0 a 6.2	BRASIL (2000)
Soluble solids¹	2.8	2.01	SILVA et al. (2013SILVA, P. P. M. et al. Physical , Chemical , and Lipid Composition of Juçara (Euterpe edulis MART.) pulp. Brazilian Journal of Food & Nutrition, v.24, p.7-13, 2013. Available from: <Available from: http://serv-bib.fcfar.unesp.br/seer/index.php/alimentos/article/viewFile/7/2313 >. Accessed: Feb. 17, 2018. http://serv-bib.fcfar.unesp.br/seer/inde... )
Acidity²	3.0	1.67	PAIM et al. (2016PAIM, D. R. S. F., et al. Microencapsulation of probiotic jussara (Euterpe edulis M .) juice by spray drying. LWT - Food Science and Technology , v.74, p.21-25, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002364381630425X >. Accessed: Mar. 07, 2018.doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.022. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... )
Moisture (%)	88.8	93.8	PAIM et al.(2016PAIM, D. R. S. F., et al. Microencapsulation of probiotic jussara (Euterpe edulis M .) juice by spray drying. LWT - Food Science and Technology , v.74, p.21-25, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002364381630425X >. Accessed: Mar. 07, 2018.doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.022. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... )

¹ºBrix; ²% Citric acid.

Table 2 Adjusted equations and calculated statistical parameters for chemical analyses of the irradiated and pasteurized pulp.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------Irradiation-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable	Adjusted equations	R²	FAj
TPC	Y = 55.681 - 0.0726x₁ - 0.1594x₂	91.95%	0.977^ns
cy-3-rut	Y = 805.0 - 4.433x₁ - 16.23x₂	97.92%	0.997^ns
c-3-glc	Y = 172.97 - 1.2933x₁ - 3.083x₂	98.97%	0.999^ns
ABTS	Y = 503.6 - 1.125x₁	78,24%	0.992^ns
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Pasteurization--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable	Adjusted equations	R²	FAj
TPC	Y = 53.25 - 0.0869x₁	82.24%	0.611^ns
cy-3-rut	Y = 739.1 - 2.89x₁	84.62%	0.864^ns

x₁, time; x₂, dose; R², determination coefficient; FAj, Lack of adjustment; TPC, Total Phenolic Compounds; cy-3-rut, cyanidin-3-rutinoside; cy-3-glc, cyanidin-3-glucoside; ^ns, Not significant (P > 0,05).

Table 3 Mean values obtained in the analyses of total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity for the untreated, irradiated and pasteurized pulp.

Parameters	Time (Days)	--------------------------------------Dose (kGy)--------------------------------------				Pasteurization
		0	2	4	6	8
TPC	0	54.30	55.03	54.31	54.99	54.95	52.61
	15	54.81	54.67	53.50	54.09	53.78	51.97
	30	55.04	53.41	51.72	53.19	53.17	51.32
	45	52.10	51.79	52.04	51.00	50.87	50.49
	60	52.98	50.83	49.17	50.31	49.58	46.83
cy-3-rut	0	781.44	747.44	728.88	709.52	684.58	706.04
	15	772.91	698.74	692.11	615.54	613.64	742.84
	30	707.15	641.23	603.60	557.95	622.47	646.92
	45	607.80	571.77	541.74	495.01	466.89	607.87
	60	566.58	472.16	451.83	426.96	426.68	556.87
cy-3-glc	0	167.33	165.17	162.23	156.55	150.58	136.20
	15	159.70	147.19	145.21	125.86	127.74	140.06
	30	143.51	128.48	122.49	111.06	117.11	128.34
	45	110.65	104.30	104.50	90.35	86.72	115.73
	60	99.46	82.28	82.02	78.24	79.57	115.44
DPPH	0	204.37	199.77	194.36	196.68	196.41	190.13
	15	249.94	245.22	242.06	245.20	246.20	238.93
	30	231.19	223.29	215.07	216.76	224.21	217.71
	45	219.59	215.80	208.01	219.24	205.87	208.43
	60	234.81	217.22	222.62	223.18	224.32	212.03
ABTS	0	514.12	512.26	495.34	509.62	501.86	466.89
	15	527.81	480.56	444.73	453.48	446.52	450.61
	30	514.86	496.17	490.02	487.15	449.34	470.84
	45	474.06	460.29	463.08	439.73	454.00	453.68
	60	458.58	396.17	427.92	443.16	411.53	413.77

^*TPC (Total phenolic compounds - mg gallic acid/g dry basis); DPPH (µMol/g dry basis); ABTS (µMol/g dry basis); cy-3-rut (cyanidin-3-rutinoside - mg cy-3-rut /100g dry basis); cy-3-glc (cyanidin-3-glucoside - mg cy-3-glc /100g dry basis).

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Gamma radiation and pasteurization on anthocyanin stability and antioxidant capacity of jussara pulp (<i>Euterpe edulis</i>) during storage

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[1] E-mail: daniele.paulaufv@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.