Types of workplace violence in nursing in the Family Health Strategy

Busnello, Grasiele Fatima; Trindade, Letícia de Lima; Pai, Daiane Dal; Beck, Carmem Lúcia Colomé; Ribeiro, Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2020-0427

Brasil

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna. Nery 25 (4) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2020-0427 linkcopy

Types of workplace violence in nursing in the Family Health Strategy

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective to analyze the occurrence of different types of violence in the work of Nursing in the Family Health Strategy and the implications of the labor and worker aspects.

Method a mixed, explanatory, sequential study, with 169 nursing workers of the Family Health Strategy. As instruments of data collection, the Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector and the semi-structured interview were used.

Results episodes of verbal aggression with better averages were found in the assessment of recognition and relationships at work and the highest use of medication. Workplace bullying was associated with the participants' white skin color, the position of nurse, more negative evaluations about work recognition and interpersonal relationships, and a greater concern with violence. Sexual harassment was associated with the position of nursing technician/auxiliary and the lack of encouragement to report violence. Racial discrimination was associated with brown/black skin color and reduced job satisfaction.

Conclusion and implications for practice the analysis of the factors that are associated with specific types of violence makes it possible to better determine institutional measures and policies that minimize violent acts against nursing workers.

Keywords: Violence at Work; Nursing; Worker Health; Family Health Strategy; Primary Health Care

PHYSICAL AGGRESSION
Variables	Experienced Violence	Did Not Experience Violence		p-value ^* * p-value obtained by means of Pearson's chi-square test. Source: own elaboration.
Skin color	n(%)	n(%)		0.625
Black/Brown	0 (0.0%)	15 (100.0%)
White	5 (3.2%)	149 (96.8%)
Use of medication	n (%)	n (%)		0.157
Yes	4 (4.7%)	81 (95.3%)
No	1 (1.2%)	83 (98.8%)
Function				0.057
Nurse	2 (4.3%)	45 (95.7%)
Nursing Technician/Assistant	3 (2.4%)	119 (97.5%)
Stimulus for reporting violence				0.143
Yes	2 (7.7%)	24 (92.3%)
No	3 (2.1%)	140 (97.9%)
VERBAL AGGRESSION
Variables	Experienced Violence	Did Not Experience Violence	p-value*
Skin color	n(%)	n(%)	0.202
Black/Brown	13 (86.6%)	2 (13.3%)
White	115 (74.7%)	39 (25.3%)
Use of medication			0.037
Yes	69 (81.2%)	16 (18.8%)
No	59 (70.2%)	25 (29.8%)
Function			0.075
Nurse	36 (76.6%)	11 (23.4%)
Nursing Technician/Auxiliary	92 (75.4%)	30 (24.5%)
Stimulus for reporting violence			0.110
Yes	22 (84.6%)	4 (15.4%)
No	106 (74.1%)	37 (25.9%)
WORKPLACE BULLYING/INTIMIDATION
Variables	Experienced Violence	Did Not Experience Violence		p-value*
Skin color				0.047
Black/Brown	3 (20.0%)	12 (80.0%)
White	63 (40.9%)	91 (59.1%)
Use of medication				0.117
Yes	32 (37.6%)	53 (62.4%)
No	34 (40.5%)	50 (59.5%)
Function				0.010
Nurse	26 (55.3%)	21 (44.7%)
Nursing Technician/Assistant	40 (32.7%)	82 (67.2%)
Stimulus for reporting violence				0.080
Yes	13 (50.0%)	13 (50.0%)
No	53 (37.1%)	90 (62.9%)
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
Variables	Experienced Violence	Did Not Experience Violence		p-value*
Skin color	n(%)	n(%)		0,129
Black/Brown	3 (20,0%)	12 (80,0%)
White	12 (7,8%)	142 (92,2%)
Use of medication				0,206
Yes	8 (9,4%)	77 (90,6%)
No	7 (8,3%)	77 (91,7%)
Function				0,047
Nurse	2 (4,3%)	45 (95,7%)
Nursing Technician/Assistant	13 (10,6%)	109 (89,3%)
Stimulus for reporting violence				0,044
Yes	5 (19,2%)	21 (80,8%)
No	10 (7,0%)	133 (93,0%)
DISCRIMINAÇÃO RACIAL
Variáveis	Sofreu Violência	Não Sofreu Violência		p-value*
Skin color	n(%)	n(%)		0.001
Black/Brown	4 (26.5%)	11 (73.3%)
White	3 (1.9%)	151 (98.1%)
Use of medication				0.166
Yes	5 (5.9%)	80 (94.1%)
No	2 (2.4%)	82 (97.6%)
Function				0.180
Nurse	1 (2.1%)	46 (97.9%)
Nursing Technician/Assistant	6 (4.9%)	116 (95.0%)
Stimulus for reporting violence				0.303
Yes	0 (0.0%)	26 (100.0%)
No	7 (4.9%)	136 (95.1%)

PHYSICAL AGGRESSION		Mean	Standard Deviation	p-value ^* * p-value were obtained using the Mann-Whitney test, a test that compares the difference in medians due to the asymmetry of the variables. However, to facilitate the interpretation of the findings, we chose to present the means and standard deviation. Source: own elaboration.
Education	Experienced violence	15.5	3.122	0.780
Education	Did not experience	15.3	2.836
Years of professional experience	Experienced violence	9.1	5.103	0.076
Years of professional experience	Did not experience	15.3	8.630
Time of service	Experienced violence	5.4	3.460	0.495
Time of service	Did not experience	8.1	6.823
How many professionals work together	Experienced violence	10.0	11.597	0.230
How many professionals work together	Did not experience	6.1	9.241
Satisfaction place of work	Experienced violence	4.8	0.447	0.151
Satisfaction place of work	Did not experience	4.3	0.699
Recognition at work	Experienced violence	4.4	0.547	0.177
Recognition at work	Did not experience	3.8	0.939
Relationships at work	Experienced violence	4.2	0.447	0.357
Relationships at work	Did not experience	4.3	0.632
Concern with violence	Experienced violence	4.2	0.836	0.765
Concern with violence	Did not experience	3.9	1.120
VERBAL AGGRESSION		Mean	Standard Deviation	p-value*
Education	Experienced violence	15.4	2.695	0.376
Education	Did not experience	14.9	3.237
Years of professional experience	Experienced violence	14.4	7.789	0.234
Years of professional experience	Did not experience	17.3	10.567
Time of service	Experienced violence	7.8	6.802	0.502
Time of service	Did not experience	8.6	6.668
How many professionals work together	Experienced violence	5.8	8.777	0.056
How many professionals work together	Did not experience	7.4	10.807
Satisfaction place of work	Experienced violence	4.3	0.698	0.058
Satisfaction place of work	Did not experience	4.3	0.674
Recognition at work	Experienced violence	3.7	0.955	0.010
Recognition at work	Did not experience	4.1	0.781
Relationships at work	Experienced violence	4.3	0.641	0.022
Relationships at work	Did not experience	4.5	0.540
Concern with violence	Experienced violence	4.0	1.005	0.098
Concern with violence	Did not experience	3.6	1.355
WORKPLACE BULLYING/INTIMIDATION		Mean	Standard Deviation	p-value*
Education	Experienced violence	15.6	3.073	0.151
Education	Did not experience	15.1	2.666
Years of professional experience	Experienced violence	14.1	8.589	0.151
Years of professional experience	Did not experience	15.8	8.594
Time of service	Experienced violence	7.1	5.605	0.393
Time of service	Did not experience	8.6	7.368
How many professionals work together	Experienced violence	6.7	9.648	0.776
How many professionals work together	Did not experience	5.9	9.104
Satisfaction place of work	Experienced violence	4.2	0.729	0.088
Satisfaction place of work	Did not experience	4.4	0.667
Recognition at work	Experienced violence	3.6	1.021	0.013
Recognition at work	Did not experience	4.0	0.839
Relationships at work	Experienced violence	4.2	0.651	0.007
Relationships at work	Did not experience	4.4	0.592
Concern with violence	Experienced violence	4.2	1.023	0.004
Concern with violence	Did not experience	3.7	1.134
SEXUAL HARASSMENT		Mean	Standard Deviation	p-value*
Education	Experienced violence	14.6	2.065	0.183
Education	Did not experience	15.4	2.894
Years of professional experience	Experienced violence	13.2	7.816	0.325
Years of professional experience	Did not experience	15.3	8.676
Time of service	Experienced violence	6.9	5.463	0.619
Time of service	Did not experience	8.1	6.876
How many professionals work together	Experienced violence	3.4	3.720	0.243
How many professionals work together	Did not experience	6.5	9.638
Satisfaction place of work	Experienced violence	4.2	0.703	0.482
Satisfaction place of work	Did not experience	4.3	0.697
Recognition at work	Experienced violence	3.8	1.014	0.852
Recognition at work	Did not experience	3.8	0.929
Relationships at work	Experienced violence	4.3	0.617	0.649
Relationships at work	Did not experience	4.3	0.630
Concern with violence	Experienced violence	4.4	0.828	0.113
Concern with violence	Did not experience	3.9	1.129
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION		Mean	Standard Deviation	p-value*
Education	Experienced violence	14.5	1.766	0.312
Education	Did not experience	15.4	2.871
Years of professional experience	Experienced violence	14.2	9.282	0.797
Years of professional experience	Did not experience	15.2	8.601
Time of service	Experienced violence	4.9	4.686	0.264
Time of service	Did not experience	8.2	6.812
How many professionals work together	Experienced violence	3.5	2.878	0.812
How many professionals work together	Did not experience	6.3	9.467
Satisfaction place of work	Experienced violence	4.8	0.378	0.049
Satisfaction place of work	Did not experience	4.3	0.700
Recognition at work	Experienced violence	3.0	1.397	0.369
Recognition at work	Did not experience	3.8	0.910
Relationships at work	Experienced violence	4.5	0.534	0.471
Relationships at work	Did not experience	4.3	1.127
Concern with violence	Experienced violence	14.5	0.534	0.345
Concern with violence	Did not experience	15.4	1.127

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[TFN100] ^*
p-value obtained by means of Pearson's chi-square test. Source: own elaboration.