Genotyping and phenotyping of grape tomato hybrids aiming at possible genitors for breeding program

Eisele, Tauana G; Constantino, Leonel Vinicius; Giacomin, Renata M; Zeffa, Douglas M; Suzuki, Carlos HJ; Gonçalves, Leandro SA

doi:10.1590/s0102-0536-20220401

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Rsearch • Hortic. Bras. 40 (4) • Oct-Dec 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220401 copy

Genotyping and phenotyping of grape tomato hybrids aiming at possible genitors for breeding program

Genotipagem e fenotipagem de híbridos de tomate grape visando possíveis genitores para programas de melhoramento

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Grape and cherry mini tomatoes have been conquering Brazilian consumers due to their sweet taste, practicality of consumption, and versatility in culinary use. Therefore, the present work aimed to characterize ten grape tomato hybrids based on genetic diversity and physical and biochemical traits to provide information for the development of new genotypes focused on the appearance and enrichment of nutritional factors. The evaluated hybrids were Aiko, BRSIG, BRS Zamir, Carolina, Dolcetto, Dulce, Guaraci, Santa West, SCI-023 and Sweet Heaven. The experiment was conducted in 2019 in a greenhouse at the State University of Londrina, using a completely randomized design with four replications and six plants in each replication. The plants were grown following the practices recommended for cultivating tomatoes. The physical and biochemical characterization data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test (p<0.05) and Scott & Knott means cluster test (p<0.05), and the molecular characterization data were subjected to analysis of principal coordinates (PCoA) and Bayesian clustering. Aiko presented the highest fruit mass and size as opposed to that observed on SCI-023, while BRSIG was the firmest fruit with the largest pericarp thickness. SCI-023, Dolcetto, and Sweet Heaven had higher sugar content. The soluble solids content ranged from 6.04 to 9.66 °Brix among the genotypes. Hybrids SCI-023, BRSIG, Sweet Heaven, BRS Zamir, and Dulce had the highest antioxidant activity levels. In the phenotypic characterization two groups were formed. The genotypic characterization showed seven groups in which high genetic similarity was verified among BRS Zamir, SCI-023, and Guaraci, as well as between Carolina and Dulce. The greatest dissimilarity was observed between Sweet Heaven and BRSIG. Both characterizations were useful to evaluate the aptitude of these genotypes as outstanding genitors for breeding programs for the Brazilian market.

Keywords:
Solanum lycopersicum; horticulture; post-harvest; genetic diversity; functional food; mini vegetable

Genotypes	Traits^1/
Genotypes	Mass	Length	Diam	PT	FV	VLG	Compression	Puncture
Carolina	13.39 b	31.26 d	27.22 b	3.84 b	14 b	3.6 c	18.41 d	0.97 c
Dulce	15.31 b	35.86 c	27.02 b	3.48 b	14.5 b	4.6 b	17.07 e	0.95 c
BRS Zamir	14.49 b	35.12 c	26.64 b	4.06 b	13.5 b	4.0 b	19.52 d	0.62 d
Guaraci	15.36 b	32.9 d	28.26 b	4.06 b	15 b	3.6 c	16.40 e	1.10 b
BRSIG	12.41 b	35.66 c	24.8 c	5.6 a	13 b	0.16 e	28.66 a	1.35 a
Sweet Heaven	17.49 b	39.14 b	26.92 b	4.18 b	17.5 b	3.0 c	28.54 a	1.19 b
Santa West	13.37 b	33.64 d	24.9 c	3.76 b	12.5 b	2.6 d	23.67 c	1.41 a
Aiko	27.55 a	42.5 a	32.6 a	4.14 b	27 a	6.5 a	17.02 e	1.19 b
Dolcetto	16.04 b	32.78 d	28.4 b	3.92 b	15.5 b	4.4 b	14.94 f	1.02 c
SCI-023	7.36 c	27.62 e	20.9 d	3.96 b	7.0 c	0.54 e	25.46 b	0.92 c
CV (%)	14.40	5.13	17.1	13.49	17.1	26.13	4.23	6.82

Genotypes	Luminosity	Hue	Chroma
Carolina	33.84 a	42.40 b	22.02 a
Dulce	32.20 b	52.58 a	18.88 b
BRS Zamir	32.34 b	42.72 b	23.46 a
Guaraci	32.54 b	47.90 b	21.12 a
BRSIG	31.90 b	43.14 b	24.00 a
Sweet Heaven	31.72 b	45.08 b	23.00 a
Santa West	33.36 a	48.10 b	21.10 b
Aiko	32.72 b	46.52 b	21.76 a
Dolcetto	32.38 b	49.22 a	19.82 b
SCI-023	31.42 b	44.54 b	22.32 a
CV (%)	2.67	9.15	7.27

Genotypes	Traits^1/
Genotypes	SS	TA	Glucose	Fructose	TS	Ratio	TPC	TFC	VitC	Lycopene	DPPH
Carolina	6.04 c	0.29 a	0.68 f	0.53 e	1.22 e	4.20 e	20.02 c	14.95 b	12.69 e	76.09 b	45.86 b
Dulce	9.34 a	0.32 a	1.12 c	1.18 c	2.23 c	7.17 c	25.57 b	62.45 a	30.64 b	79.13 b	91.19 a
BRS Zamir	9.42 a	0.27 b	0.77 f	0.63 e	1.39 e	5.15 d	33.95 a	32.23 b	33.94 a	107.83 a	56.90 b
Guaraci	8.84 b	0.35 a	0.99 d	0.89 d	1.89 d	5.39 d	30.42 b	12.91 b	30.76 b	48.59 c	56.58 b
BRSIG	8.02 b	0.24 b	0.70 f	0.59 e	1.30 e	5.40 d	18.30 c	54.27 a	29.51 b	74.64 b	91.56 a
Sweet Heaven	9.66 a	0.33 a	1.39 b	1.47 b	2.85 b	8.65 b	25.82 b	60.64 a	26.10 c	46.72 c	90.92 a
Santa West	9.16 a	0.21 b	0.86 e	0.62 e	1.48 e	7.03 c	38.63 a	27.91 b	25.08 c	10.14 d	56.85 b
Aiko	7.86 b	0.26 b	0.520 g	0.36 f	0.88 f	3.37 e	30.48 b	25.41 b	24.51 c	11.74 d	54.83 b
Dolcetto	9.08 a	0.20 b	0.77 f	0.92 d	1.68 d	8.40 b	31.01 b	34.27 b	17.35 d	86.52 b	54.19 b
SCI-023	9.24 a	0.23 b	1.51 a	1.63 a	3.14 a	13.67 a	15.78 c	66.55 a	34.28 a	73.77 b	90.50 a
CV (%)	7.38	18.09	5.37	5.99	5.60	10.75	16.13	30.66	7.33	16.38	12.13

Associação Brasileira de Horticultura Embrapa Hortaliças, C. Postal 218, 70275-970 Brasília-DF, Tel. (61) 3385 9099, Tel. (81) 3320 6064, www.abhorticultura.com.br - Vitoria da Conquista - BA - Brazil
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[TFN1] ^1/Means followed by the same letter in the same column do not differ by the Scott & Knott (1974) test (p<0.05); Mass (g); Length (mm); Diameter (mm); PT= pericarp thickness (mm); FV= fruit volume (cm³); VLG= volume of locular gel (cm³); Compressive strength (N) and Puncture resistance (N).