Cyberbullying among Brazilian schoolchildren: data from the National Student Health Survey, 2019

Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Souza, Juliana Bottoni de; Vasconcelos, Nadia Machado de; Mello, Flávia Carvalho Malta de; Buback, Júlia Bicas; Gomes, Crizian Saar; Pereira, Cimar Azeredo

doi:10.1590/1413-81232024299.19572023EN

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THEMATIC ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 29 (09) • Sept 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024299.19572023EN copy

Cyberbullying among Brazilian schoolchildren: data from the National Student Health Survey, 2019

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Abstract

This cross-sectional study assessed data from Brazil’s 2019 National Student Health Survey to investigate associations between cyberbullying and sociodemographic, family, mental health, and behavioural factors among Brazilian schoolchildren. Multivariate analysis by Poisson regression found 13.2% prevalence of cyberbullying, which was higher among adolescents who felt nobody cared about them (PR=1.47; 1.36-1.59); felt sad (PR=1.5; 1.4-1.7); reported that life was not worth living (PR=1.71; 1.59-1.84); had no friends (PR=1.68; 1.50-1.87); suffered parental aggression (PR=1.54; 1.45-1.65); missed classes without permission (PR=1.13; 1.06-1.20); used tobacco (PR=1.19; 1.10-1.30); alcoholic beverages (PR=1.16; 1.08-1.25); or illicit drugs (PR=1.14; 1.04-1.25); or had sexual intercourse (PR=1.23; 1.14-1.33). Prevalence was lower among boys (PR=0.85; 0.80-0.91); those 16-17 years old (PR=0.88; 0.82-0.95); and who reported having parental supervision in their free time (PR=0.78; 0.73-0.83). Cyberbullying has a high prevalence, highlighting the importance of monitoring this practice and establishing prevention measures in schools.

Key words:
Cyberbullying; Adolescent; Violence; Epidemiologic studies; Mental health

Variable		Cyberbullying						p
		%	CI(95%)		cPR	CI(95%)
		%	Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Total		13.2	12.8	13.7
Sociodemographic
Sex
	Male	10.2	9.6	10.8	0.6	0.6	0.7	<0.001
	Female	16.2	15.6	16.8	1.0
Age
	13 to 15 years	13.2	12.6	13.8	1.0
	16 to 17 years	13.3	12.7	14	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.916
Race
	White	13.5	12.9	14.2	1.0
	Black	13.1	12	14.2	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.492
	Yellow	14.1	12.3	16.1	1.1	0.9	1.2	0.555
	Brown	13	12.4	13.6	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.131
	Indigenous	13.4	11.6	15.5	1.0	0.8	1.2	0.9
Type of school
	Public	13.5	13	14	1.0
	Private	11.8	11.3	12.2	0.9	0.8	0.9	<0.001
Mother’s schooling
	None	16.2	14.2	18.4	1.0
	Primary (incomplete/complete)	14.7	13.7	15.7	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.177
	Secondary (incomplete/complete)	13	12.1	13.9	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.002
	Higher (incomplete/complete)	13	12.3	13.8	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.003
Relations with parents and relatives
Parental violence/aggression
	No	10.7	10.3	11.2	1.0
	Yes	22.6	21.6	23.7	2.1	2.0	2.2	<0.001
Familiar supervision
	No	18.1	17.3	18.9	1.0
	Yes	11.2	10.7	11.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	<0.001
Lives with mother and/or father
	No	15.4	13.9	17.1	1.0
	Yes	13.1	12.6	13.5	0.8	0.7	0.9	<0.001
Missing classes without permission
	No	12	11.6	12.5	1.0
	Yes	18.4	17.3	19.4	1.5	1.4	1.6	<0.001
Mental health
Feels that no one cares
	No	7	6.6	7.6	1.0
	Yes	18.6	18	19.2	2.6	2.8	3.3	<0.001
Feels sad
	No	6.2	5.7	6.9	1.0
	Yes	17	16.5	17.6	2.7	2.5	3.0	<0.001
Close friends
	1 ou mais	12.7	12.3	13.2	1.0
	Nenhum	26.1	23.8	28.6	2.1	1.9	2.3	<0.001
Feels life is not worth living
	No	7.7	7.3	8.2	1.0
	Yes	22.3	21.5	23.2	2.9	2.7	3.1	<0.001
Lifestyle
Uses alcoholic beverages
	No	11	10.5	11.4	1.0
	Yes	19.1	18.1	20.1	1.7	1.6	1.9	<0.001
Uses drugs
	No	12.5	12.1	13	1.0
	Yes	26.4	23.9	29.1	2.1	1.9	2.3	<0.001
Smokes
	No	12.4	12	12.8	1.0
	Yes	24.8	22.4	27.4	2.0	1.8	2.2	<0.001
Uses tobacco
	No	11.7	11.2	12.1	1.0
	Yes	22.4	20.9	24.1	1.9	1.8	2.1	<0.001
Has sexual intercourses
	No	11.1	10.6	11.7	1.0
	Yes	17.1	16.2	18	1.5	1.4	1.7	<0.001

Variable		PR*	CI(95%)		p
Variable		PR*	Lower	Upper
Sociodemographic
Age
	13 to 15 years	1.00
	16 to 17 years	0.88	0.82	0.95	0.001
Sex
	Male	0.85	0.80	0.91	<0.001
	Female	1.00
Relations with parents and relatives
Parental violence/aggression
	No	1.00
	Yes	1.54	1.45	1.65	<0.001
Familiar supervision
	No	1.00
	Yes	0.78	0.73	0.83	<0.001
Missing classes without permission
	No	1.00
	Yes	1.13	1.06	1.20	<0.001
Mental health
Feels no one cares
	No	1.00
	Yes	1.47	1.36	1.59	<0.001
Feels sad
	No	1.00
	Yes	1.53	1.38	1.68	<0.001
Close friends
	1 or more	1.00
	None	1.68	1.50	1.87	<0.001
Feels life is not worth living
	No	1.00
	Yes	1.71	1.59	1.84	<0.001
Lifestyle
Uses alcoholic beverages
	No	1.00
	Yes	1.16	1.08	1.25	<0.001
Uses drugs
	No	1.00
	Yes	1.14	1.04	1.25	0.002
Uses tobacco
	No	1.00
	Yes	1.19	1.10	1.30	<0.001
Has sexual intercourse
	No	1.00
	Yes	1.23	1.14	1.33	<0.001

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[1] Chief editors:

Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo, Romeu Gomes, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva