Acessibilidade / Reportar erro
ARTICLE • Pap. Avulsos Zool. 63 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2023.63.040   copy

Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO) is an integral protection conservation unit inserted in the domain of the Atlantic forest. This Park was investigated monthly from September to December/2021 and from March to May/2022 for insect galls. Host plants were identified and their exsiccates were deposited in the herbarium (R) of the Museu Nacional. Insects obtained by gall dissection and rearing were deposited in the Entomological Collection of Museu Nacional (MNRJ). The conservational status of the host plants and their origin were verified in the site Flora e Funga do Brasil (2023Flora e Funga do Brasil (REFLORA). 2023. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available: Available: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br . Access: 25/04/2023.
http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br... ). New records of host plants in Brazil are presented based on comparison with literature data. PARNASO hosts a great richness of galls (290 gall morphotypes on 43 plant families). Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae, Mikania Willd. (Asteraceae), Miconia Ruiz & Pav. (Melastomataceae), and Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae), and Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae) were the botanical taxa with the highest number of gall morphotypes, all of them were previously indicated as super hosts in inventories in forest formations of the Atlantic forest, except Rubiaceae. PARNASO includes 148 gall-inducing species native to Brazil, being 69 endemic; among the last 23 are exclusive to the Atlantic forest. Eight gall-inducing species are endangered and four are near threathned. Most galls were found on leaves. The most frequent gall characters were: globoid shape, green color, and glabrous surface. Most galls were induced by Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), however galls of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera wera also found. These are the known patterns in Brazil. The secondary fauna was reported in 62 gall morphotypes and included parasitoids (Hymenoptera), successors (Collembola, Hemiptera and Thysanoptera), cecidophagous (Lepidoptera), and predators (spiders). Parasitoids were the most frequent. Seven gall midge species are recorded for the first time in this Park.

Keywords
Atlantic forest; Insect-plant interaction; Endemism; Gall richness; Secondary fauna

INTRODUCTION

Several inventories of insect galls have been developed in the Brazilian Atlantic forest in the last three decades. The first systematic inventories were carried out in restinga areas of the state of Rio de Janeiro by Monteiro et al. (1994Monteiro, R.F.; Ferraz, F.F.F.; Maia, V.C. & Azevedo, M.A.P. 1994. Galhas entomógenas em restingas: uma abordagem preliminar. Anais da Academia de Ciências do Estado de São Paulo, 3(87): 210-220.), Maia (2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and Oliveira & Maia (2005Oliveira, J.C. & Maia, V.C. 2005. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas de insetos na restinga de Grumari (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 63(4): 669-675.). Later, other restingas (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Bregonci et al., 2010Bregonci, J.M.; Polycarpo, P.V. & Maia, V.C. 2010. Galhas de insetos do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha (Guarapari, ES, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 10(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100023.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Arriola et al., 2015Arriola, Í.A.; Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. & Isaias, R.M.S. 2015. Questioning the environmental stress hypothesis for gall diversity of restinga vegetation on dunes. Revista de Biología Tropical, 63(4): 959-970. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i4.17866.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15517... ; and Carvalho-Fernandes et al., 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , for example) and forest formations (Fernandes et al., 2009Fernandes, S.P.C.; Castelo-Branco, B.P.; Albuquerque, F.A.; Ferreira, A.L.N.; Brito-Ramos, A.B.; Braga, D.V.V. & Almeida-Cortez, J. 2009. Galhas entomógenas em um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica no centro de endemismo de Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Biociências , 7(3): 240-244.; Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.; Santos & Ribeiro, 2015Santos, P.O. & Ribeiro, J.E.L.S. 2015. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em Telêmaco Borba, Paraná, Brasil. Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 36(2): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2015v36n2p15.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5433/... ; Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; and others) were investigated. However, these inventories only cover a small part of the entire Atlantic forest, so that the richness of this phytogeographic domains is still little known.

The Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO) is an integral protection conservation unit inserted in the domain of the Atlantic forest, one of the most critical biomes for the conservation of global biodiversity. This Park was created in 1939 to protect the biodiversity of Serra do Mar in Rio de Janeiro State. With about 20,000 hectares, it covers four municipalities: Teresópolis, Petrópolis, Magé, and Guapimirim (ICMBio, 2023Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2023. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos. Available: Available: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/parnaserradosorgaos . Access: 25/04/2023.
http://www.icmbio.gov.br/parnaserradosor... ). PARNASO has a rich flora, with more than 2,800 plant species, many exclusive to the Atlantic forest, distributed in four physiognomies, according to altitude: submontane forest (up to 500 m), montane forest (between 500 and 1,500 m), upper montane forest (above 1,500 m) and altitude fields (above 2,000 m). This Park has a large volume of rainfall (3,600 mm per year), one of the determining factors for the richness and perennial exuberance of its vegetation (ICMBio, 2023Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2023. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos. Available: Available: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/parnaserradosorgaos . Access: 25/04/2023.
http://www.icmbio.gov.br/parnaserradosor... ).

Regarding the fauna, around 750 vertebrate species have been identified in the Park. Nevertheless, data on the entomofauna is still scarce, with only about 120 recorded species of Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Odonata, and Orthoptera (ICMBio, 2023Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2023. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos. Available: Available: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/parnaserradosorgaos . Access: 25/04/2023.
http://www.icmbio.gov.br/parnaserradosor... ). Until now, the Park lacks a systematic survey of insect galls.

The main goal of this research is to inventory the insect galls of PARNASO and evaluate their richness, thus contributing to the knowlegde of the richness and distribution of gall-inducing insects and their host plants in the Atlantic forest.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The PARNASO was investigated monthly by the authors from September to December/2021 (in late winter and spring) and from March to May/2022 (in fall). Each campaign lasted four days, performing 32 hours of field work. All campaigns together totaled 28 days with 224 hours of field work. The number of personnel was standardized for each collection: two researchers, VCM and BM. We surveyed 11 trails in Guapimirim (Figs. 1A-G, 2A-D) and 13 trails in Teresópolis (Figs. 3A-G, 4A-F) in different months, and their geographic coordinates were obtained using GPS (Table 1).

Figure 1
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil), trails in Guapimirim: (A) Alameda Von Spix, (B) Araçari camping, (C) Caninana Trail, (D) Circular Trail, (E) Mãe d’Água Trail, (F) Museu Von Martius, (G) Poço da Capela.

Figure 2
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil), trails in Guapimirim: (A) Poço da Preguiça, (B) Poço Verde, (C) Ponte Velha, (D) Recanto das Ruínas.

Figure 3
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil), trails in Teresópolis: (A) Barragem, (B) Bosque Santa Helena, (C) Cachoeira Ceci-Peri, (D) Cachoeira do Papel, (E) Cartão Postal Trail, (F) Casa do Pesquisador, (G) Mozart-Catão Trail.

Figure 4
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil), trails in Teresópolis: (A) Poço do Beija-Flor, (B) Poço do Castelo, (C) Poço Dois Irmãos, (D) Primavera Trail, (E) Suspensa Trail, (F) 360 Trail.

Thumbnail
Table 1
Trails of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (Southeastern Brazil), with their respective geographic coordinates and date of investigation.

We investigated herbs, bushes and trees (up to 2 m heigh) of each trail in a search for galls on leaves, buds, stems, tendrils, aerial roots, flowers, bud flowers, and fruits. We removed, labeled, pressed and dried preferentially fertile branches of each host plant species. Dr. Ricardo Moura identified the host plants species and morphospecies. Their exsiccates were deposited in the herbarium (R) of the Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. We collected galled branches, and characterized the galls in different morphotypes according to their shape, color, presence or absence of trichomes, and plant organ of occurrence. Then we packed each morphotype individually and transported them in labelled plastic bags. The labels comprised the following data: trail name, date, number of the galled plant, and gall morphotype. We photographed all host plants and gall morphotypes. In the laboratory, we dissected samples of each morphotype in order to observe the number of internal chambers, the food habit of the dwellers and to obtain the immature insects. We conditioned other samples individually in labelled plastic pots to obtain the adults. Each pot was lined with a layer of toilet paper. We checked all pots daily. The galls were kept in the pots until the emergence of adult insects or until gall putrefaction. All insects were preserved in 70% alcohol. Later, we mounted the Cecidomyiidae specimens on microscope slides, following the methodology outlined in Gagné (1994Gagné, R.J. 1994. The Gall Midges of the Neotropical Region. Ithaca, Cornell University Press. 352p.), and identified genera based on the keys of Gagné (op. cit.). The insects were deposited in the Entomological Collection of Museu Nacional (MNRJ). The conservational status of the host plants (EN = endangered, NE = not evaluated, NT = near threatened, LC = less concerning, VU = vulnerable) and their origin (native, endemic, exotic and naturalized) were verified in the site Flora e Funga do Brasil (2023Flora e Funga do Brasil (REFLORA). 2023. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available: Available: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br . Access: 25/04/2023.
http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br... ). New records of host plants in Brazil are presented based on comparison with literature data.

RESULTS

We found 290 gall morphotypes on 43 plant families, 81 genera, 93 nominated species and 91 morphospecies (63 identified to in genus and 28 to in family) (Table 2). The lack of fertile material explains this large number of plant morphospecies.

Thumbnail
Table 2
Richness of host plant species and insect gall morphotypes by plant family in the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (Southeastern Brazil).

Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae were the five plant families with the greatest richness of insect galls (Table 2). Regarding botanical genera, Mikania Willd. (Asteraceae), Miconia Ruiz & Pav. (Melastomataceae), and Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) stood out as super hosts (Table 3). Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae) was the plant species with the highest number of gall morphotypes (Table 3).

Thumbnail
Table 3
Host plants and richness of insect galls of the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (Southeastern Brazil).

All plant species are native to Brazil, except Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), which is naturalized. Among the native plants, 46 are endemic to Brazil, 30 of them are known only from the Atlantic forest. Native plant species shelter 148 gall morphotypes, endemic species 69, and the only naturalized species shelter two morphotypes. Endemic plant species with exclusive occurrence in the Atlantic forest shelter 23 gall morphotypes (Table 4).

Thumbnail
Table 4
Plant species origin, conservation status, phytogeographic domain of occurrence, and number of gall morphotypes. EN = endangered, NE = not evaluated, NT = near threatened, and LC = less concerning.

Concerning plant conservation status, three species are endangered, Dasyphyllum leptacanthum (Gardner) Cabrera (Asteraceae), Piper rioense Yunkc. (Piperaceae), and Plinia martinelli G.M. Barroso & M.V. Peron Cabrera (Myrtaceae); three are near threathned, Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl.) S. Grose (Bignoniaceae), Piper sprengelianum C. DC. (Piperaceae), and Pseudopiptadenia inaequalis (Benth.) Rauschert (Fabaceae); 21 are less concerning; and 56 were not evaluated (Table 4). The first two categories shelter 8 and 4 gall-inducing species respectively, none of them identified in to species. So, PARNASO shelters at least 12 unknown gall-inducing species with some degree of threat.

Most galls were found on leaves (62.4%). Other galled organs were stems, buds, aerial roots, and fruits, with low percentages. Galls on flowers were not found (Table 5).

Thumbnail
Table 5
Number of gall morphotypes by host plant organ in the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, RJ, Brazil. The total is higher than 100% because some gall morphotypes occurred in two or more plant organs.

The most frequent gall shape was globoid (43.4%), followed by fusiform (36.5%) (Table 6). Globoid galls occurred mainly on leaves and fusiform galls on stems and veins. Ten gall morphotypes varied in shape. Most galls were green (56.5%) and 40.8% brown. Yellow, red and black colors were also reported (Table 7). Green galls occurred mainly on leaves while brown galls mainly on stems. Some galls (8.8%) varied in color. Most galls (83.8%) were glabrous, while only 16.2% presented trichomes.

Thumbnail
Table 6
Number of gall morphotypes by shape in the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, RJ, Brazil. The total is higher than 100% because some gall morphotypes varied in shape.

Thumbnail
Table 7
Number of gall morphotypes by color in the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, RJ, Brazil. The total is higher than 100% because some gall morphotypes varied in color.

Galls were induced by Diptera (Cecidomyiidae), Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera, being Cecidomyiidae the most frequent gall-inducing insects, being responsible for 48.3% of gall morphotypes (Table 8). Inducers of 131 morphotypes (45.2%) were not determined, as only parasitoids were obtained or because the galls were collected after adults’ emergence.

Thumbnail
Table 8
Number of gall morphotypes by gall-inducing insects in the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, RJ, Brazil. The total is lower than 100% because some gall-inducers were not determined.

The secondary fauna was reported in 62 gall morphotypes (21.4% of the total). It included parasitoids, successors, cecidophagous, and predators. Among them, parasitoids were the most frequent, being reported in 20.0% of the gall morphotypes (Table 9). Successors were represented by Collembola, Hemiptera and Thysanoptera, cecidophagous only by Lepidoptera, and predators only by spiders.

Thumbnail
Table 9
Number of gall morphotypes with secondary fauna in the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, RJ, Brazil.

Among gall-inducing insects, we identified seven gall midge species: Bruggmannia acaudata Maia, 2004, B. elongata Maia & Couri, 1993, B. robusta Maia & Couri, 1993, Clusiamyia nitida Maia, 1997, Neolasioptera eugeniae Maia, 1992, Proasphondylia guapirae Maia, 1993, Sphaeromyia flava Maia, 2007 and three morphospecies of three genera: Clinodiplosis sp. (n = 1), Dasineura sp. (n = 1), and Neolasioptera sp. (n = 1).

Data on host plants (in alphabetical order of families), gall morphological characterization, gall-inducer, secondary fauna, trails, date of collecting, and previous gall records on each host plant are presented below. The number of gall morphotypes in each botanical family, species, and morphospecies is shown in parentheses after the taxon name.

Acanthaceae (n = 3)

Justicia sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf and bud, fusiform, with an apical cylindrical projection, green, glabrous, one or two-chambered (Fig. 5A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Figure 5
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A) On Justicia sp. (Acanthaceae), bud gall, (B-C) On Guatterria cf. australis A. St.-Hill. (Annonaceae): (B) leaf gall, (C) stem gall, (D) On Forsteronia sp. (Apocynaceae), stem gall, (E-G) On Araceae: (E) On Philodendron propinquum Schott., leaf gall, (F) On Philodendron roseopetiolatum Nadruz & Mayo, leaf gall, (G) On Philodendron sp., leaf gall, (H) On Dendropanax sp. (Araliaceae), leaf gall, (I-L) On Asteraceae: (I) On Baccharis sp., bud gall, (J) On Dasyphyllum flagellare (Casar.) Cabrera, (K-L) On Dasyphyllum leptacanthum (Gardner) Cabrera: (K) Leaf gall, (L) Stem gall.

Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Goetz et al. (2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported galls on Justicia spp. in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeastern Brazil) and RS.

Mendoncia velloziana Mart. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (14.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, multichambered. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (14.IX.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

First record of gall on this host plant.

Galls on congeneric species are known from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Annonaceae (n = 3)

Guatteria cf. australis A. St.-Hill. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous (Fig. 5B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021, 25.V.2022); Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022), Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022), Alameda Von Spix (25.V. 2022).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 5C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021); Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

Melo-Júnior et al. (2018Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002... ) recorded these galls in Babitonga (SC).

Guatteria sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, fold, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Other galls are known on congeneric species and morphospecies in AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ), MS (Julião et al., 2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.), RJ (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and SC (Arriola & Melo-Júnior, 2016Arriola, Í.A. & Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. 2016. Richness of insect galls on shrub-tree restinga of a coastal plain of southern Brazil. Acta Biológica Catarinense, 3(2): 121-37. https://doi.org/10.21726/abc.v3i2.288.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21726... ; Melo-Júnior et al., 2018Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002... ).

Apocynaceae (n = 1)

Forsteronia sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, woody, brown, glabrous (Fig. 5D). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Guapimirim: Poço da Capela (28.III.2022), Ponte Velha (29.III.2022).

Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) recorded galls on this plant genus in Bertioga, SP and Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) in MS.

Araceae (n = 4)

Philodendron propinquum Schott. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, marginal roll, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 5E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Guapimirim: Poço da Capela (28.III.2022), Poço Verde (31.III.2022), Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022), Circular (26.IV.2022), Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022).

First record of gall on this host plant.

Philodendron roseopetiolatum Nadruz & Mayo (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 5F). Gall-inducer: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

First record of gall on this host plant.

Philodendron sp. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, marginal roll, green, glabrous (Fig. 5G). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021); Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (29.III.2022).

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: Hymenoptera. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

Galls on congeneric species and morphospecies are known from PE (Santos et al., 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), ES (Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.), RJ (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and SC (Arriola & Melo-Júnior, 2016Arriola, Í.A. & Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. 2016. Richness of insect galls on shrub-tree restinga of a coastal plain of southern Brazil. Acta Biológica Catarinense, 3(2): 121-37. https://doi.org/10.21726/abc.v3i2.288.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21726... ; Melo-Júnior et al., 2018Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002... ).

Araliaceae (n = 1)

Dendropanax sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 5H). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

First record of gall on this plant genus.

Asteraceae (n = 33)

Baccharis sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, rosette, green, glabrous (Fig. 5I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Several galls on congeneric species and morphospecies are known from MG (Fernandes et al., 1997Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244.; Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Coelho et al., 2009Coelho, M.S.; Almada, E.D.G.; Fernandes, G.W.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Santos, R.M.; Quintino, A.V. & Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. 2009. Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 53(3): 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Malves & Frieiro-Costa, 2012Malves, K.M. & Frieiro-Costa, F.A. 2012. List of Plants with Galls Induced by Insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List , 8(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (MG and RJ) (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Dasyphyllum flagellare (Casar.) Cabrera (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, conical, brown, with short trichomes (Fig. 5J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

First record of gall on this host plant.

Dasyphyllum leptacanthum (Gardner) Cabrera (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, brown, glabrous (Fig. 5K). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 5L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

First record of gall on this plant.

Galls on other species and morphospecies of Dasyphyllum Kunth. are known from BA (Silva et al., 2018Silva, E.C.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2018. Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(4): 1-14, e20185804. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), MG (Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), RJ (Maia & Souza, 2013Maia, V.C. & Souza, M.C. 2013. Insect galls of the xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(3): 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300030.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Lepidaploa sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, with brown trichomes (Fig. 6A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Centro de Operações to Camping (28.III.2022), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022).

Figure 6
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-T) On Asteraceae: (A) On Lepidaploa sp., stem gall, (B-C) On Mikania cf. campanulata Gardner: (B) leaf gall, (C) stem gall, (D-E) On Mikania cf. confertissima Sch. Bip.: (D) leaf vein, (E) leaf petiole, (F-H) On Mikania hirsutissima DC.: (F) leaf midvein gall, (G) bud gall, (H) leaf gall, (I-K) On Mikania cf. paniculata DC.: (I) leaf gall, (J) bud gall, (K) leaf gall, (L) On Mikania cf. ternata (Vell.) B.L. Rob., leaf gall, (M) On Mikania sp. 1, leaf gall, (N) On Mikania sp. 2, leaf gall, (O-Q) On Mikania sp. 3: (O) leaf gall, (P) bud gall, (Q) stem gall, (R) On Piptocarpha quadrangularis (Vell.) Baker, leaf gall, (S-T) On Piptocarpha sp.: (S) bud gall, (T) stem gall.

Carneiro et al. (2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported galls on several congeneric species in MG. Maia (2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Rodrigues et al. (2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) recorded galls on Lepidaploa rufogrisea (A. St.-Hill.) H. Rob. in RJ (as Vernonia rufo-grisea A. St.-Hill.).

Mikania cf. campanulata Gardner (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, cylindrical, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 6B). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 6C). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Petrópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Toma & Mendonça-Jr. (2013Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Mendonça-Jr. et al. (2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ) recorded different galls on this host plant in RS.

Mikania cf. confertissima Sch. Bip. (n = 4)

Gall: on leaf petiole, fusiform, brown, glabrous (Fig. 6D). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 6E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf, cylindrical to conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

First gall records on this host plant.

Mikania hirsutissima DC. (n = 3)

Gall: on stem and leaf midvein, fusiform to globoid, green or brown, with brown trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 6F). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Successors: Thysanoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Barragem road (from Camping to Alojamento) (27.IV.2022), Suspensa (23.V.2022). Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported this gall in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeastern Brazil).

Gall: on bud, cylindrical or fusiform, brown, with short brown trichomes, multichambered (Fig. 6G). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 6H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022).

Mikania cf. paniculata DC. (n = 4)

Gall: on leaf midvein, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 6I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021); Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf petiole, fusiform, green, wrinkled, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 6J). Gall-inducer: Curculionidae (Coleoptera). Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021); Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 6K). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021); Guapimirim: Poço da Preguiça (29.III.2022), Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

First gall records on this host plant.

Mikania cf. ternata (Vell.) B.L. Rob. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform, green, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 6L). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

Goetz et al. (2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported the same gall on this plant in RS.

Mikania sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, brown, with trichomes (Fig. 6M). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Successors: Collembola. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Mikania sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, glabrous (Fig. 6N). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Mikania sp. 3 (n = 3)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, red, glabrous (Fig. 6O). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

Gall: on bud, cylindrical, green, glabrous (Fig. 6P). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (29.III.2022).

Gall: on stem and leaf vein, fusiform, green or yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 6Q). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Several galls on congeneric species and morphospecies have been reported by Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) in MS, Maia & Fernandes (2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Carneiro et al. (2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in MG, Maia (2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Rodrigues et al. (2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Maia & Siqueira (2020Maia, V.C. & Siqueira, E.S. 2020. Insect galls of the Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 20(1): 1-19. e20190758. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RJ, Maia et al. (2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.) in ES, Ansaloni et al. (2018Ansaloni, L.S.; Salmazo, J.R. & Guimarães, M.V.U. 2018. Entomogen galls in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest area in Sorocaba, Southeast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 18(4): e20180523. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0523.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in SP, and Mendonça-Jr. et al. (2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ) in RS.

Piptocarpha quadrangularis (Vell.) Baker (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, brown, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 6R). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

First record of gall on this plant.

Piptocarpha sp. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf and petiole, globoid, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 6S). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Gall: on stem, globoid, brown, furrowed, glabrous (Fig. 6T). Gall-inducer: Coleoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Galls on congeneric species and morphospecies are known from GO (Araújo et al., 2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), MG (Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Coelho et al., 2013Coelho, M.S.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Branco, C.; Borges, R.A.X. & Fernandes, G.W. 2013. Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 13: 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and RS (Toma & Mendonça-Jr., 2013Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Asteraceae sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, with brown trichomes, multichambered (Fig. 7A). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Figure 7
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-F) On Asteraceae: (A) On Asteraceae sp. 1, stem gall, (B) On Asteraceae sp. 2, leaf petiole gall, (C) On Asteraceae sp. 3, leaf gall, (D) On Asteraceae sp. 4., leaf petiole gall, (E) On Asteraceae sp. 5, stem gall, (F) On Asteraceae sp. 6, leaf petiole gall, (G-L) On Bignoniaceae: (G) On Adenocalymma sp., stem gall, (H) On Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl.) S. Grose, leaf gall, (I) On Handroanthus sp., leaf gall, (J-K) On Stizophyllum perforatum (Cham.) Miers: (J) leaf petiole gall, (K) leaf gall, (L) Tanaecium pyramidatum (Rich.) L.G. Lohmann, stem gall.

Asteraceae sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf petiole, fusiform, green, with red micropubescence (Fig. 7B). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.XI.2021).

Asteraceae sp. 3 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, red, glabrous (Fig. 7C). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.XI.2021).

Asteraceae sp. 4 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf petiole, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 7D). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Asteraceae sp. 5 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 7E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

Asteraceae sp. 6 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, with trichomes (Fig. 7F). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022).

Bignoniaceae (n = 9)

Adenocalymma sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, brown, fusiform, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 7G). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço da Capela (23.III.2022).

Galls on this plant genus were recorded by Araújo et al. (2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ) in AM, Santos et al. (2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in PE, Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) in MS, and Rodrigues et al. (2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RJ.

Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl.) S. Grose (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 7H). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Marinho et al. (2023Marinho, R.A.; Maia, V.C. & Barbosa, M.R.V. 2023. Entomogenous galls and their associated fauna in deciduous dry forest and woodland vegetation remnants (Caatinga) in the Northern Depressão Sertaneja, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 23(1): 1-11, e20221428. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1428.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported a stem gall on this plant in RN.

Handroanthus sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, discoid, green, with red trichomes (Fig. 7I). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem road (from Alojamento to Camping) (25.IV.2022).

Araújo et al. (2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ) reported reported galls on this plant genus in GO, Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) in MS, Fernandes et al. (2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.) and Fernandes & Negreiros (2006Fernandes, G.W & Negreiros, D. 2006. A comunidade de insetos galhadores da RPPN Fazenda Bulcão, Aimorés, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Lundiana, 7(2): 111-120. https://doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2006.23075.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35699... ) in MG.

Lundia damazioi C. DC. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf midvein, globoid to fusiform, brown, one or multichambered. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

First record of gall on this plant genus.

Stizophyllum perforatum (Cham.) Miers. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf petiole and stem, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 7J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Successors: Hemiptera. Trail: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 7K). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem road (from Alojamento to Camping) (25.IV.2022).

First gall records on this plant species.

Maia (2014Maia, V.C. 2014. Insect galls of Itamonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil): characterization and occurrence. Biota Neotropica , 14: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06033839.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported a stem gall on S. riparium (Kunth.) Sandwith in MG.

Tanaecium pyramidatum (Rich.) L.G. Lohmann (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, globoid, brown, glabrous (Fig. 7L). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço da Capela (24.V.2022).

Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) recorded a leaf gall on this same plant species in MS.

Bignoniaceae sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, yellow, glabrous (Fig. 8A). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Poço do Castelo (06.XII.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

Figure 8
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-B) On Bignoniaceae: (A) On Bignoniaceae sp. 1, leaf gall, (B) On Bignoniaceae sp. 2, stem and leaf petiole gall, (C) On Varronia sp. (Boraginaceae), bud gall, (D) On Rhipsalis olivifera N.P. Taylor & Zappi (Cactaceae), leaf gall, (E) On Celastraceae sp., leaf gall, (F-G) On Clusiaceae: (F) On Clusia lanceolata Camb., leaf gall, (G) On Tovomitopsis paniculata (Spreng.) Planch & Triana, leaf gall, (H) On Cayaponia sp. 2 (Curcubitaceae), leaf petiole, (I) On Dioscorea laxiflora Mart. ex Griseb. (Dioscoreaceae), leaf petiole, (J) On Polybotrya sp. (Dryopteridaceae), leaf petiole, (K-L) On Euphorbiaceae: (K) On Croton echinocarpus Müll. Arg., stem gall, (L) On Croton floribundus Spreng., leaf gall.

Bignoniaceae sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem and leaf petiole, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 8B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

Boraginaceae (n = 1)

Varronia sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, with an apical projection, green, with white microtrichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 8C). Gall-inducer: Lepidoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem road (from Alojamento to Camping) (25.IV.2022).

Several authors reported galls on Varronia curassavica Jacq. in RJ, ES, SP and SC as Maia (2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Bregonci et al. (2010Bregonci, J.M.; Polycarpo, P.V. & Maia, V.C. 2010. Galhas de insetos do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha (Guarapari, ES, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 10(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100023.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Carvalho-Fernandes et al. (2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Melo-Júnior et al. (2018Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002... ), and Maia & Siqueira (2020Maia, V.C. & Siqueira, E.S. 2020. Insect galls of the Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 20(1): 1-19. e20190758. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Marinho et al. (2023Marinho, R.A.; Maia, V.C. & Barbosa, M.R.V. 2023. Entomogenous galls and their associated fauna in deciduous dry forest and woodland vegetation remnants (Caatinga) in the Northern Depressão Sertaneja, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 23(1): 1-11, e20221428. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1428.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) recorded a leaf gall on V. leucocephala (Moric.) J.S. Mill. in CE.

Cactaceae (n = 1)

Rhipsalis olivifera N.P. Taylor & Zappi (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 8D). Gall-inducer: Lepidoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (15.IX.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

First record of gall on this plant.

Mendonça-Jr. et al. (2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ) reported a stem gall on Rhipsalis sp. in RS.

Celastraceae (n = 1)

Celastraceae sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 8E). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Primavera (15.IX.2021).

Chrysobalanaceae (n = 1)

Licania spicata Hook. f. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, brown, glabrous. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart Catão (25.V.2022).

Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported leaf and stem galls on Licania spicata Hook. f. in SP. Galls on this plant genus are known from AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ), GO (Santos et al., 2010Santos, B.B.; Ferreira, H.D. & Araújo, W.S. 2010. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas em uma área de floresta estacional semidecídua em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasílica, 24(1): 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062010000100026.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Araújo et al., 2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ) and MG (Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , Coelho et al., 2013Coelho, M.S.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Branco, C.; Borges, R.A.X. & Fernandes, G.W. 2013. Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 13: 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Clusiaceae (n = 2)

Clusia lanceolata Camb. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, intralaminar, globoid, green ou red, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 8F). Gall-inducer: Clusiamyia nitida Maia, 1997 (Cecidomyiidae). Trail: Guapimirim: Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022).

Maia (1996Maia, V.C. 1996. Clusiamyia nitida gen. n. e sp. n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Cecidomyiidi) associada com Clusia lanceolata Camb. (Clusiaceae) no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 13(4): 829-832. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751996000400003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) described the gall-inducing species from Maricá, RJ. Until this moment, it was known only from the type-locality.

Galls on other congeneric species are morphospecies are known from AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ), PE (Santos et al., 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), GO (Araújo et al., 2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... , 2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), MS (Julião et al., 2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), ES (Bregonci et al., 2010Bregonci, J.M.; Polycarpo, P.V. & Maia, V.C. 2010. Galhas de insetos do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha (Guarapari, ES, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 10(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100023.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.), RJ (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Oliveira & Maia, 2005Oliveira, J.C. & Maia, V.C. 2005. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas de insetos na restinga de Grumari (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 63(4): 669-675.; Carvalho-Fernandes et al., 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SC (Arriola & Melo-Júnior, 2016Arriola, Í.A. & Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. 2016. Richness of insect galls on shrub-tree restinga of a coastal plain of southern Brazil. Acta Biológica Catarinense, 3(2): 121-37. https://doi.org/10.21726/abc.v3i2.288.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21726... ; Melo-Júnior et al., 2018Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002... ).

Tovomitopsis paniculata (Spreng.) Planch & Triana (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 8G). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

First record of gall on this plant genus.

Curcubitaceae (n = 2)

Cayaponia sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf petiole, fusiform green, glabrous, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Guapimirim: Alameda Von Spix (25.IV.2022).

Cayaponia sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem and leaf petiole, fusiform, green, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 8H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022).

Toma & Mendonça-Jr. (2013Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported galls on this plant genus.

Dioscoreaceae (n = 1)

Dioscorea laxiflora Mart. ex Griseb (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf petiole and stem, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 8I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (25.IV.2022), Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

First record of gall on this plant species.

Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Goetz et al. (2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported galls on other species of Dioscorea L. in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and RS, respectively.

Dryopteridaceae (n = 1)

Polybotrya sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf petiole, fusiform, brown, glabrous (Fig. 8J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

First record of gall on this plant genus.

Euphorbiaceae (n = 4)

Croton echinocarpus Müll. Arg. (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, with short trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 8K). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021), Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Centro de Operações (28.III.2022).

First record of gall on this plant species.

Many authors reported galls on other congeneric species and morphospecies as Almada & Fernandes (2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ) in AM, Marinho et al. (2023Marinho, R.A.; Maia, V.C. & Barbosa, M.R.V. 2023. Entomogenous galls and their associated fauna in deciduous dry forest and woodland vegetation remnants (Caatinga) in the Northern Depressão Sertaneja, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 23(1): 1-11, e20221428. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1428.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RN, CE and PB, Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) in MS, Vieira et al. (2018Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in BA, Carneiro et al. (2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Maia & Fernandes (2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Malves & Frieiro-Costa (2012Malves, K.M. & Frieiro-Costa, F.A. 2012. List of Plants with Galls Induced by Insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List , 8(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ) in MG, Carvalho-Fernandes et al. (2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RJ, Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Ribeiro et al. (2019Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) and Urso-Guimarães et al. (2003Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Bonifácio-Silva, A.C. 2003. Occurrence and characterization of entomogen galls in plants from natural vegetation areas in Delfinópolis, MG, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 63(4): 705-715. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000400018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in SP.

Croton floribundus Spreng. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 8L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Centro de Operações (28.III.2022).

Maia & Fernandes (2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported a similar gall on this plant in MG. Several authors have reported other galls on C. floribundus:Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129. (ES), Maia & Mascarenhas (2022) in MG, Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and Santos & Ribeiro (2015Santos, P.O. & Ribeiro, J.E.L.S. 2015. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em Telêmaco Borba, Paraná, Brasil. Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 36(2): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2015v36n2p15.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5433/... ) in PR.

Plukenetia serrata (Vell.) L.J. Gillespie (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, globoid, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 9A). Gall-inducer Coleoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Figure 9
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-B) On Euphorbiaceae: (A) On Plukenetia serrata (Vell.) L.J. Gillespie, stem gall, (B) On Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, leaf gall, (C-L) On Fabaceae: (C-D) On Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne: (C) leaf gall, (D) bud gall, (E) On Copaifera sp., leaf gall, (F) On Dahstedtia pinnata (Benth.) Malme, stem gall, (G-I) On Dalbergia foliolosa Benth.: (G) bud gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) stem gall, (J-K) On Dalbergia sp. 1: (J) leaf gall, (K) stem gall, (L) On Dalbergia sp. 2, leaf gall.

First record of gall on this plant genus.

Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous (Fig. 9B). Gall-inducer: Hemiptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem road (from Alojamento to Camping) (25.IV.2022).

Julião et al. (2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ) reported this gall in AM and Toma & Mendonça-Jr. (2013Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RS. Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) recorded other leaf gall on this host plant.

Fabaceae (n = 28)

Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 9C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (29.III.2022).

Gall: on bud, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 9D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (29.III.2022).

First record of gall on this plant species.

Copaifera sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, discoid, concave, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 9E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Alameda Von Spix (25.V.2022).

Galls on congeneric species and morphospecies were reported by Carvalho & Mota (2018Carvalho, A.N. & Mota, J.S. 2018. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas em um fragmento florestal em estágio de sucessão ecológica na Amazônia. EntomoBrasilis, 11(2): 118-123. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i2.786.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12741... ) in AM, Ascendino & Maia (2018Ascendino, S. & Maia, V.C. 2018. Insect galls of Pantanal areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2): 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in MS, Santos et al. (2011Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (caatinga) of Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in PE, Santos et al. (2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Araújo et al. (2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ) in GO, Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) in MS, Santos et al. (2018Santos, I.M.; Lima, V.P.; Soares, E.K.S; Paula, M. & Calado, D.C. 2018. Insect galls in three species of Copaifera L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioidea) occurring simpatrically in a Cerrado area (Bahia, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 18(1): e20170356. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0356.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Nogueira et al. (2016Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C. & Santos-Silva, J. 2016. Levantamento de Galhas entomógenas na Serra Geral, Caetité, Bahia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica , 16(1): 1-10, e20150035. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0035.
https://doi.org/1https://doi.org/https:/... ), Vieira et al. (2018Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Silva et al. (2018Silva, E.C.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2018. Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(4): 1-14, e20185804. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) in BA, Fernandes et al. (1997Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244.), Gonçalves-Alvim & Fernandes (2001Gonçalves-Alvim, S.J. & Fernandes, G.W. 2001. Biodiversity of Gall-inducers: historical, community and habitat effects in four neotropical savannas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016602213305.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/... ), Maia & Fernandes (2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Coelho et al. (2009Coelho, M.S.; Almada, E.D.G.; Fernandes, G.W.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Santos, R.M.; Quintino, A.V. & Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. 2009. Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 53(3): 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Luz et al. (2012Luz, G.R.; Fernandes, G.W. & Silva, J.O. 2012. Galhas de insetos em habitats xérico e mésico em região de transição Cerrado-Caatinga no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 7(3): 171-187. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2012.73.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4013/... ) and Maia (2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in MG, and Urso-Guimarães & Scareli-Santos (2006Urso-Guimarães, M.V. & Scareli-Santos, C. 2006. Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 66(1b): 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Ribeiro et al. (2019Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) in SP.

Dahlstedtia pinnata (Benth.) Malme (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 9F). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Ponte Velha (29.III.2022).

Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported this same gall in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia.

Dalbergia foliolosa Benth. (n = 3)

Gall: on bud, globoid, imbricated, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 9G). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (13.IX.2021), Primavera (15.IX.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, conical, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 9H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (15.IX.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021); Guapimirim: Alameda Von Spix (25.V. 2022).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 9I). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (15.IX.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (06.XII.2021).

Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported galls on stem and leaf of this plant species in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. The stem gall is the same recorded here, the others are different morphotypes.

Dalbergia sp. 1 (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 9J). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 9K). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Dalbergia sp. 2 (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, fold, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 9L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 10A). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Figure 10
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Fabaceae: (A) On Dalbergia sp. 2, stem gall, (B-C) On Inga barbata Benth.: (B) stem gall, (C) leaf gall, (D-E) Inga lanceifolia Benth., (D) stem gall, (E) leaf gall, (F-G) On Inga marginata Willd.: (F) bud gall, (G) leaf gall, (H) On Inga sp., leaf vein gall, (I-K) On Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth.: (I) stem gall, (J) bud gall (with trichomes), (K) bud gall (glabrous), (L) On Machaerium oblongifolium Vogel., leaf gall.

Galls on other congeneric species and morphospecies have been reported in AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ; Julião et al., 2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), GO (Araújo et al., 2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.; Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Luz et al., 2012Luz, G.R.; Fernandes, G.W. & Silva, J.O. 2012. Galhas de insetos em habitats xérico e mésico em região de transição Cerrado-Caatinga no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 7(3): 171-187. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2012.73.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4013/... ; Costa & Araújo, 2019Costa, K.C.S. & Araújo, W.S. 2019. Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(31): 1-10, e20195931. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.31.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), RJ (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), ES (Maia, 2020Maia, V.C. 2020. Insetos galhadores em áreas de Restinga no Espírito Santo, Brasil. In: Mônico, A.T.; Koch, E.D.; Freitas, J.; Rodrigues, L.N.; Lopes, M.M. & Betzel, R.L. (Eds.). VIII Simpósio sobre a Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica (SIMBIOMA), “Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão: sete décadas conhecendo a biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica”. Anais. Santa Teresa, SIMBIOMA. p. 359-365.), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SC (Arriola et al., 2015Arriola, Í.A.; Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. & Isaias, R.M.S. 2015. Questioning the environmental stress hypothesis for gall diversity of restinga vegetation on dunes. Revista de Biología Tropical, 63(4): 959-970. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i4.17866.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15517... ), and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Inga barbata Benth. (n = 2)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, with microtrichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 10B). Gall-inducer: Curculionidae (Coleoptera). Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, extralaminar, green, with brown trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 10C). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported the same leaf gall in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia.

Inga lanceifolia Benth. (n = 2)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 10D). Gall-inducer: Curculionidae (Coleoptera). Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, yellow, glabrous (Fig. 10E). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

First records of galls on this plant species.

Inga marginata Willd. (n = 2)

Gall: on bud, globoid, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 10F). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Cachoeira Ceci-Peri (13.IX.2021), Barragem road (from Alojamento to Camping) (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, brown, with trichomes (Fig. 10G). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Cachoeira Ceci-Peri (13.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Barragem road (from Alojamento to Camping) (25.IV.2022).

Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported the same leaf gall on this plant in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Other galls were recorded by Julião et al. (2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ) in AM, Araújo et al. (2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ) in GO, and Goetz et al. (2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RS.

Inga sessilis (Vell.) Mart. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, cylindrical, green, glabrous. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported the same leaf gall on this plant in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia.

Inga sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, brown, glabrous (Fig. 10H). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.XI.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021).

Several galls are known on Inga Mill. species and morphospecies in AM (Maia, 2011Maia, V.C. 2011. Characterization of insect galls, gall makers, and associated fauna of Platô Bacaba (Porto de Trombetas, Pará, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 11: 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000400003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ; Silva et al., 2011Silva, P.S.D.; Almeida-Santos, B.; Tabarelli, M. & Almeida-Cortez, J.S. 2011. Occurrence of gall complexes along a topographic gradient in an undisturbed lowland forest of Central Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Biociências , 9(2): 133-138. http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/1577.
http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.ph... ; Araújo et al., 2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ; Carvalho & Mota, 2018Carvalho, A.N. & Mota, J.S. 2018. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas em um fragmento florestal em estágio de sucessão ecológica na Amazônia. EntomoBrasilis, 11(2): 118-123. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i2.786.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12741... ), GO (Bergamini et al., 2017Bergamini, B.A.R.; Bergamini, L.L.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2017. Occurrence and characterization of insect galls in the Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 57(32): 413-431. https://doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.32.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), MS (Julião et al., 2002Julião, G.R.; Amaral, M.E.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2002. Galhas de insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense. Naturalia , 27: 47-74., Urso-Guimarães et al., 2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... , Ascendino & Maia, 2018Ascendino, S. & Maia, V.C. 2018. Insect galls of Pantanal areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2): 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), PE (Santos et al., 2011Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (caatinga) of Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), BA (Silva et al., 2018Silva, A.R.F.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Santos-Silva, J. 2018. Occurrence and characterization of entomogenic galls in an area of Cerrado sensu stricto and Gallery forest of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 90(3): 2903-2919. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170522.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MG (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2003Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Bonifácio-Silva, A.C. 2003. Occurrence and characterization of entomogen galls in plants from natural vegetation areas in Delfinópolis, MG, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 63(4): 705-715. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000400018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Fernandes & Negreiros, 2006Fernandes, G.W & Negreiros, D. 2006. A comunidade de insetos galhadores da RPPN Fazenda Bulcão, Aimorés, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Lundiana, 7(2): 111-120. https://doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2006.23075.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35699... ), RJ (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Silva, 2016Maia, V.C. & Silva, L.O. 2016. Insect galls of restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 73(6): 787-795. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.05314.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and RS (Goetz et al., 2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth. (n = 3)

Gall: on stem, globoid, brown, glabrous (Fig. 10I). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

Gall: on bud, globoid, reddish, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 10J). Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021), Poço do Castelo (06.XII.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021).

Gall: on bud, globoid, rough, brown, glabrous (Fig. 10K). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021).

Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported two gall morphotypes on stem and bud of this plant in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia.

Machaerium oblongifolium Vogel (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf and bud, globoid, extralaminar, yellow, with short trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 10L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart Catão (27.X.2021); Guapimirim: Ponte Velha (29.III.2022).

First gall record on this plant species.

Galls on other species and morphospecies of Machaerium Pers. are known from AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ), GO (Araújo et al., 2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), MS (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 1988Fernandes, G.W.A., Tameirão-Neto, E. & Martins, R.P. 1988. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas na vegetação do Campus Pampulha da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 5(1): 11-29. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751988000100002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.; Fernandes & Negreiros, 2006Fernandes, G.W & Negreiros, D. 2006. A comunidade de insetos galhadores da RPPN Fazenda Bulcão, Aimorés, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Lundiana, 7(2): 111-120. https://doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2006.23075.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35699... ; Luz et al., 2012Luz, G.R.; Fernandes, G.W. & Silva, J.O. 2012. Galhas de insetos em habitats xérico e mésico em região de transição Cerrado-Caatinga no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 7(3): 171-187. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2012.73.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4013/... ; Malves & Frieiro-Costa, 2012Malves, K.M. & Frieiro-Costa, F.A. 2012. List of Plants with Galls Induced by Insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List , 8(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ; Coelho et al., 2013Coelho, M.S.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Branco, C.; Borges, R.A.X. & Fernandes, G.W. 2013. Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 13: 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia, 2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Gonçalves-Alvim & Fernandes, 2001Gonçalves-Alvim, S.J. & Fernandes, G.W. 2001. Biodiversity of Gall-inducers: historical, community and habitat effects in four neotropical savannas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016602213305.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/... ; Maia & Mascarenhas, 2022Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2022. Insect galls from the Serra Negra do Funil Natural Heritage Private Reserve, Rio Preto, MG (Southeastern Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 94(4): 1-22, e2020900. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220200900.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), ES (Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.), RJ (Carvalho-Fernandes et al., 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Carvalho-Fernandes, 2016Maia, V.C. & Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. 2016. Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Maia & Siqueira, 2020Maia, V.C. & Siqueira, E.S. 2020. Insect galls of the Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 20(1): 1-19. e20190758. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), PR (Santos & Ribeiro, 2015Santos, P.O. & Ribeiro, J.E.L.S. 2015. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em Telêmaco Borba, Paraná, Brasil. Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 36(2): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2015v36n2p15.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5433/... ), and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Myrocarpus frondosus Alemão (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, green, glabrous (Fig. 11A). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

Figure 11
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-I) On Fabaceae: (A) On Myrocarpus frondosus Alemão, leaf gall, (B-C) On Pseudopiptadenia inaequalis (Benth.) Rauschert: (B) leaf gall, (C) stem gall, (D) On Senegalia sp. 1, stem gall, (E) On Senegalia sp. 2, bud gall, (F) On Nematanthus crassifolius (Schott.) Wiehler (Gesneriaceae), stem gall, (G-K) On Lauraceae: (G-H) On Ocotea cf. elegans Mez.: (G) stem gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) On Ocotea sp. 1, stem gall, (J) On Ocotea sp. 2, leaf gall, (K) On Lauraceae sp., leaf gall, (L) On Struthanthus sp. (Loranthaceae), aerial root gall.

First record of galls on this plant genus.

Pseudopiptadenia inaequalis (Benth.) Rauschert (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, green, glabrous (Fig. 11B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart Catão (27.X.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021); Guapimirim: Ponte Velha (29.III.2022).

Gall: on stem, globoid, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 11C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart Catão (27.X.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

First records of galls on this plant genus.

Senegalia sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous (Fig. 11D). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Recanto das Ruínas (28.III.2022).

Senegalia sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, green, glabrous (Fig. 11E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (29.III.2021).

Carvalho-Fernandes et al. (2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Maia & Souza (2013Maia, V.C. & Souza, M.C. 2013. Insect galls of the xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(3): 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300030.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported galls on this plant genus in RJ.

Galls on Senegalia spp. are known from BA (Silva et al., 2018Silva, E.C.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2018. Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(4): 1-14, e20185804. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ; Santana et al., 2020Santana, C.A.G.S.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S. & Silva, J.S. 2020. Insect galls and their host plants in gallery forest in Bahia State, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 43: 989-998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00641-4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ), and RJ (Maia & Souza, 2013Maia, V.C. & Souza, M.C. 2013. Insect galls of the xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(3): 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300030.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Carvalho-Fernandes, 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Carvalho-Fernandes et al., 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Siqueira, 2020Maia, V.C. & Siqueira, E.S. 2020. Insect galls of the Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 20(1): 1-19. e20190758. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Gesneriaceae (n = 1)

Nematanthus crassifolius (Schott.) Wiehler (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous (Fig. 11F). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

First gall record on this plant genus.

Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported a stem gall on Nematanthus fritschii Hoehne in SP.

Lauraceae (n = 5)

Ocotea cf. elegans Mez (n = 2)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 11G). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, with white trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 11H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Centro de Operações to Camping (28.III.2022).

Flor et al. (2018Flor, I.C.; Flor, J.C. & Furtado, P.S.N. 2018 Insect galls of the Floresta da Cicuta (Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(24): 1-12, e20185824. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.24.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) reported the same stem gall on Ocotea elegans in RJ.

Ocotea sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 11I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

Ocotea sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous (Fig. 11J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021, 25.V.2022).

Several galls on congeneric species and morphospecies are known from AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ; Araújo et al., 2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ; Julião et al., 2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), PE (Santos et al., 2011Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (caatinga) of Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MS (Julião et al., 2002Julião, G.R.; Amaral, M.E.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2002. Galhas de insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense. Naturalia , 27: 47-74.), BA (Vieira et al., 2018Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , Santana et al., 2020Santana, C.A.G.S.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S. & Silva, J.S. 2020. Insect galls and their host plants in gallery forest in Bahia State, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 43: 989-998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00641-4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.; Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Coelho et al., 2009Coelho, M.S.; Almada, E.D.G.; Fernandes, G.W.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Santos, R.M.; Quintino, A.V. & Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. 2009. Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 53(3): 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2013Coelho, M.S.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Branco, C.; Borges, R.A.X. & Fernandes, G.W. 2013. Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 13: 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), ES (Bregonci et al., 2010Bregonci, J.M.; Polycarpo, P.V. & Maia, V.C. 2010. Galhas de insetos do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha (Guarapari, ES, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 10(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100023.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.), RJ (Monteiro et al., 1994Monteiro, R.F.; Ferraz, F.F.F.; Maia, V.C. & Azevedo, M.A.P. 1994. Galhas entomógenas em restingas: uma abordagem preliminar. Anais da Academia de Ciências do Estado de São Paulo, 3(87): 210-220.; Rodrigues et al., 2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Carvalho-Fernandes et al., 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Flor et al., 2018Flor, I.C.; Flor, J.C. & Furtado, P.S.N. 2018 Insect galls of the Floresta da Cicuta (Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(24): 1-12, e20185824. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.24.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Siqueira, 2020Maia, V.C. & Siqueira, E.S. 2020. Insect galls of the Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 20(1): 1-19. e20190758. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Lima et al., 2000Lima, E.S.; Magenta, M.A.G.; Kraus, J.E.; Vechi, C. & Martins, S.E. 2000. Levantamento preliminar de galhas entomógenas ocorrentes em plantas das restingas de Bertioga (SP). In: Simpósio de Ecossistemas Brasileiros, 5º. Anais. Vitória, ACIESP. v. 3, p. 39-46. (Publicação ACIESP, 109); Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Ribeiro et al., 2019Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ; Saito & Urso-Guimarães, 2012Saito, V.S. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2012. Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP). Biota Neotropica , 12: 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300011.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SC (Arriola & Melo-Júnior, 2016Arriola, Í.A. & Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. 2016. Richness of insect galls on shrub-tree restinga of a coastal plain of southern Brazil. Acta Biológica Catarinense, 3(2): 121-37. https://doi.org/10.21726/abc.v3i2.288.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21726... ; Melo-Júnior et al., 2018Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002... ), and RS (Toma & Mendonça-Jr., 2013Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Lauraceae sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, concave, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 11K). Gall-inducer: Hemiptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Loranthaceae (n = 1)

Struthanthus sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on aerial roots, globoid, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 11L). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Galls on congeneric species are known from other localities, as GO (Araújo et al., 2011Araújo, W.S.; Santos, B.B. & Gomes-Klein, V.L. 2011. Insect galls from Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 11: 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and RJ (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Malpighiaceae (n = 9)

Bunchosia cf. maritima (Vell.) J.F. Macbr (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, woody, brown, glabrous (Fig. 12A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Guapimirim: Ponte Velha (29.III.2022).

Figure 12
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-I) On Malpighiaceae: (A) On Bunchosia cf. maritima (Vell.) J.F. Macbr., stem gall, (B-D) On Bunchosia sp. 1, (B) leaf gall, (C) bud gall, (D) petiole gall, (E) On Heteropterys sp. 1, leaf petiole gall, (F) On Heteropterys sp. 2, stem gall, (G-I) On Niedenzuella poeppigiana (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson: (G) stem gall, (H) bud gall, (I) leaf gall, (J) On Bertolonia acuminata Gardner (Melastomataceae), bud gall.

First gall record on this plant species.

Bunchosia sp. (n = 3)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, extralaminar, yellow, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 12B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (27.IV.2022).

Gall: on apical bud, fusiform to globoid, yellow or brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 12C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (27.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf petiole, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 12D). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (27.IV.2022).

Galls on other congeneric species were reported by Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) in MS.

Heteropterys sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf petiole and midvein base, fusiform, green, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 12E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem road (from Alojamento to Camping) (25.IV.2022), Guapimirim: Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022).

Heteropterys sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 12F). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

Galls on this plant genus were reported by Araújo et al. (2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ) in GO, Fernandes et al. (1997Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244.) and Gonçalves-Alvim & Fernandes (2001Gonçalves-Alvim, S.J. & Fernandes, G.W. 2001. Biodiversity of Gall-inducers: historical, community and habitat effects in four neotropical savannas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016602213305.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/... ) in MG, Maia (2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Maia & Souza (2013Maia, V.C. & Souza, M.C. 2013. Insect galls of the xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(3): 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300030.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RJ, and Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, and Urso-Guimarães & Scareli-Santos (2006Urso-Guimarães, M.V. & Scareli-Santos, C. 2006. Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 66(1b): 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in SP.

Niedenzuella poeppigiana (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson (n = 3)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, woody, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 12G) Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021), Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021).

Gall: on bud, fusiform, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 12H). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on leaf, conical, furrowed, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 12I). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento) (30.III.2022); Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported a leaf gall on other congeneric species in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia.

Malvaceae (n = 1)

Eriotheca sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, yellow, glabrous. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021).

Galls on this plant genus were reported in GO (Santos et al., 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Araújo et al., 2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), MG (Gonçalves-Alvim & Fernandes, 2001Gonçalves-Alvim, S.J. & Fernandes, G.W. 2001. Biodiversity of Gall-inducers: historical, community and habitat effects in four neotropical savannas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016602213305.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/... ) and SP (Saito & Urso-Guimarães, 2012Saito, V.S. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2012. Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP). Biota Neotropica , 12: 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300011.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Melastomataceae (n = 38)

Bertolonia acuminata Gardner (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, rough, red, glabrous (Fig. 12J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021).

First gall record on this plant genus.

Leandra acutiflora (Naudin) Cogn. (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 13A). Gall-inducer: Lepidoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Cachoeira Ceci-Peri (13.IX.2021).

Figure 13
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-M) On Melastomataceae: (A) On Leandra acutiflora (Naudin) Cogn., bud gall, (B) On Meriania paniculata (DC.) Triana, leaf gall, (C) On Meriania sp., leaf gall, (D-G) On Miconia buddlejoides Triana, (D) stem gall, (E) leaf gall, (F) leaf gall, (G) leaf gall, (H-J) On Miconia fasciculata Gardner: (H) stem gall, (I) leaf gall, (J) bud gall, (K) On Miconia paniculata, stem gall, (L) On Miconia sp. 1, stem gall, (M) On Miconia sp. 2, stem gall.

First gall record on this plant species.

Several galls on other Leandra species and morphospecies are known from MG (Fernandes et al., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.; Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Meriania paniculata (DC.) Triana (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 13B). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021).

Meriania sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 13C). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (25.XI.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

First records of galls on this plant genus.

Miconia buddlejoides Triana (n = 4)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, with short trichomes, one or multichambered (Fig. 13D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, glabrous (Fig. 13E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (25.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, yellow or brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 13F). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira do Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, glabrous (Fig. 13G). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Miconia fasciculata Gardner (n = 3)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, woody, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 13H). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart Catão (25.V.2022).

Gall: on leaf, ovoid, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 13I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart Catão (25.V.2022).

Gall: on bud, globoid, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 13J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Carneiro et al. (2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported different galls on this plant species in SP and MG, respectively.

Miconia paniculata (DC.) Naudin (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform to globoid, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 13K). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Bosque Santa Helena (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.X.2021).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Miconia sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, brown, woody, glabrous (Fig. 13L). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Poço do Castelo (06.XII.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

Miconia sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, globoid, brown, glabrous (Fig. 13M). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Miconia sp. 3 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 14A). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (23.V.2022), Mozart Catão (25.V.2022).

Figure 14
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Melastomataceae: (A) On Miconia sp. 3, leaf gall, (B-C) On Miconia sp. 4: (B) leaf gall, (C) bug gall, (D) On Miconia sp. 5, leaf gall, (E) On Miconia sp. 6, leaf gall, (F) On Miconia sp. 7, leaf gall, (G-H) On Miconia sp. 8: (G) bud gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) On Pleroma sp. 1, bud gall, (J) On Pleroma sp. 2, leaf petiole gall, (K) On Pleroma sp. 3, bud gall, (L) On Pleroma sp. 4, bud gall.

Miconia sp. 4 (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 14B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021), Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on bud, conical, wrinkled, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 14C). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (15.IX.2021), Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Miconia sp. 5 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous (Fig. 14D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Miconia sp. 6 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green or brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 14E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Miconia sp. 7 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf vein, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 14F). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021, 23.V.2022).

Miconia sp. 8 (n = 2)

Gall: on bud, ovoid or globoid, red, wrinkled, glabrous (Fig. 14G). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green or red, glabrous (Fig. 14H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021, 25.V.2022).

Several species and morphospecies of Miconia host galls as reported by Almada & Fernandes (2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ), Maia (2011Maia, V.C. 2011. Characterization of insect galls, gall makers, and associated fauna of Platô Bacaba (Porto de Trombetas, Pará, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 11: 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000400003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Silva et al. (2011Silva, P.S.D.; Almeida-Santos, B.; Tabarelli, M. & Almeida-Cortez, J.S. 2011. Occurrence of gall complexes along a topographic gradient in an undisturbed lowland forest of Central Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Biociências , 9(2): 133-138. http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/1577.
http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.ph... ), Araújo et al. (2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ), Julião et al. (2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ) and Carvalho & Mota (2018Carvalho, A.N. & Mota, J.S. 2018. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas em um fragmento florestal em estágio de sucessão ecológica na Amazônia. EntomoBrasilis, 11(2): 118-123. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i2.786.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12741... ) in AM; Santos et al. (2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Araújo et al. (2011Araújo, W.S.; Santos, B.B. & Gomes-Klein, V.L. 2011. Insect galls from Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 11: 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ) in GO, Vieira et al. (2018Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in BA, Santos et al. (2011Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (caatinga) of Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in PE, Fernandes et al. (1997Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.), Gonçalves-Alvim & Fernandes (2001Gonçalves-Alvim, S.J. & Fernandes, G.W. 2001. Biodiversity of Gall-inducers: historical, community and habitat effects in four neotropical savannas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016602213305.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/... ), Maia & Fernandes (2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Malves & Frieiro-Costa (2012Malves, K.M. & Frieiro-Costa, F.A. 2012. List of Plants with Galls Induced by Insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List , 8(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), and Maia (2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2014Maia, V.C. 2014. Insect galls of Itamonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil): characterization and occurrence. Biota Neotropica , 14: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06033839.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in MG, Maia (2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Rodrigues et al. (2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Carvalho-Fernandes et al. (2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RJ, Urso-Guimarães & Scareli-Santos (2006Urso-Guimarães, M.V. & Scareli-Santos, C. 2006. Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 66(1b): 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Ribeiro et al. (2019Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), and Saito & Urso-Guimarães (2012Saito, V.S. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2012. Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP). Biota Neotropica , 12: 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300011.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in SP, Toma & Mendonça-Jr. (2013Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Mendonça-Jr. et al. (2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ) in RS.

Pleroma sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, rosette, green, with short trichomes (Fig. 14I). Gall-inducer: Coleoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Pleroma sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, petiole and stem, globoid, green, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 14J). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Pleroma sp. 3 (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, green, with trichomes, multichambered (Fig. 14K). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022).

Pleroma sp. 4 (n = 1)

Gall: on bud and leaf, globoid, green, with hard trichomes (Fig. 14L). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Pleroma sp. 5 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 15A). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Figure 15
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-K) On Melastomataceae: (A) On Pleroma sp. 5, leaf gall, (B-C) On Melastomataceae sp. 1: (B) leaf gall, (C) petiole gall, (D) On Melastomataceae sp. 2, leaf gall, (E) On Melastomataceae sp. 3, leaf gall, (F-G) On Melastomataceae sp. 4: (F) stem gall, (G) leaf gall, (H) On Melastomataceae sp. 5, stem gall, (I) On Melastomataceae sp. 6, leaf gall, (J) On Melastomataceae sp. 7, stem gall, (K) On Melastomataceae sp. 8, bud gall, (L) On Guarea macrophylla subsp. tuberculata (Vell.) T.D. Penn. (Meliaceae), leaf gall.

Maia & Fernandes (2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Maia (2022Maia, V.C. 2022. A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pleroma raddianum, an endemic plant to Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 62(62): 1-10. e202262062. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.062.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) reported galls on Pleroma D. Don in MG and SP, respectively.

Melastomataceae sp. 1 (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 15B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on petiole, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 15C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Melastomataceae sp. 2 (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 15D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021), Barragem road (between Primavera entrances) (15.IX.2021); Guapimirim: Poço da Capela (28.III.2022), Caninana (29.III.2022), Poço da Preguiça (29.III.2022), Poço Verde (31.III.2022), Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, fusiform, green, with short trichomes, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem road (between Primavera entrances) (15.IX.2021).

Melastomataceae sp. 3 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, yellow, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 15E). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021, 25.V.2022).

Melastomataceae sp. 4 (n = 2)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, with short trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 15F). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, yellow or red, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 15G). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

Melastomataceae sp. 5 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 15H). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Melastomataceae sp. 6 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 15I). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021).

Melastomataceae sp. 7 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 15J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Succcessor: Coccoidea (Hemiptera). Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022).

Melastomataceae sp. 8 (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, red, with trichomes (Fig. 15K). Gall-inducer: Lepidoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Primavera (15.IX.2021).

Meliaceae (n = 5)

Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, extralaminar, yellow, glabrous. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço da Capela (28.III.2022).

Fernandes et al. (2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.) and Rodrigues et al. (2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported this gall in MG (Vale do Rio Doce) and RJ (Mangaratiba), respectively. Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) and Ribeiro et al. (2019Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) recorded other gall morphotypes on the same host species.

Guarea macrophylla subsp. tuberculata (Vell.) T.D. Penn. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 15L). Gall-inducer: Neolasioptera sp. (Cecidomyiidae). Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.X.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (06.XII.2021); Guapimirim: Circular (27.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16A). Gall-inducer: Sphaeromyia flava Maia, 2007 (Cecidomyiidae). Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Predators: spider. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.X.2021); Guapimirim: Circular (27.IV.2022).

Figure 16
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-C) On Meliaceae: (A) On Guarea macrophylla subsp. tuberculata (Vell.) T.D. Penn., leaf gall, (B-C) On Trichilia silvatica C. DC.: (B) leaf gall, (C) bud gall, (D-F) On Monimiaceae: (D-E) On Mollinedia glabra (Spreng.) Perkins: (D) bud gall, (E) stem gall, (F) On Mollinedia schottiana (Spreng.) Perkins, leaf gall, (G) On Sorocea guillemiana Gaudich (Moraceae), bud gall, (H) On Myrsine sp. (Myrsinaceae), leaf gall, (I-O) On Myrtaceae: (I-J) On Campomanesia guaviroba (DC.) Kiaersk.: (I) globoid leaf gall, (J) fusiform leaf vein gall, (K-L) On Eugenia laruotteana Cambess.: (K) conical leaf gall, (L) globoid leaf gall, (M-N) On Eugenia prasina O. Berg.: (M) conical leaf gall, (N) fusiform leaf vein gall, (O) On Eugenia sp. 1, leaf gall.

Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Arriola & Melo-Júnior (2016Arriola, Í.A. & Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. 2016. Richness of insect galls on shrub-tree restinga of a coastal plain of southern Brazil. Acta Biológica Catarinense, 3(2): 121-37. https://doi.org/10.21726/abc.v3i2.288.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21726... ) reported these galls on Bertioga (SP) and Babitonga (SC), respectively.

Trichilia silvatica C. DC. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, cylindrical, brown (dried), glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Guapimirim: Poço da Capela (28.III.2022), Caninana (29.III.2022), Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022).

Gall: on apical bud, globoid, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16C). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

Galls on other congeneric species and morphospecies are known from AM (Araújo et al., 2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ), PE (Santos et al., 2011Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (caatinga) of Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Araújo et al., 2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ), MS (Ascendino & Maia, 2018Ascendino, S. & Maia, V.C. 2018. Insect galls of Pantanal areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2): 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), RJ (Maia & Carvalho-Fernandes, 2016Maia, V.C. & Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. 2016. Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Maia & Siqueira, 2020Maia, V.C. & Siqueira, E.S. 2020. Insect galls of the Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 20(1): 1-19. e20190758. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Monimiaceae (n = 3)

Mollinedia glabra (Spreng.) Perkins (n = 2)

Gall: on bud, fusiform to globoid, woody, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16D). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022), Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, woody, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Cecidophagous: Lepidoptera. Trails: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022), Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Mollinedia schottiana (Spreng.) Perkins (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, marginal roll, green, glabrous (Fig. 16F). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Goetz et al. (2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported a bud gall on this plant and Mendonça-Jr. et al. (2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ) three different stem galls, all in RS. Other congeneric species host galls in PE (Santos et al., 2011Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (caatinga) of Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), PR (Santos & Ribeiro, 2015Santos, P.O. & Ribeiro, J.E.L.S. 2015. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em Telêmaco Borba, Paraná, Brasil. Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 36(2): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2015v36n2p15.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5433/... ), and RS (Goetz et al., 2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Moraceae (n = 1)

Sorocea guilleminiana Gaudich (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, rosette, green, imbricated, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16G). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart Catão (27.X.2021, 25.V.2022), Suspensa (26.XI.2021, 23.V.2022), Poço Dois Irmãos (26.XI.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021), Centro de Operações to Camping (28.III.2022).

Araújo et al. (2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ) reported a leaf gall on this plant species in AM. Other species and morphospecies of Sorocea A. St.-Hill. host galls in AM (Julião et al., 2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), PE (Fernandes et al., 2009Fernandes, S.P.C.; Castelo-Branco, B.P.; Albuquerque, F.A.; Ferreira, A.L.N.; Brito-Ramos, A.B.; Braga, D.V.V. & Almeida-Cortez, J. 2009. Galhas entomógenas em um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica no centro de endemismo de Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Biociências , 7(3): 240-244.), and RS (Goetz et al., 2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Myrsinaceae (n = 1)

Myrsine sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16H). Gall-inducer: Lepidoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Several congeneric species host galls as reported by Maia & Fernandes (2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in MG, Maia (2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RJ, Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in SP, Goetz et al. (2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Mendonça-Jr. et al. (2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ) in RS.

Myrtaceae (n = 40)

Campomanesia guaviroba (DC.) Kiaersk. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous, two-chambered (Fig. 16J). Gall-inducer: Clinodiplosis sp. (Cecidomyiidae). Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported the same leaf vein gall in Bertioga (SP). Galls on other congeneric species and morphospecies are known from GO (Araújo et al., 2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), MS (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ), BA (Vieira et al., 2018Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MG (Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Eugenia laruotteana Cambess. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, with trichomes (Fig. 16K). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, extralaminar, red, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Eugenia prasina O. Berg. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, conical, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 16M). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 16N). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Eugenia uniflora L. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, black, glabrous, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: Neolasioptera eugeniae Maia, 1992 (Cecidomyiidae). Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

This same gall morphotype was reported in ES and RJ (Maia, 2021Maia, V.C. 2021. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera, Insecta): richness of species and distribution in Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 21(2): e20201038. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-1038.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Eugenia sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, cylindrical, green, glabrous. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae (Fig. 16O). Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022).

Eugenia sp. 2 (n = 4)

Gall: on young leaf, globoid, intralaminar, red, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 17A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021).

Figure 17
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Myrtaceae: (A-D) On Eugenia sp. 2: (A) leaf gall, (B) bud gall, (C) leaf gall, (D) bud gall, (E-G) On Eugenia sp. 3: (E) leaf vein gall, (F) stem gall, (G) bud gall, (H-I) On Eugenia sp. 4: (H) stem gall, (I) leaf gall, (J-K) On Myrcia sp. 1: (J) intralaminar leaf gall, (K) extralaminar leaf gall, (L) On Myrcia sp. 2, bud gall.

Gall: on apical bud, imbricated, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 17B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Gall: on leaf midvein, globoid, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 17C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

Gall: on apical bud, globoid, woody, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 17D). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

Eugenia sp. 3 (n = 3)

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, brown (dried), glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 17E). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Caninana (24.V.2022).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 17F). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Caninana (24.V.2022).

Gall: on bud, globoid, brown (dried), glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 17G). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Caninana (24.V.2022).

Eugenia sp. 4 (n = 2)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 17H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 17I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Several species and morphospecies of Eugenia host galls as reported by Julião et al. (2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ) in AM, Araújo et al. (2011Araújo, W.S.; Santos, B.B. & Gomes-Klein, V.L. 2011. Insect galls from Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 11: 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ) in GO, Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) and Ascendino & Maia (2018Ascendino, S. & Maia, V.C. 2018. Insect galls of Pantanal areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2): 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in MS, Nogueira et al. (2016Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C. & Santos-Silva, J. 2016. Levantamento de Galhas entomógenas na Serra Geral, Caetité, Bahia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica , 16(1): 1-10, e20150035. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0035.
https://doi.org/1https://doi.org/https:/... ), Vieira et al. (2018Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Silva et al. (2018Silva, E.C.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2018. Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(4): 1-14, e20185804. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) and Santana et al. (2020Santana, C.A.G.S.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S. & Silva, J.S. 2020. Insect galls and their host plants in gallery forest in Bahia State, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 43: 989-998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00641-4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ) in BA, Fernandes et al. (1988Fernandes, G.W.A., Tameirão-Neto, E. & Martins, R.P. 1988. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas na vegetação do Campus Pampulha da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 5(1): 11-29. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751988000100002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 1997Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.), Gonçalves-Alvim & Fernandes (2001Gonçalves-Alvim, S.J. & Fernandes, G.W. 2001. Biodiversity of Gall-inducers: historical, community and habitat effects in four neotropical savannas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016602213305.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/... ), Maia & Fernandes (2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Carneiro et al. (2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Coelho et al. (2009Coelho, M.S.; Almada, E.D.G.; Fernandes, G.W.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Santos, R.M.; Quintino, A.V. & Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. 2009. Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 53(3): 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2013Coelho, M.S.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Branco, C.; Borges, R.A.X. & Fernandes, G.W. 2013. Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 13: 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Luz et al. (2012Luz, G.R.; Fernandes, G.W. & Silva, J.O. 2012. Galhas de insetos em habitats xérico e mésico em região de transição Cerrado-Caatinga no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 7(3): 171-187. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2012.73.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4013/... ), Malves & Frieiro-Costa (2012Malves, K.M. & Frieiro-Costa, F.A. 2012. List of Plants with Galls Induced by Insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List , 8(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), and Maia (2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in MG, Maia (2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Rodrigues et al. (2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Carvalho-Fernandes et al. (2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in RJ, Urso-Guimarães & Scareli-Santos (2006Urso-Guimarães, M.V. & Scareli-Santos, C. 2006. Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 66(1b): 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Ribeiro et al. (2019Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), Saito & Urso-Guimarães (2012Saito, V.S. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2012. Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP). Biota Neotropica , 12: 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300011.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in SP, and Mendonça-Jr. et al. (2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ) in RS.

Myrcia sp. 1 (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green or yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 17J). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Poço Dois Irmãos (26.XI.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Mozart-Catão (25.V.2022); Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, yellow, extralaminar, with trichomes (Fig. 17K). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Myrcia sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, green, glabrous (Fig. 17L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Myrcia sp. 3 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous (Fig. 18A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

Figure 18
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): On Myrtaceae: (A-I) On Myrcia sp. 3, leaf gall, (B) Myrcia sp. 4, leaf gall, (C-D) On Myrciaria disticha O. Berg.: (C) stem gall, (D) leaf gall, (E) On Plinia martinelli G.M. Barroso & M.V. Peron, leaf gall, (F-H) On Siphoeugena sp. 1: (F) cylindrical leaf gall, (G) stem gall, (H) globoid leaf gall, (I) On Siphoeugena sp. 2, bud gall, (J) On Myrtaceae sp. 1, leaf gall, (K) On Myrtaceae sp. 2, stem gall, (L) On Myrtaceae sp. 3, leaf gall.

Myrcia sp. 4 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf midvein, globoid, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 18B). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (27.X.2021).

Galls on congeneric species and morphospecies are known from AM (Araújo et al., 2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ; Julião et al., 2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ; Carvalho & Mota, 2018Carvalho, A.N. & Mota, J.S. 2018. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas em um fragmento florestal em estágio de sucessão ecológica na Amazônia. EntomoBrasilis, 11(2): 118-123. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i2.786.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12741... ), GO (Araújo et al., 2007Araújo, W.S.; Gomes-Klein, V.L. & Santos, B.B. 2007. Galhas entomógenas associadas à vegetação do Parque Estadual da Serra dos Pireneus, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biociências, 5(1): 45-47., 2011Araújo, W.S.; Santos, B.B. & Gomes-Klein, V.L. 2011. Insect galls from Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 11: 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), MS (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Ascendino & Maia, 2018Ascendino, S. & Maia, V.C. 2018. Insect galls of Pantanal areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2): 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), BA (Lima & Calado, 2018Lima, V.P. & Calado, D. 2018. Morphological characterization of insect galls and new records of associated invertebrates in a Cerrado area in Bahia State, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 78(4): 636-643. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.169502.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Silva et al., 2018Silva, E.C.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2018. Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(4): 1-14, e20185804. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ; Santana et al., 2020Santana, C.A.G.S.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S. & Silva, J.S. 2020. Insect galls and their host plants in gallery forest in Bahia State, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 43: 989-998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00641-4.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 1997Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244.; Fernandes et al., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.; Gonçalves-Alvim & Fernandes, 2001Gonçalves-Alvim, S.J. & Fernandes, G.W. 2001. Biodiversity of Gall-inducers: historical, community and habitat effects in four neotropical savannas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016602213305.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/... ; Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Coelho et al., 2009Coelho, M.S.; Almada, E.D.G.; Fernandes, G.W.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Santos, R.M.; Quintino, A.V. & Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. 2009. Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 53(3): 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Malves & Frieiro-Costa, 2012Malves, K.M. & Frieiro-Costa, F.A. 2012. List of Plants with Galls Induced by Insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List , 8(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), RJ (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Urso-Guimarães & Scareli-Santos, 2006Urso-Guimarães, M.V. & Scareli-Santos, C. 2006. Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 66(1b): 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Ribeiro et al., 2019Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ; Saito & Urso-Guimarães, 2012Saito, V.S. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2012. Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP). Biota Neotropica , 12: 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300011.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SC (Melo-Júnior et al., 2018Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002... ), and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Myrciaria disticha O. Berg. (n = 2)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 18C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 18D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

Galls on other congeneric species and morphospecies are known from AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ), BA (Vieira et al., 2018Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.; Maia, 2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), RJ (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2013bMaia, V.C. 2013b. Galhas de insetos em restingas da Região Sudeste do Brasil com novos registros. Biota Neotropica , 13(1): 183-209. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000100021.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Carvalho-Fernandes, 2016Maia, V.C. & Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. 2016. Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Plinia martinelli G.M. Barroso & M.V. Peron (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, marginal roll, green, glabrous (Fig. 18E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Cecidophagous: Lepidoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021).

First gall record on this plant species.

Silva et al. (2018Silva, E.C.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2018. Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(4): 1-14, e20185804. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) reported a bud gall on Plinia peruviana (Poir) in BA.

Siphoneugena sp. 1 (n = 3)

Gall: on leaf, cylindrical, green, with short trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 18F). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 18G). Gall-inducer not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, yellow or red, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 18H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Poço Dois Irmãos (26.XI.2021).

Siphoneugena sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, conical, green, glabrous (Fig. 18I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Toma & Mendonça-Jr. (2013Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported galls on Siphoneugena reitzii D. Legrand in RS.

Myrtaceae sp. 1 (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, marginal roll, green, glabrous. Gall-inducer: Thysanoptera (Fig. 18J). Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021); Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Myrtaceae sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous (Fig. 18K). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

Myrtaceae sp. 3 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green or red, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 18L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022).

Myrtaceae sp. 4 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 19A). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Figure 19
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-E) On Myrtaceae: (A) On Myrtaceae sp. 4, bud gall, (B) On Myrtaceae sp. 5, leaf gall, (C) On Myrtaceae sp. 6, leaf gall, (D) On Myrtaceae sp. 7, leaf gall, (E) On Myrtaceae sp. 8, leaf gall, (F) On Myrtaceae sp. 9, leaf gall, (G-M) On Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz. (Nyctaginaceae), (G) stem gall, (H) stem gall, (I) leaf gall, (J) leaf gall, (K) leaf gall, (L) bud gall, (M) bud gall.

Myrtaceae sp. 5 (n = 2)

Gall: on apical bud, fusiform, brown, woody, glabrous, multichambered. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Gall: on bud, ovoid, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 19B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Myrtaceae sp. 6 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid intralaminar, brown (dried), glabrous (Fig. 19C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Catão-Primavera (25.X.2021), Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Myrtaceae sp. 7 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 19D). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021); Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

Myrtaceae sp. 8 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, claviform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 19E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

Myrtaceae sp. 9 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, conical, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 19F). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

Nyctaginaceae (n = 11)

Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz. (n = 11)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 19G). Gall-inducer: Proasphondylia guapirae Maia, 1993 (Cecidomyiidae). Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Camping to Alojamento (25.IV.2022), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022), Mozart-Catão (25.V.2022).

Gall: on stem, globoid, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 19H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Barragem road (between Camping and Alojamento) (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green or yellow, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 19I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Cachoeira de Papel (14.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, red, with trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 19J). Gall-inducer: Bruggmannia robusta Maia & Couri, 1993 (Cecidomyiidae). Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador (14.IX.2021), Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel (14.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021); Guapimirim: Recanto das Ruínas (28.III.2022), Ponte Velha (29.III.2022), Caninana (29.III.2022), Poço Verde (31.III.2022), Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, yellow, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 19K). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel (14.IX.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador (14.IX.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021).

Gall: on bud and leaf, globoid, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 19L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento) (30.III.2022), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022); Guapimirim: Poço da Capela (28.III.2022), Ponte Velha (29.III.2022), Poço Verde (31.III.2022), Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022), Circular (26.IV.2022), Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022), Alameda Von Spix (25.V. 2022).

Gall: on bud, globoid, green or red, glabrous (Fig. 19M). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021, 24.V.2022), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, conical, intralaminar, green or red, glabrous (Fig. 20A). Gall-inducer: Bruggmannia acaudata Maia, 2004 (Cecidomyiidae). Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021, 24.V.2022), 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021), Barragem road (between Camping and Alojamento) (25.IV.2022), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022).

Figure 20
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-D) On Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz. (Nyctaginaceae): (A) leaf gall, (B) leaf gall, (C) leaf gall, (D) fruit gall, (E) On Fuchsia regia (Vell.) Munz. (Onagraceae), stem gall, (F) On Picramnia glazioviana Engl. (Picramniaceae), bud gall, (G-L) On Piperaceae: (G-I) On Piper anisum (Spreng.) Angely, (G) bud gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) leaf gall, (J) On Piper arboreum Aubl., leaf gall, (K) On Piper cernuum Vell., leaf gall, (L) On Piper pseudopothifolium C. DC., bud gall.

Gall: on leaf, green, globoid, intralaminar, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 20B). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (13.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022); Guapimirim: Recanto das Ruínas (28.III.2022), Poço da Capela (28.III.20220), Ponte Velha (29.III.2022), Poço Verde (31.III.2022), Circular (26.IV.2022), Caninana (24.V.2022), Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022), Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022), Alameda Von Spix (25.V.2022).

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 20C). Gall-inducer: Bruggmannia elongata Maia & Couri, 1993 (Cecidomyiidae). Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022); Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

Gall: on fruit, globoid, green, glabrous (Fig. 20D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

First record of this gall morphotype on G. opposita.

Galls on this plant species have been reported in several states of Brazil: BA (Maia, 2014Maia, V.C. 2014. Insect galls of Itamonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil): characterization and occurrence. Biota Neotropica , 14: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06033839.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Vieira et al., 2018Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), ES (Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.; Maia, 2020Maia, V.C. 2020. Insetos galhadores em áreas de Restinga no Espírito Santo, Brasil. In: Mônico, A.T.; Koch, E.D.; Freitas, J.; Rodrigues, L.N.; Lopes, M.M. & Betzel, R.L. (Eds.). VIII Simpósio sobre a Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica (SIMBIOMA), “Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão: sete décadas conhecendo a biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica”. Anais. Santa Teresa, SIMBIOMA. p. 359-365.), RJ (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2013bMaia, V.C. 2013b. Galhas de insetos em restingas da Região Sudeste do Brasil com novos registros. Biota Neotropica , 13(1): 183-209. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000100021.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Rodrigues et al., 2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Carvalho-Fernandes, 2016Maia, V.C. & Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. 2016. Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Carvalho-Fernandes et al., 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SC (Melo-Júnior et al., 2018Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002... ), and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ; Goetz et al., 2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Onagraceae (n = 1)

Fuchsia regia (Vell.) Munz. (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous (Fig. 20E). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

First record of gall on this plant genus.

Picramniaceae (n = 1)

Picramnia glazioviana Engl. (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, brown, glabrous (Fig. 20F). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

First record of gall on this plant species.

Julião et al. (2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Maia (2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported galls on other congeneric species in AM, SP and MG, respectively.

Piperaceae (n = 13)

Piper anisum (Spreng.) Angely (n = 3)

Gall: on bud, globoid, green or brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 20G). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 20H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Gall: on leaf, marginal roll, green, glabrous (Fig. 20I). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022), Circular (26.IV.2022).

First record of gall on this plant species.

Piper arboreum Aubl. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous (Fig. 20J). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

This gall is known from GO (Araújo et al., 2007Araújo, W.S.; Gomes-Klein, V.L. & Santos, B.B. 2007. Galhas entomógenas associadas à vegetação do Parque Estadual da Serra dos Pireneus, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biociências, 5(1): 45-47., 2011Araújo, W.S.; Santos, B.B. & Gomes-Klein, V.L. 2011. Insect galls from Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 11: 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), ES (Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.), Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Piper cernuum Vell. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf and petiole, globoid, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 20K). Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021, 23.V.2022).

First record of gall on this plant species.

Piper pseudopothifolium C. DC. (n = 1)

Gall: on bud and leaf, globoid, green, glabrous (Fig. 20L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

The gall was previously reported in MG by Maia (2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Piper rioense Yunck. (n = 5)

Gall: on bud, green, glabrous, with several concavities (Fig. 21A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Barragem road (between Primavera entrances) (13.XI.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022).

Figure 21
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-F) On Piperaceae: (A-E) On Piper rioense Yunck.: (A) bud gall, (B) bud gall, (C) leaf gall, (D) leaf petiole gall, (E) leaf gall, (F) On Piper sprengelianum C. DC., leaf petiole gall, (G) On Niphidium crassifolium (L.) Lellinger (Polypodiaceae), leaf gall, (H) On Cybianthus sp. (Primulaceae), leaf vein gall, (I-L) On Rubiaceae: (I) On Bathysa mendoncaei K. Schum, leaf vein gall, (J) On Emmeorhiza umbellata (Spreng.) K. Schum., bud gall, (K-L) On Faramea cf. truncata (Vell.) Müll. Arg.: (K) leaf vein gall, (L) leaf gall.

Gall: on bud, fusiform, green, glabrous, two-chambered (Fig. 21B). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 21C). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022); Guapimirim: Ponte Velha (29.III.2022), Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022), Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022), Alameda Von Spix (25.V. 2022).

Gall: on leaf petiole and vein, fusiform, green, with white trichomes (Fig. 21D). Gall-inducer: Coleoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem road (between Primavera entrances) (15.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021, 25.V.2022), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021), Centro de Operações to Camping (28.III.2022), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, extralaminar, green, with white trichomes (Fig. 21E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

First records of galls on this plant species.

Piper sprengelianum C. DC. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf petiole, fusiform, green, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 21F). Gall-inducer: Coleoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

First record of gall on this plant species.

Piper sp. (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, brown, glabrous, generally gregarious. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Poço Dois Irmãos (26.XI.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022), Suspensa (23.V.2022), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022).

Polypodiaceae (n = 1)

Niphidium crassifolium (L.) Lellinger (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, concave, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 21G). Gall-inducer Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Suspensa (26.XI.2021), Centro de Operações to Camping (28.III.2022).

This gall was previously reported in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Primulaceae (n = 3)

Cybianthus sp. (n = 3)

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform, green, one-chambered, glabrous (Fig. 21H). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Gall: on stem and leaf petiole, globoid, green, glabrous. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, reddish, intralaminar, glabrous. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021).

Other galls are known from this plant genus in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Rubiaceae (n = 29)

Bathysa mendoncaei K. Schum (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf vein, globoid, green, glabrous (Fig. 21I). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

First record of gall on this plant genus.

Emmeorhiza umbellata (Spreng.) K. Schum. (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, rosette, green, glabrous (Fig. 21J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Cachoeira de Papel (14.IX.2021), Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021).

Maia et al. (2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported a different gall on this plant species in SP.

Faramea cf. truncata (Vell.) Müll. Arg. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform to globoid, green or brown, glabrous, one- or multichambered (Fig. 21K). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021), Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021), Mozart-Catão (26.XI.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 21L). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

Maia (2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported a tem gall on Faramea sp. in MG.

Palicourea sessilis (Vell.) C.M. Taylor (n = 4)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, yellow or red, intralaminar, glabrous, smooth, one-chambered (Fig. 22A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Cachoeira Ceci-Peri (13.IX.2021), Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel (14.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021), Poço do Beija-Flor (07.XII.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022); Guapimirim: Recanto das Ruínas (28.III.2022), Poço Verde (31.III.2022), Circular (26.IV.2022), Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022).

Figure 22
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Rubiaceae: (A-D) On Palicourea sessilis (Vell.) C.M. Taylor: (A) leaf gall, (B) leaf gall, (C) stem gall, (D) bud gall, (E) On Psychotria appendiculata Müll. Arg., leaf gall, (F-G) On Psychotria leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl.: (F) leaf gall, (G) leaf gall, (H) On Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl.) Waw, leaf gall, (I-J) On Psychotria pallens Gardner: (I) stem gall, (J) leaf petiole gall, (K-M) On Psychotria suterella Müll. Arg.: (K) leaf gall, (L) stem gall, (M) bud gall, (N) On Psychotria sp. 1, leaf gall.

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green or yellow, with trichomes (Fig. 22B). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

Gall: on stem, globoid to fusiform, green or brown, glabrous, one- or multichambered (Fig. 22C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021); Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

Gall: on bud, globoid, green or brown, glabrous, one- or two-chambered (Fig. 22D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Circular (26.IV.2022), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

First records of galls on this plant species.

Several other species and morphospecies of Palicourea Aubl. host galls as reported by Almada & Fernandes (2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ), Maia (2011Maia, V.C. 2011. Characterization of insect galls, gall makers, and associated fauna of Platô Bacaba (Porto de Trombetas, Pará, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 11: 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000400003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Silva et al. (2011Silva, P.S.D.; Almeida-Santos, B.; Tabarelli, M. & Almeida-Cortez, J.S. 2011. Occurrence of gall complexes along a topographic gradient in an undisturbed lowland forest of Central Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Biociências , 9(2): 133-138. http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/1577.
http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.ph... ), and Araújo et al. (2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ) in AM, Araújo et al. (2011Araújo, W.S.; Santos, B.B. & Gomes-Klein, V.L. 2011. Insect galls from Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 11: 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ) in GO, Fernandes et al. (1997Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.), Maia & Fernandes (2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Carneiro et al. (2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), Coelho et al. (2013Coelho, M.S.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Branco, C.; Borges, R.A.X. & Fernandes, G.W. 2013. Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 13: 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and Maia (2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in MG, and Santos et al. (2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) in PE.

Psychotria appendiculata Müll. Arg. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 22E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

First gall record on this plant species.

Psychotria leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, furrowed, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 22F). Gall-inducer: Dasineura sp. (Cecidomyiidae). Trails: Teresópolis: Cachoeira Ceci-Peri (13.IX.2021), Casa do Pesquisador (13.IX.2021), Primavera (13.IX.2021), Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021, 24.V.2022), Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021, 25.V.2022), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021), Poço Dois Irmãos (26.XI.2021), Centro de Operações to Camping (28.III.2022), Barragem road (between Camping and Alojamento) (25.IV.2022), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento (30.III.2022); Guapimirim: Ponte Velha (29.III.2022), Poço Verde (31.III.2022), Circular (26.IV.2022), Museu Von Martius (27.IV.2022), Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022). This gall was previously recorded in SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Gall on leaf, globoid, extralaminar, brown, with trichomes (Fig. 22G). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

First record of this gall morphotype on P. leiocarpa.

Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl.) Waw (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, brown, with trichomes (Fig. 22H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021, 25.V.2022), Barragem road (between Camping and Alojamento) (25.IV.2022); Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, glabrous. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem road (between Camping and Alojamento) (25.IV.2022).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Psychotria pallens Gardner (n = 2)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous (Fig. 22I). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 22J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Primavera (13.IX.2021), Centro de Operações to Camping (28.III.2022); Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (29.III.2022).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Psychotria suterella Müll. Arg. (n = 3)

Gall: on leaf, conical, green or red, with short trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 22k). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Successors: Thysanoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Cachoeira de Papel (14.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021, 26.XI.2021).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 22L). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

Gall: on bud, globoid, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 22M). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (26.XI.2021).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Psychotria sp. 1 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 22N). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Psychotria sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 23A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Ponte Velha (29.III.2022).

Figure 23
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-J) On Rubiaceae: (A) On Psychotria sp. 2, leaf gall, (B) On Randia armata (Sw.) DC., leaf gall, (C-F) On Rudgea jasminoides (Cham) Müll. Arg.: (C) stem gall, (D) stem gall, (E) leaf vein gall, (F) leaf gall, (G-H) On Rudgea sp. 1, (G) leaf gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) On Rudgea sp. 2, leaf gall, (J) On Rudgea sp. 3, leaf gall, (K-L) On Casearia pauciflora Cambess. (Salicaceae): (K) bud gall, (L) leaf petiole gall.

Galls on other congeneric species and morphospecies are known from AM (Silva et al., 2011Silva, P.S.D.; Almeida-Santos, B.; Tabarelli, M. & Almeida-Cortez, J.S. 2011. Occurrence of gall complexes along a topographic gradient in an undisturbed lowland forest of Central Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Biociências , 9(2): 133-138. http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/1577.
http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.ph... ; Julião et al., 2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 1997Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244.; Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MS (Julião et al., 2002Julião, G.R.; Amaral, M.E.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2002. Galhas de insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense. Naturalia , 27: 47-74.), and SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , Saito & Urso-Guimarães, 2012Saito, V.S. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2012. Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP). Biota Neotropica , 12: 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300011.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Randia armata (Sw.) DC. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 23B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (27.IV.2022).

Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) reported this gall on MS. Silva et al. (2018Silva, E.C.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2018. Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(4): 1-14, e20185804. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ) recorded a stem gall on the same host in BA. Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported a different leaf gall on Randia sp. in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia.

Rudgea jasminoides (Cham.) Müll. Arg. (n = 4)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one or multichambered (Fig. 23C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), Mozart Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021, 25.V.2022), Bosque Santa Helena (26.XI.2021), Poço Dois Irmãos (26.XI.2021); Guapimirim: Circular (26.IV.2022).

Gall: on stem, globoid, green or brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 23D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 23E). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Mozart Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 23F). Gall-inducer not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Circular (27.IV.2022).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Galls on other congeneric species are known from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) and RS (Toma & Mendonça-Jr., 2013Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Rudgea sp. 1 (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 23G). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022); Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Barragem road (between Camping and Alojamento) (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 23H). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022); Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão to Primavera (25.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021). Barragem road (between Camping and Alojamento (25.IV.2022).

Rudgea sp. 2 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 23I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Trilha 360 (26.X.2021), Mozart-Catão (25.V.2022); Guapimirim: Alameda Von Spix (25.V.2022).

Rudgea sp. 3 (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 23J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022).

Salicaceae (n = 3)

Casearia obliqua Spreng. (n = 1)

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform, green, glabrous, two-chambered. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem road (between Primavera entrances) (13.IX.2021).

First gall record on this plant species.

Casearia pauciflora Cambess. (n = 2)

Gall: on bud, cylindrical, green or brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 23K). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021), Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021), Suspensa (25.XI.2021), Barragem road (from Casa do Pesquisador to Alojamento) (30.III.2022).

Gall: on leaf petiole, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 23L). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Other galls were reported in this plant genus in AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ; Maia, 2011Maia, V.C. 2011. Characterization of insect galls, gall makers, and associated fauna of Platô Bacaba (Porto de Trombetas, Pará, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 11: 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000400003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Araújo et al., 2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ; Julião et al., 2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), GO (Araújo et al., 2014Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ), PE (Santos et al., 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MS (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Ascendino & Maia, 2018Ascendino, S. & Maia, V.C. 2018. Insect galls of Pantanal areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2): 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and MG (Fernandes & Negreiros, 2006Fernandes, G.W & Negreiros, D. 2006. A comunidade de insetos galhadores da RPPN Fazenda Bulcão, Aimorés, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Lundiana, 7(2): 111-120. https://doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2006.23075.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35699... ; Coelho et al., 2009Coelho, M.S.; Almada, E.D.G.; Fernandes, G.W.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Santos, R.M.; Quintino, A.V. & Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. 2009. Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 53(3): 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Luz et al., 2012Luz, G.R.; Fernandes, G.W. & Silva, J.O. 2012. Galhas de insetos em habitats xérico e mésico em região de transição Cerrado-Caatinga no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 7(3): 171-187. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2012.73.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4013/... ; Maia, 2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Sapindaceae (n = 15)

Paullinia carpopoda Cambess. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, one-chambered, with trichomes at apex (Fig. 24A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (14.IX.2021), Poço Dois Irmãos (26.XI.2021).

Figure 24
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Sapindaceae: (A-B) On Paullinia carpopoda Cambess.: (A) leaf gall, (B) leaf gall, (C-D) On Paullinia sp.: (C) stem gall, (D) leaf gall, (E-H) On Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd.: (E) leaf vein gall, (F) stem gall, (G) bud gall, (H) stem gall, (I-J) On Serjania corrugata Radlk.: (I) stem gall, (J) leaf gall, (K-L) On Serjania sp.: (K) leaf gall, (L) leaf gall, (M-N) On Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart. (Sapotaceae): (M) bud gall, (N) leaf gall.

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, brown, glabrous (Fig. 24B) Gall-inducer: not determined. Trails: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (14.IX.2021), Poço Dois Irmãos (26.XI.2021).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Paullinia sp. (n = 2)

Gall: on stem, brown, woody, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 24c). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (14.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf, conical, red, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 24D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (14.IX.2021).

Several galls are known on congeneric species or morphospecies in AM (Araújo et al., 2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ), MS (Julião et al., 2002Julião, G.R.; Amaral, M.E.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2002. Galhas de insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense. Naturalia , 27: 47-74.; Ascendino & Maia, 2018Ascendino, S. & Maia, V.C. 2018. Insect galls of Pantanal areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2): 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), PE (Santos et al., 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.; Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), RJ (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Souza, 2013Maia, V.C. & Souza, M.C. 2013. Insect galls of the xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(3): 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300030.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Carvalho-Fernandes, 2016Maia, V.C. & Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. 2016. Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ), and SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd. (n = 4)

Gall: on leaf midvein, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 24E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021). Julião et al. (2002Julião, G.R.; Amaral, M.E.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2002. Galhas de insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense. Naturalia , 27: 47-74.) reported this same gall in MS.

Gall: on stem, unilateral, fusiform, brown, woody, glabrous (Fig. 24F). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on bud, globoid, brown, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 24G). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, woody, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 24H). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Other gall morphotypes were reported by Fernandes et al. (2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.) reported in MG and Urso-Guimarães et al. (2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ) in MS.

Serjania corrugata Radlk. (n = 2)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, woody, brown, with trichomes (Fig. 24I). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, brown (dried), glabrous (Fig. 24J). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

First records of gall on this plant species.

Serjania sp. (n = 3)

Gall: on leaf midvein, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous (Fig. 24K). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Araçari Camping (25.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, conical, green, glabrous, one-chambered. (Fig. 24L). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (13.IX.2021); Guapimirim: Alameda Von Pix to Jucu Camping (25.V.2022.).

Gall: on stem, globoid, brown, glabrous, one-chambered. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Suspensa (25.XI.2021).

Several gall morphotypes are known on congeneric species and morphospecies in AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ; Araújo et al., 2012Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/... ), GO (Araújo et al., 2011Araújo, W.S.; Santos, B.B. & Gomes-Klein, V.L. 2011. Insect galls from Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 11: 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), BA (Vieira et al., 2018Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 1997Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244.; Coelho et al., 2009Coelho, M.S.; Almada, E.D.G.; Fernandes, G.W.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Santos, R.M.; Quintino, A.V. & Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. 2009. Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 53(3): 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Luz et al., 2012Luz, G.R.; Fernandes, G.W. & Silva, J.O. 2012. Galhas de insetos em habitats xérico e mésico em região de transição Cerrado-Caatinga no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 7(3): 171-187. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2012.73.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4013/... ; Costa & Araújo, 2019Costa, K.C.S. & Araújo, W.S. 2019. Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(31): 1-10, e20195931. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.31.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), and SP (Ribeiro et al., 2019Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ; Saito & Urso-Guimarães, 2012Saito, V.S. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2012. Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP). Biota Neotropica , 12: 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300011.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Sapindaceae sp. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Casa do Pesquisador (14.IX.2021).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, brown, glabrous. Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Casa do Pesquisador entrance (07.XII.2021).

Sapotaceae (n = 3)

Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart. (n = 3)

Gall: on bud, globoid to fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 24M). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Guapimirim: Ponte Velha (29.III.2022), Poço Verde (31.III.2022), Circular (26.IV.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 24N). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022).

Gall: on bud, pedunculated, globoid basally, with pointed apex, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 25A). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Mãe d’Água (24.V.2022).

Figure 25
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A) On Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart. (Sapotaceae), bud gall, (B-C) On Smilax fluminensis Steud. (Smilacaceae): (B) leaf gall, (C) leaf vein gall, (D-F) On Solanaceae: (D) On Athenaea fasciculata (Vell.) I.M.C., stem gall, (E) On Solanum piluliferum Dunal, bud gall, (F) On Solanum swartizianum Roem. & Schult., leaf gall, (G-H) On Verbenaceae: (G) On Lantana camara L, leaf gall, (H) On Lantana robusta Schauer, stem gall, (I) On Anchietea pyrifolia (Mart.) G. Don. (Violaceae), stem gall, (J) On Clematicissus striata (Ruiz. & Pav.) Lombardi (Vitaceae), bud gall.

First records of gall on this plant species.

Galls on other congeneric species are known from AM (Julião et al., 2014Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/... ), GO (Araújo et al., 2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), MS (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ), PE (Santos et al., 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and RJ (Carvalho-Fernandes et al., 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Smilacaceae (n = 2)

Smilax fluminensis Steud. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, globoid, intralaminar, green, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 25B). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem road (between Camping and Alojamento) (25.IV.2022), Mozart-Catão (25.V.2022). This gall was reported by Julião et al. (2002Julião, G.R.; Amaral, M.E.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2002. Galhas de insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense. Naturalia , 27: 47-74.) in MS and Araújo et al. (2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ) in GO.

Gall: on leaf vein, fusiform, green, glabrous (Fig. 25C). Gall-inducer: not determined. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (24.V.2022), Mozart Catão (25.V.2022).

Other galls have been reported on different species and morphospecies of Smilax L. in AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ), PE (Santos et al., 2011Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (caatinga) of Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), GO (Araújo et al., 2011Araújo, W.S.; Santos, B.B. & Gomes-Klein, V.L. 2011. Insect galls from Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 11: 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MS (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Ascendino & Maia, 2018Ascendino, S. & Maia, V.C. 2018. Insect galls of Pantanal areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2): 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MG (Maia & Fernandes, 2004Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Coelho et al., 2009Coelho, M.S.; Almada, E.D.G.; Fernandes, G.W.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Santos, R.M.; Quintino, A.V. & Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. 2009. Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 53(3): 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Malves & Frieiro-Costa, 2012Malves, K.M. & Frieiro-Costa, F.A. 2012. List of Plants with Galls Induced by Insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List , 8(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ; Maia, 2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), RJ (Maia, 2013bMaia, V.C. 2013b. Galhas de insetos em restingas da Região Sudeste do Brasil com novos registros. Biota Neotropica , 13(1): 183-209. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000100021.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Carvalho-Fernandes, 2016Maia, V.C. & Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. 2016. Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ), SP (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2003Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Bonifácio-Silva, A.C. 2003. Occurrence and characterization of entomogen galls in plants from natural vegetation areas in Delfinópolis, MG, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 63(4): 705-715. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000400018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Urso-Guimarães & Scareli-Santos, 2006Urso-Guimarães, M.V. & Scareli-Santos, C. 2006. Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 66(1b): 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200018.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Ribeiro et al., 2019Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), and RS (Mendonça-Jr. et al., 2014Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

Solanaceae (n = 4)

Athenaea fasciculata (Vell.) I.M.C. Rodrigues (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, green, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 25D). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (24.V.2022), Cartão Postal (24.V.2022).

First gall record on this plant genus.

Solanum piluliferum Dunal (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, green, with brown trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 25E). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Mozart-Catão (27.X.2021).

Maia & Mascarenhas (2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ) reported other galls on this plant species in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia.

Solanum swartzianum Roem. & Schult. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, lenticular, green, glabrous, one-chambered. Trail: Guapimirim: Ponte Velha (29.III.2022).

Gall: on leaf, globoid, green, with trichomes (Fig. 25F). Gall-inducer: Ceciodmyiidae. Trail: Guapimirim: Poço Verde (31.III.2022).

Several galls have been reported in congeneric species and morphospecies in AM (Almada & Fernandes, 2011Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357... ), GO (Araújo et al., 2015Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/... ), MG (Fernandes et al., 2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.; Fernandes & Negreiros, 2006Fernandes, G.W & Negreiros, D. 2006. A comunidade de insetos galhadores da RPPN Fazenda Bulcão, Aimorés, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Lundiana, 7(2): 111-120. https://doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2006.23075.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35699... ; Malves & Frieiro-Costa, 2012Malves, K.M. & Frieiro-Costa, F.A. 2012. List of Plants with Galls Induced by Insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List , 8(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560... ; Maia 2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2014Maia, V.C. 2014. Insect galls of Itamonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil): characterization and occurrence. Biota Neotropica , 14: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06033839.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MS (Urso-Guimarães et al., 2017Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... , ES (Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.), Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), RJ (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Oliveira & Maia, 2005Oliveira, J.C. & Maia, V.C. 2005. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas de insetos na restinga de Grumari (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 63(4): 669-675.; Rodrigues et al., 2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Carvalho-Fernandes et al., 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Siqueira, 2020Maia, V.C. & Siqueira, E.S. 2020. Insect galls of the Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 20(1): 1-19. e20190758. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), SP (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), PR (Santos & Ribeiro, 2015Santos, P.O. & Ribeiro, J.E.L.S. 2015. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em Telêmaco Borba, Paraná, Brasil. Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 36(2): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2015v36n2p15.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5433/... ), SC (Arriola & Melo-Júnior, 2016Arriola, Í.A. & Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. 2016. Richness of insect galls on shrub-tree restinga of a coastal plain of southern Brazil. Acta Biológica Catarinense, 3(2): 121-37. https://doi.org/10.21726/abc.v3i2.288.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21726... ), and RS (Toma & Mendonça-Jr., 2013Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Verbenaceae (n = 3)

Lantana camara L. (n = 2)

Gall: on leaf, cylindrical, green with reddish apex, with green trichomes, one-chambered (Fig. 25G). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira do Papel entrance (14.IX.2021). This gall was previously reported by Fernandes et al. (2001Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.) in MG.

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous. Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Parasitoids: Hymenoptera. Trail: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira do Papel entrance (14.IX.2021). This gall was already known from PE (Santos et al., 2011Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (caatinga) of Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MG (Maia, 2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), RJ (Rodrigues et al., 2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Carvalho-Fernandes, 2016Maia, V.C. & Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. 2016. Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Carvalho-Fernandes et al., 2016Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Siqueira, 2020Maia, V.C. & Siqueira, E.S. 2020. Insect galls of the Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 20(1): 1-19. e20190758. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), PB and RN (Marinho et al., 2023Marinho, R.A.; Maia, V.C. & Barbosa, M.R.V. 2023. Entomogenous galls and their associated fauna in deciduous dry forest and woodland vegetation remnants (Caatinga) in the Northern Depressão Sertaneja, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 23(1): 1-11, e20221428. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1428.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Lantana robusta Schauer (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 25H). Gall-inducer: not determined. Trail: Teresópolis: Cartão Postal (15.IX.2021).

First gall record on this plant genus.

Violaceae (n = 1)

Anchietea pyrifolia (Mart.) G. Don. (n = 1)

Gall: on stem, fusiform, brown or red, glabrous, one-chambered (Fig. 25I). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trails: Teresópolis: Barragem to Cachoeira de Papel entrance (14.IX.2021), 360 (26.X.2021).

First gall record on this plant genus.

Vitaceae (n = 1)

Clematicissus striata (Ruiz. & Pav.) Lombardi (n = 1)

Gall: on bud, globoid, green, glabrous, multichambered (Fig. 25J). Gall-inducer: Cecidomyiidae. Trail: Teresópolis: Cachoeira do Papel (14.IX.2021).

First gall record on this plant genus.

Galls on other genera of Vitaceae, Cissus L. and Rinorea Aubl. are known. The former from AL (Marinho et al., 2023Marinho, R.A.; Maia, V.C. & Barbosa, M.R.V. 2023. Entomogenous galls and their associated fauna in deciduous dry forest and woodland vegetation remnants (Caatinga) in the Northern Depressão Sertaneja, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 23(1): 1-11, e20221428. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1428.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), GO (Silva et al., 2018Silva, E.C.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2018. Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(4): 1-14, e20185804. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), MS (Julião et al., 2002Julião, G.R.; Amaral, M.E.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2002. Galhas de insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense. Naturalia , 27: 47-74.), Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), MG (Costa & Araújo, 2019Costa, K.C.S. & Araújo, W.S. 2019. Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(31): 1-10, e20195931. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.31.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606... ), and RS (Goetz et al., 2018Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ), and the latter from PE (Santos et al., 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

DISCUSSION

We found 290 morphotypes of insect galls in the PARNASO. Other inventories in Atlantic forest areas have been recorded between from 15 to and 406 gall morphotypes (Table 10). Among them, PARNASO ranks second in gall richness. Several factors can explain this large variation: authors investigated different phytophysiognomies and adopted different sampling methodologies; study areas differed in total size, from short fragments to large protected forests; sampled areas differed in size, as well as the sampling frequency, total sampling time, and number of colletors, which resulted in different collection efforts.

Thumbnail
Table 10
Insect gall richness in inventories in forest formations of the Atlantic forest.

All super host taxa pointed out in the present study were already known from previous inventories in forest formations of the Atlantic forest, except Rubiaceae (Table 11). The high gall richness of the families Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae and genera Mikania (Asteraceae), Miconia (Melastomataceae) and Eugenia (Myrtaceae) can be explained by their high richness of species as the plant richness hypothesis predicts (Southwood, 1960Southwood, T.R.E. 1960. The abundance of the Hawaiian trees and the number of their associated insect species. Proceedings of the Hawaii Entomological Society, 17(2): 299-303., 1961Southwood, T.R.E. 1961. The number of insect associated with various trees. Journal of Animal Ecology, 30: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/... ). Guapira opposita highlights in several inventories in restinga and forest formation areas as the plant species with the greatest richness of gall (Santos et al., 2012Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia, 2013aMaia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Souza, 2013Maia, V.C. & Souza, M.C. 2013. Insect galls of the xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(3): 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300030.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.; Rodrigues et al., 2014Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Arriola & Melo-Júnior, 2016Arriola, Í.A. & Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. 2016. Richness of insect galls on shrub-tree restinga of a coastal plain of southern Brazil. Acta Biológica Catarinense, 3(2): 121-37. https://doi.org/10.21726/abc.v3i2.288.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21726... ; and Melo-Júnior et al., 2018Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002... ). No explanation has been proposed for this, but as G. opposita has a wide geographic distribution and abundant populations, such gall richness could be related to these facts, as predicted by the geographic area and resource concentration hypotheses (Southwood, 1960Southwood, T.R.E. 1960. The abundance of the Hawaiian trees and the number of their associated insect species. Proceedings of the Hawaii Entomological Society, 17(2): 299-303.; Root, 1973Root, R.B. 1973. Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleraceae). Ecological Monographs, 43(1): 95-124. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942161.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/... ).

Thumbnail
Table 11
Plant families, genera and species with the highest insect gall richness in inventories in forest formations of the Atlantic forest.

Data on origin, geographic distribution and conservation status of the host plants are important since gall-inducing species are generally species-specific (Carneiro et al., 2009Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Their distribution depends first of all on the host plant distribution. Furthermore, if they are associated with endemic hosts, they are co-endemic. In the same way, if they are associated with endangered or near threathned hosts, they are co-endangered or co-near threathned. We highlight that PARNASO shelters 69 gall-inducing species endemic to Brazil, 23 of which occur only in the Atlantic forest. Furthermore PARNASO is home to at least 12 unknown gall-inducing species with some degree of threat.

Most galls occurred on leaves. This pattern has been reported in almost all Brazilian inventories, probably because leaves are abundant, frequent, with high levels of nutritional reserves, and more plastic than other plant organs (Castro et al., 2012Castro, A.C.; Oliveira, D.C.; Moreira, A.S.F.P.; Lemos-Filho, J.P & Isaias, R.M.S. 2012. Source-sink relationship and photosynthesis in the horn-shaped gall and its host plant Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae). South African Journal of Botany, 83: 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.08.007.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Isaias et al., 2013Isaias, R.M.S.; Carneiro, R.G.S.; Oliveira, D.C. & Santos, J.C. 2013. Illustrated and annotated checklist of Brazilian gall morphotypes. Neotropical Entomology, 42(3): 230-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0115-7.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ).

The predominance of globoid shape, green color, and glabrous surface confirm the pattern found in other inventories in dense ombrophilous forest areas in Brazil (Maia et al., 2014Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.; Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Globoid galls occurred mainly on leaves while fusiform galls on stems and veins. These shapes are related to patterns of cell division and directions of elongation, which differ between leaves and stems (Oliveira & Isaias, 2010Oliveira, D.C. & Isaias, R.M.S. 2010. Redifferentiation of leaflet tissues during midrib gall development in Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae). South African Journal of Botany , 76: 239-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.10.011.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ). Ten gall morphotypes varied in shape. These variations can be explained by the stage of gall development (Santos et al., 2019Santos, D.S.S.; Maia, V.C. & Calado, D. 2019. Insect galls on Bauhinia cupulata (Fabaceae): morphotypes characterization and description of a new species of Schizomyia (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 63(4): 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.07.002.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ), sex of the inducer (Gonçalves et al., 2005Gonçalves, S.J.M.R.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Vale, F.H.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2005. Sexual dimorphism of Pseudotectococcus rolliniae Hodgson & Gonçalves 2004 (Hemiptera: Coccoidea Eriococcidae) infuences gall morphology on Rollinia laurifolia Schltdl. (Annonaceae). Tropical Zoology, 18(2): 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2005.10531219.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/... , 2022Gonçalves, P.H.P.; Rezende, U.C.; Bomfim, P.M.S.; Maia, V.C. & Oliveira, D.C. 2022. Sexually dimorphic galls induced on leafets of Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae): a rare phenomenon occurring in Diptera (Cecidomyiidae). The Science of Nature, 109: 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-021-01777-3.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ) and/or presence of inquilines (Luz & Mendonça-Jr., 2019Luz, F.A. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2019. Guilds in insect galls: who is who. The Florida Entomologist, 102(1): 207-210. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0133.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1653/... ). Most galls displayed the same color of the host plant organ. Green color indicates the presence of chlorophyll, which can be an advantage, since it enables photosynthetic activity. Some galls varied in color. This variation can be related to the gall maturation stage, plant organ or light exposition (Lev-Yadun, 2016Lev-Yadun, S. 2016. Defensive (anti-herbivory) coloration in land plants. Zug, Switzerland, Springer International. 849p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... ). Deiscent galls are generally brown. Most galls were glabrous, while few had trichomes. Trichomes play a protective role against water loss and attack by predators and parasites (Stone & Schönrogge, 2003Stone, G.N. & Schönrogge, K. 2003. The adaptive significance of insect gall morphology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18(10): 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00247-7.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ). In the present study, galls were collected in forest formations with high humidity, so in areas with low chances of desiccation. Furthermore, our results pointed out a low frequency of parasitoids and predators, indicating that these guilds probably have little significant impact on gall morphology.

Galls were induced mainly by Cecidomyiidae, the most diverse and frequent gall-inducers in all zoogeographic regions (Gagné, 1994Gagné, R.J. 1994. The Gall Midges of the Neotropical Region. Ithaca, Cornell University Press. 352p.). The secondary fauna included parasitoids, successors, cecidophagous, and predators. Parasitoids were the most frequent, being reported in 20.0% of the gall morphotypes (Table 12). In other inventories in forest formations of Atlantic forest, the frequency varies from 6% to 22.9%, so the value reported in PARNASO is included in this range and can be considered as one of the highest. But when compared to inventories in restinga areas, this value is low (Table 12). Successors were represented by Collembola, Hemiptera and Thysanoptera, cecidophagous only by Lepidoptera, and predators only by spiders. In other inventories, Acari, Araneae, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Coleoptera, Collembola, and Formicidae were cited as successors, Pseudoscorpiones and Diptera as predators, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Thysanoptera as cecidophagous (Maia, 2020Maia, V.C. 2020. Insetos galhadores em áreas de Restinga no Espírito Santo, Brasil. In: Mônico, A.T.; Koch, E.D.; Freitas, J.; Rodrigues, L.N.; Lopes, M.M. & Betzel, R.L. (Eds.). VIII Simpósio sobre a Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica (SIMBIOMA), “Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão: sete décadas conhecendo a biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica”. Anais. Santa Teresa, SIMBIOMA. p. 359-365.; Maia & Silva, 2021Maia, V.C. & Silva, B.G. 2021. Insect galls of the Brazilian Cerrado: associated fauna. Biota Neotropica , 21(3): 1-19, e20211202. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2021-1202.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ). Therefore the secondary fauna of PARNASO is little diverse in relation to taxonomic groups. All taxa reported in PARNASO as secondary fauna were already cited in other inventories in Atlantic Forest areas (Ansaloni et al., 2018Ansaloni, L.S.; Salmazo, J.R. & Guimarães, M.V.U. 2018. Entomogen galls in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest area in Sorocaba, Southeast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 18(4): e20180523. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0523.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ; Maia & Carvalho-Fernandes, 2016Maia, V.C. & Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. 2016. Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... ; Maia & Mascarenhas, 2017Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2022Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2022. Insect galls from the Serra Negra do Funil Natural Heritage Private Reserve, Rio Preto, MG (Southeastern Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 94(4): 1-22, e2020900. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220200900.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... ).

Thumbnail
Table 12
Frequency of parasitoids in insect galls in inventories in forest formations and restinga areas of the Atlantic forest.

Bruggmannia acaudata, B. elongata, B. robusta, Clusiamyia nitida, Neolasioptera eugeniae, Proasphondylia guapirae, Sphaeromyia flava are recorded for the first time in PARNASO, as well as the genera Clinodiplosis Kieffer, 1894; Dasineura Rondani, 1840 and Neolasioptera Felt, 1908.

CONCLUSIONS

PARNASO hosts a great richness of galls. It has the second highest recorded gall richness in the Atlantic forest. The super host taxa indicated in the present study were the same indicated in other inventories in forest formations of the Atlantic forest, except Rubiaceae. PARNASO includes 148 native gall-inducing species, being 69 endemic; among the last 23 are exclusive to the Atlantic forest. Eight gall-inducing species are endangered and four are near threathned. The gall frequency on host plant organs followed the known pattern, as well as the most frequent gall morphology and gall-inducing taxa. The secondary fauna frequency in PARNASO is high when compared to other areas of forest formation. Seven gall midge species are recorded for the first time in this Park. This study contributed to the knowledge of the gall-inducing fauna of an important protection area of Atlantic forest.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank the staff of the PARNASO for using the Park’s infrastructure and the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) for the laboratory structure.

REFERENCES

  • Almada, E.D. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Insetos indutores de galhas em florestas de terra firme e em reflorestamentos com espécies nativas na Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-Ciências Naturais, 6(2): 163-196. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i2.620
  • Ansaloni, L.S.; Salmazo, J.R. & Guimarães, M.V.U. 2018. Entomogen galls in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest area in Sorocaba, Southeast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 18(4): e20180523. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0523.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0523
  • Araújo, W.S.; Gomes-Klein, V.L. & Santos, B.B. 2007. Galhas entomógenas associadas à vegetação do Parque Estadual da Serra dos Pireneus, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biociências, 5(1): 45-47.
  • Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Jorge, V.A. & Espírito-Santo, K. 2012. Plantas hospedeiras e galhas entomógenas em sub-bosques de florestas tropicais do Pará, Brasil. Insula Boletim do Horto Botânico, 41: 59-72. https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5007/2178-4574.2012n41p59
  • Araújo, W.S.; Porfírio-Júnior, E.D.; Ribeiro, B.A.; Silva, T.M.; Silva, E.C.; Guilherme, F.A.G.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Santos, B.B. 2015. Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest region of Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3: e6835. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6835
  • Araújo, W.S.; Santos, B.B. & Gomes-Klein, V.L. 2011. Insect galls from Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 11: 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200034
  • Araújo, W.S.; Sobral, F.L. & Maracahipes, L. 2014. Insect galls of the Parque Nacional das Emas (Mineiros, GO, Brazil). Check List, 10(6): 1445-1451. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1445
  • Arriola, Í.A. & Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. 2016. Richness of insect galls on shrub-tree restinga of a coastal plain of southern Brazil. Acta Biológica Catarinense, 3(2): 121-37. https://doi.org/10.21726/abc.v3i2.288.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21726/abc.v3i2.288
  • Arriola, Í.A.; Melo-Júnior, J.C.F. & Isaias, R.M.S. 2015. Questioning the environmental stress hypothesis for gall diversity of restinga vegetation on dunes. Revista de Biología Tropical, 63(4): 959-970. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i4.17866.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i4.17866
  • Ascendino, S. & Maia, V.C. 2018. Insect galls of Pantanal areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2): 1543-1564. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170535
  • Bergamini, B.A.R.; Bergamini, L.L.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2017. Occurrence and characterization of insect galls in the Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 57(32): 413-431. https://doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.32.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.32
  • Bregonci, J.M.; Polycarpo, P.V. & Maia, V.C. 2010. Galhas de insetos do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha (Guarapari, ES, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 10(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100023.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100023
  • Carneiro, M.A.A.; Borges, R.A.X.; Araújo, A.P.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2009. Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53(4): 570-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000400007
  • Carvalho, A.N. & Mota, J.S. 2018. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas em um fragmento florestal em estágio de sucessão ecológica na Amazônia. EntomoBrasilis, 11(2): 118-123. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i2.786.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i2.786
  • Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P.; Ascendino, S.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2016. Diversity of insect galls associated with coastal shrub vegetation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 88(3): 1407-1418. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150658
  • Castro, A.C.; Oliveira, D.C.; Moreira, A.S.F.P.; Lemos-Filho, J.P & Isaias, R.M.S. 2012. Source-sink relationship and photosynthesis in the horn-shaped gall and its host plant Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae). South African Journal of Botany, 83: 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.08.007.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.08.007
  • Coelho, M.S.; Almada, E.D.G.; Fernandes, G.W.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Santos, R.M.; Quintino, A.V. & Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A. 2009. Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 53(3): 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262009000300015
  • Coelho, M.S.; Carneiro, M.A.A.; Branco, C.; Borges, R.A.X. & Fernandes, G.W. 2013. Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 13: 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400015.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400015
  • Costa, K.C.S. & Araújo, W.S. 2019. Distribution of gall-inducing arthropods in areas of deciduous seasonal forest of Parque da Sapucaia (Montes Claros, MG, Brazil): effects of anthropization, vegetation structure and seasonality. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(31): 1-10, e20195931. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.31.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.31
  • Fernandes, G.W & Negreiros, D. 2006. A comunidade de insetos galhadores da RPPN Fazenda Bulcão, Aimorés, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Lundiana, 7(2): 111-120. https://doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2006.23075.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2006.23075
  • Fernandes, G.W.A., Tameirão-Neto, E. & Martins, R.P. 1988. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas na vegetação do Campus Pampulha da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 5(1): 11-29. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751988000100002.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751988000100002
  • Fernandes, G.W.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Paula, A.S.; Loyola-Júnior, R. & Cornelissen, T.G. 1997. Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia, 22: 221-244.
  • Fernandes, G.W.; Julião, G.R.; Araújo, R.C.; Araújo, S.C.; Lombardi, J.A.; Negreiros, D. & Carneiro, M.A. 2001. Distribution and morphology of insect galls the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia , 26: 211-244.
  • Fernandes, S.P.C.; Castelo-Branco, B.P.; Albuquerque, F.A.; Ferreira, A.L.N.; Brito-Ramos, A.B.; Braga, D.V.V. & Almeida-Cortez, J. 2009. Galhas entomógenas em um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica no centro de endemismo de Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Biociências , 7(3): 240-244.
  • Flor, I.C. 2020. Galhas entomógenas em três fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no extremo Sul Catarinense, Brasil. Entomological Communications, 2: 1-4, ec02017 https://doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec02017.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec02017
  • Flor, I.C.; Flor, J.C. & Furtado, P.S.N. 2018 Insect galls of the Floresta da Cicuta (Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(24): 1-12, e20185824. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.24.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.24
  • Flora e Funga do Brasil (REFLORA). 2023. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available: Available: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br . Access: 25/04/2023.
    » http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br
  • Gagné, R.J. 1994. The Gall Midges of the Neotropical Region. Ithaca, Cornell University Press. 352p.
  • Goetz, A.P.M.; Luz, F.A.; Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2018. Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica, 108: 1-11, e2018015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2018015
  • Gonçalves, P.H.P.; Rezende, U.C.; Bomfim, P.M.S.; Maia, V.C. & Oliveira, D.C. 2022. Sexually dimorphic galls induced on leafets of Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae): a rare phenomenon occurring in Diptera (Cecidomyiidae). The Science of Nature, 109: 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-021-01777-3.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-021-01777-3
  • Gonçalves, S.J.M.R.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Vale, F.H.A. & Fernandes, G.W. 2005. Sexual dimorphism of Pseudotectococcus rolliniae Hodgson & Gonçalves 2004 (Hemiptera: Coccoidea Eriococcidae) infuences gall morphology on Rollinia laurifolia Schltdl. (Annonaceae). Tropical Zoology, 18(2): 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2005.10531219.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2005.10531219
  • Gonçalves-Alvim, S.J. & Fernandes, G.W. 2001. Biodiversity of Gall-inducers: historical, community and habitat effects in four neotropical savannas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016602213305.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016602213305
  • Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2023. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos. Available: Available: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/parnaserradosorgaos . Access: 25/04/2023.
    » http://www.icmbio.gov.br/parnaserradosorgaos
  • Isaias, R.M.S.; Carneiro, R.G.S.; Oliveira, D.C. & Santos, J.C. 2013. Illustrated and annotated checklist of Brazilian gall morphotypes. Neotropical Entomology, 42(3): 230-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0115-7.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-013-0115-7
  • Julião, G.R.; Amaral, M.E.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2002. Galhas de insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense. Naturalia , 27: 47-74.
  • Julião, G.R.; Venticinque, E.M.; Fernandes, G.W. & Price, P.W. 2014. Unexpected high diversity of Gall-inducers in the Amazonian upper canopy: the savana out there. Plos One, 9(12): e114986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114986
  • Lev-Yadun, S. 2016. Defensive (anti-herbivory) coloration in land plants. Zug, Switzerland, Springer International. 849p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7
  • Lima, E.S.; Magenta, M.A.G.; Kraus, J.E.; Vechi, C. & Martins, S.E. 2000. Levantamento preliminar de galhas entomógenas ocorrentes em plantas das restingas de Bertioga (SP). In: Simpósio de Ecossistemas Brasileiros, 5º. Anais. Vitória, ACIESP. v. 3, p. 39-46. (Publicação ACIESP, 109)
  • Lima, V.P. & Calado, D. 2018. Morphological characterization of insect galls and new records of associated invertebrates in a Cerrado area in Bahia State, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 78(4): 636-643. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.169502.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.169502
  • Luz, F.A. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2019. Guilds in insect galls: who is who. The Florida Entomologist, 102(1): 207-210. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0133.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0133
  • Luz, G.R.; Fernandes, G.W. & Silva, J.O. 2012. Galhas de insetos em habitats xérico e mésico em região de transição Cerrado-Caatinga no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 7(3): 171-187. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2012.73.04.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2012.73.04
  • Maia, V.C. 1996. Clusiamyia nitida gen. n. e sp. n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Cecidomyiidi) associada com Clusia lanceolata Camb. (Clusiaceae) no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 13(4): 829-832. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751996000400003.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751996000400003
  • Maia, V.C. 2001. The gallmidges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia , 18(2): 583-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028
  • Maia, V.C. 2011. Characterization of insect galls, gall makers, and associated fauna of Platô Bacaba (Porto de Trombetas, Pará, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 11: 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000400003.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000400003
  • Maia, V.C. 2013a. Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(4): 164-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000400017
  • Maia, V.C. 2013b. Galhas de insetos em restingas da Região Sudeste do Brasil com novos registros. Biota Neotropica , 13(1): 183-209. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000100021.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000100021
  • Maia, V.C. 2014. Insect galls of Itamonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil): characterization and occurrence. Biota Neotropica , 14: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06033839.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06033839
  • Maia, V.C. 2020. Insetos galhadores em áreas de Restinga no Espírito Santo, Brasil. In: Mônico, A.T.; Koch, E.D.; Freitas, J.; Rodrigues, L.N.; Lopes, M.M. & Betzel, R.L. (Eds.). VIII Simpósio sobre a Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica (SIMBIOMA), “Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão: sete décadas conhecendo a biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica”. Anais. Santa Teresa, SIMBIOMA. p. 359-365.
  • Maia, V.C. 2021. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera, Insecta): richness of species and distribution in Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 21(2): e20201038. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-1038.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-1038
  • Maia, V.C. 2022. A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pleroma raddianum, an endemic plant to Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 62(62): 1-10. e202262062. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.062.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.062
  • Maia, V.C. & Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. 2016. Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 60: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.09.001
  • Maia, V.C. & Fernandes, G.W. 2004. Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 64(3A): 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000300007
  • Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2017. Insect Galls of the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Southeast Region, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 89(1): 505-575. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160877
  • Maia, V.C. & Mascarenhas, B. 2022. Insect galls from the Serra Negra do Funil Natural Heritage Private Reserve, Rio Preto, MG (Southeastern Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 94(4): 1-22, e2020900. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220200900.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220200900
  • Maia, V.C. & Silva, L.O. 2016. Insect galls of restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ). Brazilian Journal of Biology , 73(6): 787-795. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.05314.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.05314
  • Maia, V.C. & Silva, B.G. 2021. Insect galls of the Brazilian Cerrado: associated fauna. Biota Neotropica , 21(3): 1-19, e20211202. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2021-1202.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2021-1202
  • Maia, V.C. & Siqueira, E.S. 2020. Insect galls of the Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 20(1): 1-19. e20190758. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0758
  • Maia, V.C. & Souza, M.C. 2013. Insect galls of the xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 13(3): 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300030.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300030
  • Maia, V.C.; Cardoso, L.J.T. & Braga, J.M.A. 2014. Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 33(1): 47-129.
  • Maia, V.C.; Magenta, M.A.G. & Martins, E.M. 2008. Ocorrência e Caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica , 8(1): 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020
  • Malves, K.M. & Frieiro-Costa, F.A. 2012. List of Plants with Galls Induced by Insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão Biological Reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List , 8(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.426
  • Marinho, R.A.; Maia, V.C. & Barbosa, M.R.V. 2023. Entomogenous galls and their associated fauna in deciduous dry forest and woodland vegetation remnants (Caatinga) in the Northern Depressão Sertaneja, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 23(1): 1-11, e20221428. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1428.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1428
  • Melo-Júnior, J.C.F.; Isaias, R.M.S.; Boeger, M.R.T.; Arriola, I.A. & Silva, M.M. 2018. Diversidade de galhadores nas restingas da baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista CEPSUL: Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 7: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol7.668eb2018003
  • Mendonça-Jr., M.S.; Toma, T.S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2014. Galls and Galling Arthropods of Southern Brazil. In: Neotropical Insect Galls (G.W. Fernandes & J.C. Santos, Eds.). London, Springer. p. 221-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_14
  • Monteiro, R.F.; Ferraz, F.F.F.; Maia, V.C. & Azevedo, M.A.P. 1994. Galhas entomógenas em restingas: uma abordagem preliminar. Anais da Academia de Ciências do Estado de São Paulo, 3(87): 210-220.
  • Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C. & Santos-Silva, J. 2016. Levantamento de Galhas entomógenas na Serra Geral, Caetité, Bahia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica , 16(1): 1-10, e20150035. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0035.
    » https://doi.org/1» https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0035
  • Oliveira, D.C. & Isaias, R.M.S. 2010. Redifferentiation of leaflet tissues during midrib gall development in Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae). South African Journal of Botany , 76: 239-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.10.011.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.10.011
  • Oliveira, J.C. & Maia, V.C. 2005. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas de insetos na restinga de Grumari (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 63(4): 669-675.
  • Ribeiro, A.N.; Balbi, M.I.P.A. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2019. Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 59(4): 1-9, e20195904. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.04
  • Rodrigues, A.R.; Maia, V.C. & Couri, M.S. 2014. Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 58(2): 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262014000200010
  • Root, R.B. 1973. Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleraceae). Ecological Monographs, 43(1): 95-124. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942161.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1942161
  • Saito, V.S. & Urso-Guimarães, M.V. 2012. Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP). Biota Neotropica , 12: 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300011.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300011
  • Santana, C.A.G.S.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S. & Silva, J.S. 2020. Insect galls and their host plants in gallery forest in Bahia State, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 43: 989-998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00641-4.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00641-4
  • Santos, B.B.; Ferreira, H.D. & Araújo, W.S. 2010. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas em uma área de floresta estacional semidecídua em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasílica, 24(1): 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062010000100026.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062010000100026
  • Santos, D.S.S.; Maia, V.C. & Calado, D. 2019. Insect galls on Bauhinia cupulata (Fabaceae): morphotypes characterization and description of a new species of Schizomyia (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 63(4): 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.07.002.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.07.002
  • Santos, I.M.; Lima, V.P.; Soares, E.K.S; Paula, M. & Calado, D.C. 2018. Insect galls in three species of Copaifera L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioidea) occurring simpatrically in a Cerrado area (Bahia, Brazil). Biota Neotropica , 18(1): e20170356. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0356.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0356
  • Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2011. Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (caatinga) of Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 55: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262011000100009
  • Santos, J.C.; Almeida-Cortez, J.S. & Fernandes, G.W. 2012. Gall-inducing insects from Atlantic forest of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 12: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032012000300020
  • Santos, P.O. & Ribeiro, J.E.L.S. 2015. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em Telêmaco Borba, Paraná, Brasil. Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 36(2): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2015v36n2p15.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2015v36n2p15
  • Silva, A.R.F.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Santos-Silva, J. 2018. Occurrence and characterization of entomogenic galls in an area of Cerrado sensu stricto and Gallery forest of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 90(3): 2903-2919. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170522.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170522
  • Silva, P.S.D.; Almeida-Santos, B.; Tabarelli, M. & Almeida-Cortez, J.S. 2011. Occurrence of gall complexes along a topographic gradient in an undisturbed lowland forest of Central Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Biociências , 9(2): 133-138. http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/1577
    » http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/1577
  • Silva, E.C.; Santos, B.B. & Araújo, W.S. 2018. Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia , 58(4): 1-14, e20185804. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04
  • Southwood, T.R.E. 1960. The abundance of the Hawaiian trees and the number of their associated insect species. Proceedings of the Hawaii Entomological Society, 17(2): 299-303.
  • Southwood, T.R.E. 1961. The number of insect associated with various trees. Journal of Animal Ecology, 30: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2109
  • Stone, G.N. & Schönrogge, K. 2003. The adaptive significance of insect gall morphology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18(10): 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00247-7.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00247-7
  • Toma, T.S.P. & Mendonça-Jr., M.S. 2013. Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 57(2): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000001
  • Urso-Guimarães, M.V. & Scareli-Santos, C. 2006. Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 66(1b): 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200018.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200018
  • Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Castello, A.C.D.; Kataoka, E.Y. & Koch, I. 2017. Characterization of entomogen galls from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia , 61(1): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.08.002
  • Urso-Guimarães, M.V.; Scareli-Santos, C. & Bonifácio-Silva, A.C. 2003. Occurrence and characterization of entomogen galls in plants from natural vegetation areas in Delfinópolis, MG, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 63(4): 705-715. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000400018.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000400018
  • Vieira, L.G.; Nogueira, R.M.; Costa, E.C.; Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P. & Silva, J.S. 2018. Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica , 18: 1-11, e20170402. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402.
    » https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0402
  • Published with the financial support of the "Programa de Apoio às Publicações Científicas Periódicas da USP"

  • FUNDING INFORMATION:

    Both authors are grateful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for financial support (number process: 409845/2018-3); VCM to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (number process: 210.300/2021) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for a productivity grant (number process: PQ 311298/2019-2).

Edited by

Edited by:

Carlos José Einicker Lamas

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    11 Dec 2023
  • Date of issue
    2023

History

  • Received
    26 June 2023
  • Accepted
    23 Oct 2023
  • Published
    07 Nov 2023
Creative Common - by 4.0
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, 04263-000 São Paulo SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 2065-8133 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: einicker@usp.br
Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS