Long pepper (Piper hispidinervum C. DC.) is a small tree with high commercial value found in areas under anthropic influence in the State of Acre, Brazil. The genetic structure and mating system of P. hispidinervum were evaluated using RAPD markers. The genetic diversity within and between natural populations were evaluated in 13 populations in the Basin Acre River - Western Brazilian Amazon. Twenty five open-pollinating families in a population located in Assis Brasil were evaluated to estimate the preferential crossing rate. Genetic diversity was observed, revealing that this species is spatially structured according to a pattern of isolation by distance. Most of the genetic variability was found within populations, and the variation between populations was also high (qP = 0.28). Two distinct groups were formed, based on genetic distances (fST), representing the Upper Acre and Lower Acre watersheds. By AMOVA, 20.61% of the total variability occurs between those two watershed regions. The multilocus crossing rate was estimated at 1.033, the estimate of the inbreeding coefficient (F) did not vary from zero, and the crosses preferentially occurred between unrelated individuals.
pepper; RAPD; genetic variation; crossbreeding
