Avifauna of the upper Purus River: relevant records for an area lacking ornithological surveys

Abstract

Birds are the best-known vertebrate group, although many localities in the world are considered to be knowledge gaps. This is the case of many little-known environments in the Amazon biome, the world’s largest tropical forest. Here, we present a survey of birds in the upper Purus basin, comprising the municipalities of Manoel Urbano and Feijó in the Brazilian state of Acre, and Boca do Acre and Pauini in the state of Amazonas. In this region, poorly-studied habitats, such as open rainforest dominated by palms or bamboo, still predominate. We recorded 452 bird species during 45 field trips between May and July in 2016, and June to August in 2017. Twenty-four of these species are associated with bamboo habitat, 28 are endemic to the southwestern Amazon basin, and seven are threatened with extinction. This high diversity is typical of the western Amazon basin, one of the richest regions in the world in the number of species, due to the heterogeneity of the local environments. The data presented here highlight the importance of the region for the conservation of birds, including species typical of the western Amazon, some of which are still poorly-known.

Keywords.
State of Acre; State of Amazonas; Bamboo habitat; Inambari endemism center

INTRODUCTION

Birds are the best-known vertebrate group in terms of the identification of species, natural history, and geographic distribution (Silva, 2002; Del Hoyo et al., 2019). This is due to the relative ease of detection of these animals, typically without the need for capture, and the fact that birds occupy a wide range of niches in most environments around the world (Vielliard et al., 2010). Birds have raised human awareness since the time of ancient civilizations, which has also contributed to the accumulation of ornithological knowledge over the centuries. Today, amateur birdwatchers provide professional ornithologists with records as photographs and species lists on virtual platforms, adding to the knowledge of geographic distributions and seasonality (Greenwood, 2007; Bonney et al., 2009; Cottman-Fields et al., 2014; Mason, 1990; Sekercioglu, 2002; Sullivan et al., 2009; Horns et al., 2018). While birdwatching continues to grow, worldwide, and ornithological inventories have increased progressively in recent years, there are still several regions, especially remote areas, in need of detailed inventory of bird species.

Many locations in the Amazon still lack reliable inventories, especially in the most remote regions, for example, in mountainous regions or difficult to access (Oren & Albuquerque, 1991; Laranjeiras et al., 2019). The existence of this knowledge gap has been reinforced in recent years by the descriptions of 15 new Amazonian species, such as Nystalus obamai and Hemitriccus cohnhafti, which is a quite unusual development for this otherwise well-documented group (Del Hoyo et al., 2013).

Due to the immense region and the difficulty of access in some places in the Amazon, the concentration of research has generally occurred close to urban centers (Cohn-Haft et al., 1997; Borges & Guilherme, 2000; Guilherme, 2001; Vasconcelos et al., 2007) and on major rivers, such as the Amazon and Negro (Oren, 2001; Cohn-Haft et al., 2007; Borges et al., 2019). The avian fauna of the Amazon region is also quite heterogeneous, reflecting the diversity of habitats, with different flooding regimes and soil types (Braga, 1979; Nelson & Oliveira, 2001), as well as the existence of areas of endemism formed by large rivers that act as geographical barriers to dispersal (Hayes & Sewlal, 2004; Silva et al., 2005; Silva & Garda, 2010).

Since the beginning of the 20^th century, the many inventories conducted at remote localities of the basin of the Purus River, in southwestern Amazonia, have revealed an increasingly rich and heterogeneous avian fauna (Snethlage, 1908; Gyldenstolpe, 1951; O’neill, 1974; Buzzetti, 2010; Guilherme & Dantas, 2011). These studies consisted of sporadic observations and systematic collection of hundreds of copies for museums. Despite the efforts mentioned, no ornithological survey was carried out in the border region of the states of Acre and Amazonas, in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia (Oren, 2001; Guilherme, 2016). Therefore, this study is a pioneer in the region, and in this way, we provide an inventory of the avian fauna of the upper Purus, which straddles the border of the Brazilian states of Acre and Amazonas.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study area

We conducted the study in areas that includes parts of the municipalities of Boca do Acre and Pauini, in the state of Amazonas, and Feijó and Manuel Urbano, in state of Acre (Fig. 1). These municipalities are located within the Inambari area of endemism, a zoogeographic region that is limited by the Amazon and Solimões rivers to the north, and the Madeira River to the east, and includes neighboring parts of the Peruvian and Bolivian Amazon (Haffer, 1978; Cracraft, 1985; Silva et al., 2019). We established a sample polygon within radius of 55 km (~328,000 ha) from the intersection of the Purus River with the BR-364 federal highway in the municipality of Manoel Urbano, which was limited to the east by the left margin of the Purus (08°45′S, 68°50′W) and west by BR-364 (08°38′S, 68°48′W), with areas on the right margin of the river or to the south of the highway being disregarded (Fig. 1). The studied area comprises terra firme and várzea forest with bamboo and enclaves of forest with palms (Fig. 2) (Acre, 2000; IBGE, 2005; Guilherme, 2016).

Figure 1
Study polygon, inserted in the zoogeographic zone of endemism Inambari (adapted from Silva et al., 2005, Google Earth credits).

Figure 2
Phytophysiognomies of the study area: (A) várzea forest, upper Purus River, (B) terra firme forest with habitats dominated by bamboo, (C) terra firme forest with low bamboo and palms density (Photos: Diogo C. Casanova, Casa da Floresta collection) and (D) terra firme forest with habitats dominated by palms (Photo: Edson Guilherme).

Survey period and sampling methods

We conducted the research between the years 2016 and 2019 with opportunistic observations (photo and audio recordings) throughout this period, within the sampling polygon (Fig. 1). We obtained the opportunistic data through informal walks along the trails and the margin of the BR-364 highway, and motorboat surveys along stretches of the Purus River. In the eastern portion of the polygon, in May and July of 2016, and in June, July, and August of 2017, we used 48 points counts at 200-m intervals along 12 pre-established trails. The count lasted 15 min at each point. Twelve 1-km transects were also walked for 1 hour on average. We apply both procedures during the morning period, with four point counts and one transect being conducted per morning. We also record some species using playbacks, when there was a need for documentation or visualization, and we recorded audios with Tascam DR100 and Sony PX 820 recorders.

In September 2017, we sampled the western extreme of the polygon with 20 2.5 m × 12 m mist-nets (36 mm mesh). We placing the nets along two pre-established trails, covering an extension of 264 m, during two days, and opened between 6:30 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. (Fig. 1). The birds we capture, we measure the: beak length, tarsus length, wing length, rectrix length using a digital caliper (precision 0.01 mm), full length with ruler, and body mass with digital balance (precision of 0.1 g), following the protocol of Proctor & Lynch (1993). We collected some individuals for scientific collection and prepared them using the traditional taxidermy method. All specimens collected during fieldwork are now housed at Federal University of Acre (UFAC) in Rio Branco, Acre (Brazil). Specimens were captured under ICMBio/SISBIO authorization № 23269-1. We capture and collect the birds by the Comitê de Ética no Uso dos Animais - CEUA (Committee on Animal Research an Ethics) of the Universidade Federal do Acre under process 23107.008809/2016-62. We deposit photographic and audio records on either the WikiAves (WA) or the Fonoteca Casa da Floresta (FCF) online platforms. All the vouchers are referenced in the Appendix.

Species classifications

We classify species in: (1) food guilds, according to Wilman et al. (2014); (2) association with habitats dominated by bamboo Guadua ssp., according to Kratter (1997), Guilherme & Santos (2009), Lebbin (2013) and Guilherme (2012, 2016); (3) endemism, considering the endemism center Inambari and Andes Foothills or southern Amazon, according to Haffer (1978), Cracraft (1985), Guilherme (2016) and Silva et al. (2019); (4) risk of extinction, according to Lista Nacional Oficial das Espécies da Fauna Ameaçadas de Extinção (Brasil, 2014) and Red List for Birds (IUCN, 2020); and (5) dependence on forest environment, being forest-dwelling species, forest generalists and non-forests (adapted from Parker III et al., 1996; Wilman et al., 2014). Scientific nomenclature follows that of the Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos (Piacentini et al., 2015).

RESULTS

We recorded a total of 452 bird species in 69 families and 26 orders (Appendix). The main food guilds we recorded were the insectivores (209 species), omnivores (99 species), and frugivores (55 species). Twenty-four of the species (5.31%) are specialists or have some degree of association with bamboo habitat. Overall, 37 of the species (8.19%) are considered to be endemic to the southern margin of the Solimões/Amazon River. Another even more restricted distribution classification refers to the Amazonian zoogeographic zones, with 28 (6.19%) recorded taxa belonging to the Inambari and Andes Foothils. Regarding the categories of forest environments, the predominate of forest-dwelling species (69%), followed by forest generalists (16%) and non-forest (15%). In addition, seven species we recorded are listed as vulnerable to extinction - Tinamus tao, Harpia harpyja, Morphnus guianensis, Patagioenas subvinacea, Ramphastos tucanus cuvieri, Ramphastos vitellinus culminatus, and Primolius couloni.

Species accounts

Crypturellus atrocapillus (Tschudi, 1844): It occurs in southeastern Peru, northern Bolivia and Brazil (Cabot et al., 2019), where it can be considered relatively common and with wide distribution (Aleixo & Guilherme, 2010). In Brazil, represented by subspecies C. a. garleppi (Berlepsch, 1892), the species was exclusive to Acre (Guilherme, 2009), not appearing in the list of the Mapiá-Inauini National Forest (Silva, 2009) and the Arapixi Extractive Reserve (Mendonça et al., 2010), both located in the municipalities of Boca do Acre and Pauini, in the Amazonas state. However, in the eastern portion of the sampled region, which includes the same municipalities, it was frequent, with records at several sampling points. These records are the first of the species for the Amazonas state, deposited in the WikiAves platform (WA2455992).

Morphnus guianensis (Daudin, 1800): species of wide occurrence in South and Central America, however rare in all its geographic distribution due to its low density and because it occupies preferably primary forests (Sanaiotti et al., 2018). An individual was photographed on August 14, 2017 (WA2669908) in the western portion of the study area, on the border between the municipalities of Feijó and Manoel Urbano, state of Acre.

Accipiter poliogaster (Temminck, 1824): although widely distributed throughout South America (Ferguson-Lees & Christie, 2006), in the region it seems to be uncommon, with records in Peru (Schulenberg et al., 2007), one record in Rondônia (WA3312535), and only one record in Acre known until then, the recording of an individual in the municipality of Xapuri by M. Melo and F.I. Godoy (Guilherme, 2016). We record an individual in the eastern portion, on July 6, 2016, in Manoel Urbano, state of Acre.

Laterallus fasciatus (Sclater & Salvin, 1868): Rare Amazonian species with very few records in Brazil. Its distribution extends from Colombia to Peru and northwestern Brazil on the Solimões and Purus rivers, in the Western Amazon (Pinto, 1978; Del Hoyo et al., 1996; Sick, 1997). It’s found in the riparian forest, dense undergrowth of humid forests and grassy areas including river islands (Schulenberg et al., 2007). Three couples are recorded on the Purus river bank in the region near the bridge over BR-364 in the municipality of Manoel Urbano, state of Acre.

Phaethornis bourcieri (Lesson, 1832): The species is distributed along the north bank of the Amazon River, extending along the Guianas Shield, Northwestern Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and eastern Peru, reaching the Acre state (Hinkelmann et al., 2019). Although there are records in Acre territory (Guilherme, 2016), it appears to be more easily recorded through captures with nets than through observation. In the eastern portion of the study area, we record only one individual, on July 23, 2017, through his vocalization.

Chrysuronia oenone (Lesson, 1832): forest hummingbird that occur from Venezuela to Bolivia, with few records in western Brazil (Stiles & Boesman, 2019). Guilherme (2016) mentions records for the species in Acre at Serra do Divisor and Juruá region. In our study the species was recorded in the eastern portion of the study area, foraging in semi-open areas over the years 2016 and 2017, both in portions in the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas and Manoel Urbano, Acre. We were not able to document the species with photographs or soud recordings, however the birds were undoubtedly identified by the males plumage pattern with a contrasting blue on the head, general greenish plumage, and golden rump and rectrices (Schulenberg et al., 2007; Stiles & Boesman, 2019). Our records represent an extension of distribution of 400 km eastwards for the species.

Heliodoxa aurescens (Gould, 1846): species with wide distribution in the Amazon biome, but considered uncommon (Parker III et al., 1996; Schulenberg et al., 2007). In the Inambari region in Brazilian territory, only two records are known for the Acre state, both on the border with Peru, one in the extreme west Acre (Guilherme, 2016), and the other in the extreme south (Aleixo & Guilherme, 2010). Along our survey, three sightings were made in the eastern portion of the study area, two of which were on the same day (about 800 m apart), in a forest portion in which the species appears to be locally common.

Steatornis caripensis Humboldt, 1817: an individual was observed on the night of May 22, 2016, flying at about 3 m high along a road between the municipalities of Manoel Urbano, Acre and Boca do Acre, Amazonas. This nocturnal bird is associated with caves, where it remains at rest during the day, but during the night the bird can travel great distances in search of fruit (Cleere, 2010). Roca (1994) in a study in Venezuela, verified through telemetry that the species moved 240 km between caves in a single night. This would justify the presence of the species in the region, which has no documented cave environment. It is one of the most unusual records, because in Brazil the species was only known for two localities, both in the Amazonas state, in Manaus (WikiAves, 2008) and in Reserva Natural de Palmari (Whittaker et al., 2004), the latter being approximately 460 km away from our study site. In addition to northern Amazonia and Central America (Trinidad and Panama), S. caripensis distribution perimeter extends from Colombian Andes to Bolivia (Thomas & Kirwan, 2019), with some records in the Ucayali and Loreto departments in Peru, bordering the Acre state (Tello et al., 2008), but ~500 km away from the study area.

Pyrrhura rupicola (Tschudi, 1844): species endemic in the Inambari area, considered exclusive of the Acre state in the Brazilian territory (Aleixo & Guilherme, 2010), with records only in the eastern and extreme western portions of Acre (Guilherme, 2016). It is one of the most common parrots in study area, both in the Acre and Amazon regions, recorded on almost every sampling day, with predominant records in slightly disturbed forest areas.

Forpus xanthopterygius (Spix, 1824): although widely distributed in South America, it has disjunct populations, and in the Amazon it is restricted to its western portion (Collar et al., 2019). Despite being quite common in northern and central Peru (Schulenberg et al., 2007), it appears to be rare in the Acre state, where there are only two records (Guilherme, 2016). A group of Forpus xanthopterygius was observed on 21^st July 2017 in the eastern portion of our study area.

Nannopsittaca dachilleae O’Neill, Munn & Franke, 1991: little known species and of very restricted distribution, occurring only in northwestern Bolivia, eastern Peru and Brazil, exclusively in Acre state (Schulenberg et al., 2007; Guilherme, 2016; Collar & Boesman, 2019). Despite sparse records in the Acre state (DeLuca, 2012), their documentation in Brazilian territory came from specimens collected in the region of Mâncio Lima (Guilherme, 2016). A group was photographed on July 21, 2017 in the municipality of Pauini, constituting a new record for the Amazonas state, expanding its known distribution.

Celeus spectabilis Sclater & Salvin, 1880: species associated with bamboo habitats (Kratter, 1997; Lebbin 2013; Guilherme, 2016), previously considered exclusive to the Acre state in Brazilian territory (Guilherme, 2009). It was recently recorded in Rondônia (Corrêa, 2013). The species was recorded throughout the entire polygon, which shows that it is relatively common in the region.

Antrostomus sericocaudatus (Cassin, 1849): It has two disjunct populations. Antrostomus sericocaudatus mengeli (Dickerman, 1975) occurs in southeastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia and Brazil, with sparse records throughout the Amazon, especially in the Acre state (Cleere, 2019). In Acre the species has been recorded only in the eastern portion of the state, on the right bank of the Purus River (Guilherme, 2016). Our records are the first for the left bank of the Purus River in Brazil. In the eastern portion, it proves to be relatively common, easily recorded through its vocalization.

Picumnus subtilis Stager, 1968: endemic species in the Andes Foothills and adjacent lowlands, recently recorded in Brazil (Rego et al., 2009). Considered restricted to the eastern portion of the Acre state, and associated with bamboo habitats (Melo et al., 2015; Guilherme, 2016). The species was common in the Manoel Urbano region, and our records are the first for the left bank of the Purus River in Brazil. Despite being considered associated with bamboo habitats (Guilherme, 2016), we recorded an individual in a secondary forest in the western portion in the municipality of Feijó (WA2849280), and a couple in semi-urban areas of Manoel Urbano (WA3726020), both records in the state of Acre. We do not rule out the possibility of expanding the species’ distribution after the suppression (e.g., deforestation, agriculture) in the forest.

Grallaria eludens (Lowery & O’Neill, 1969): one of the most poorly studied Amazonian bird species, it was known from few records imited to the border between Peru and Brazil (Krabbe & Schulenberg, 2019a). There are only four records for Brazil, all in the extreme west of the states of Acre and Amazonas (Whittaker & Oren, 1999; Guilherme, 2016). The species was recorded in the eastern portion of our study area in two occasions, on May 21^st and 24^th, 2016. Although not seen, it was documented through the recording of the song. Our records represent an expansion of distribution of 400 km to the east, although recent records were made at Chandless State Park (WA2939664), about 100 km from our study site.

Formicarius rufifrons Blake, 1957: terrestrial bird restricted to a few localities in southwestern Peru, Bolivia and Brazil (Krabbe & Schulenberg, 2019b). In Brazil, the species range is restricted to the Acre state, where there were four records in the extreme south and extreme west of the state (Guilherme, 2016). More recently, it was recorded about 50 km west of Rio Branco (Ramal do Noca) (Melo, 2016). During our survey, we record an individual in the eastern portion of the study site (FCF01683), on May 25, 2016, representing the first record for the Amazonas state. This record represents an extension of distribution of ~200 km to the east.

Myrmotherula brachyura (Hermann, 1783): although widely distributed in the Amazon, in Acre the species was previously recorded exclusively in the border with Peru, in the extreme west of the state (Guilherme, 2016). However, along our survey, M. brachyura was quite common in the eastern portion of the study area.

Myrmotherula assimilis Pelzeln, 1868: species associated with várzea forests, present on the margins of the largest Amazonian rivers, such as Purus (Schulenberg et al., 2007). The first record in Acre territory comes from a vocalization recorded in 2001, by Jeremy Minns, in the Alto Juruá Extractive Reserve (XC237143). The first and only specimen from Acre was collected in the western portion of the polygon (AC-936), by EG and DP in terra firme forest on 16^th of August 2017, in the municipality of Feijó. The capture of this individual in terra firme forest reinforces the idea that the species can inhabit environments other than the várzea forest in this region of the Amazon.

Hypocnemis subflava Cabanis, 1873: Bamboo habitat specialist, with home range areas limited to bamboo patches of the genus Guadua spp. (Lebbin, 2013; Pedroza & Guilherme, 2019). The species was common throughout the study area, both in the Acre state and in the Amazonas state. We did not record its counterpart H. peruviana along our survey, probably a case of local substitution.

Xenops rutilans Temminck, 1821: species with wide distribution in Brazil, but scarce in the Amazon, whose occurrence predominates in its southeast portion, where the taxon X. r. purusianus Todd, 1925 ranges from eastern Peru to the Tapajós River (Remsen, 2019). In Acre, is uncommon, with a predominance of records in the far west of the state (Guilherme, 2016). FIG recorded Xenops rutilans twice in the eastern portion of the study area (WA3484857).

Anabazenops dorsalis (Sclater & Salvin, 1880): uncommon species, scarce in the Amazonian lowlands (Schulenberg et al., 2007). In Brazil there are occasional records in the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Acre (Guilherme, 2016). Although difficult to visualize, the species was relatively common in the eastern portion of the study area, before the bamboo fruiting in 2016. Anabazenops dorsalis was not detected past the bamboo fruiting period. Our records represent the first records for the central region of Acre, and for the Amazonas state.

Synallaxis cherriei Gyldenstolpe, 1930: poorly known species, considered rare, but can be locally common. In the Inambari region, it has restrict distribution (Schulenberg et al., 2007; IUCN, 2020), with few known records, possibly of the subspecies S. c. saturata Carriker, 1934 (Guilherme, 2016). The records presented here are the first for the center of the Acre state and for the Amazonas state. We record the species in the eastern portion on two occasions, always in dense shrub formations at the edge of the forest.

Lepidothrix coronata (Spix, 1825): Two subspecies are recognized for the region of Inambari, L. c. coronata (Spix, 1825) to the west of the Purus River and L. coronata exquisita (Hellmayr, 1905) to the east, with a clear difference in plumage from the males (Guilherme, 2016). However, all records of the species were auditory, making it impossible to confirm which taxon occurs in the study area, believing that it corroborates with that described for the region.

Pachyramphus xanthogenys Salvadori & Festa, 1898: species considered exclusive to the Acre state in Brazil, where it was thought to occur only in the eastern portion of the state (Guilherme, 2016). One individual was recorded in the Amazonas state, municipality of Boca do Acre, extending the distribution of the species at ~200 km northwest.

Conioptilon mcilhennyi Lowery & O’Neill, 1966: species of distribution restricted to Peru, Bolivia and Brazil, where it was recorded exclusively in the Acre state (Guilherme, 2009; Guilherme, 2012). In our study sites, the species was fairly common, with records in almost all sites that had large trees, including sites in the Amazonas state.

Cotinga maynana (Linnaeus, 1766): a little documented species for the region and also uncommon in the study area. We recorded the bird twice in the eastern portion of the study area. Three males was observed on 25^th July 2017. We photographed one individual (WA2960588) and we recorded its wing flap sounds (FCF02224).

Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema (Deville & Sclater, 1852): species with few documented records for Brazil. In the Acre state was known only from two localities (Guilherme, 2016). On 24^th June 2017, FIG observed and photographed a couple birds on the eastern portion of our study area (WA2960587).

Hemitriccus iohannis (Snethlage, 1907): in Brazilian territory, H. iohannis was thought to occur only on the western and eastern portions of the Acre state (Guilherme, 2016), being virtually absent in the Purus River region. Along our 2016 surveys, few individuals were occasionally recorded in Manoel Urbano, in the riparian forest of the Purus River (FCF01692).

Muscisaxicola fluviatilis Sclater & Salvin, 1866: uncommon species of open environments, such as sand banks on river edge (Schulenberg et al., 2007). There were only two records for the Acre state (Guilherme, 2016). We record an individual in the western portion in a deforested area covered by pioneer vegetation on the edge of BR-364. We collect this individual a voucher specimen (AC-948) and deposited in the UFAC ornithological collection.

Conopias trivirgatus (Wied, 1831): species with few records around the study area, in the Acre state they are concentrated on the border with Peru (Guilherme, 2016). The closest area to our study site where the bird was recorded before was the State Park Chandless (Buzzetti, 2009). We record the species three times at different points in the eastern portion of our study area (FCF02141).

Sublegatus obscurior Todd, 1920: species of forest edge and semi-open environments, rare in the region, with only one record in the Acre state (Guilherme, 2016). We record one individual along our survey, by the road side at the edge of a high-density bamboo forest, in Manoel Urbano (Acre), on May 20, 2016 (WA2445534).

Polioptila plumbea (Gmelin, 1788): although this species has a wide distribution in South America (Atwood et al., 2019), the subspecies that occur in the region, P. p. parvirostris Sharpe, 1885 appears to be uncommon, with few records in southeastern Peru (southern limit of taxon distribution) (Harvey et al., 2014) and in the Acre state, with only three records (Guilherme, 2016). However, in our study area it was locally common in almost all the extension of the eastern portion, always in the forest canopy of terra firme forest.

Parkerthraustes humeralis (Lawrence, 1867): uncommon species in the region, with only two previous records for the Acre state (Whittaker et al., 2002; Buzzetti, 2009). A group of three individuals was observed and photographed foraging in the canopy of terra firme forest in the eastern portion of the study area, on July 21, 2017.

DISCUSSION

The high bird species richness recorded along our survey is related primarily to the location of the study area, given that the Amazon Forest is the world’s biologically richest region (Boubli & Hrbek, 2012), and that the Inambari center of endemism is one of its richest in bird species (Hawkins et al., 2006). This region is also dominated by tracts of climax primary forest, which supports many birds typical of preserved environments, which occupy the different forest strata (canopy, medium, litter, understory, and edge), with a high level of landscape connectivity. There is also an ample diversity of environments, with the forest bird community including terra firme and várzea forest, and specialists in bamboo habitats, although a majority of the species are strict forest species. This group includes many species that depend on well-preserved forest and are sensitive to environmental change (Parker III et al., 1996). These species include the threatened Harpia harpyja and Tinamus tao, which are associated with large tracts of mature forest, disappearing rapidly from fragmented habitats and areas with intense hunting pressure (ICMBio, 2018).

The dominant vegetation of the study area, bamboo forest, is quite distinct from the typical Amazonian dense forest formations, with a continuous canopy, and shady understory. Thirty Amazonian bird species are recognized as bamboo habitat specialists (Guilherme & Santos, 2009; Harvey et al., 2014), and the 24 were present in the study area. The association of insectivorous birds with bamboo habitat may guarantee the avoidance of competition with similar species for feeding resources and nest-building materials, such as insectivorous birds of dense edge shrub formations and understory (e.g., Thamnophilidae, Rhynchocyclidae, Furnariidae) (Lebbin, 2007; Pedroza & Guilherme, 2019). In addition, granivorous species such as the Amazonian Parrotlet (Nannopsittaca dachilleae) and the Slate-colored Seedeater (Sporophila schistacea) appear to accompany the fruiting of Guadua bamboo, to feed on its seeds (Collar & Boesman, 2019).

The fruiting of the bamboo may have a major impact on the structure of bird communities given that, following this event, the bamboo suffers massive mortality, provoking profound changes in local environments (Areta & Cockle, 2012). Following the die off of the bamboo, there is an abrupt increase in the penetration of sunlight into the previously shaded understory, and an associated increase in temperature, with the whole stratum disappearing until the development of the new seedlings. Photophobic species of the leaf litter, such as the Elusive Antpitta (Grallaria eludens) and the Thrush-like Antpitta (Myrmothera campanisona), were absent from the sampling sites following the bamboo fruiting. By contrast, birds associated with clearings such as the Thrush-like Wren (Campylorhynchus turdinus) and the Olived-faced Flatbill (Tolmomyias flaviventris viridiceps) increased in abundance. Following the die off, bird species associated with bamboo stands became extremely scarce, which was expected - see Areta & Cockle (2012). Habitat fragmentation may also limit the displacement or dispersal of these exclusively forest-dwelling species, which may be limited by the availability of native forest. Furthermore, many other specialist taxa forage in bamboo habitat, which means that it determines an important component of the biodiversity of the forest communities (Guilherme & Santos, 2009).

The local avian fauna also includes a number of species typical of open environments, such as aquatic habitats (Purus River and local streams), roads, and other anthropogenic environments. In fact, a number of species that did not occur originally in the region, such as the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) and the White-tailed Hawk (Geranoaetus albicaudatus), have benefitted from the human colonization process, which has resulted in widespread deforestation, principally for the implantation of cattle pasture. The relatively recent phenomenon has become increasingly frequent throughout the region, and with the spread of deforestation (Souza et al., 2006), bird species adapted to open habitats have become progressively more widespread in the Amazon biome (Guilherme & Czaban, 2015).

The vast majority of the bird taxa that are endemic to the Inambari center of endemism were recorded in the area of the present study (Guilherme, 2016). The Purus River also appears to play a role as a zoogeographic barrier, dividing the ranges of Lepidothrix coronata coronata and L. c. exquisita, for example (Guilherme, 2009; Guilherme, 2012). However, three taxa considered by Guilherme (2012) to be restricted to the right margin of the Purus were recorded on the left margin in the present study, Antrostomus sericocaudatus, Picumnus subtilis and Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo, which implies that this river may not be a very effective zoogeographic barrier for many taxa (Guilherme, 2016).

The dynamics of the annual flooding, which inundates a number of parts of the local forest, also influences the composition of the local bird community (Haugaasen & Peres, 2008), reinforcing the need to evaluate the response of the community, especially given the potential shifts in resource availability. Further research may include additional sampling procedures, including more systematic surveys along the seasonally flooded areas.

Overall, then, our results reinforce the need for further research in the Inambari center of endemism, in particular, in the central and western portions of Amazonas state. We would also recommend further research on the open bamboo habitats at other sites in southwestern Amazonia, in order to better understand the relationship between bamboo specialists and bamboo habitat. As most research in the Amazon basin has tended to focus on dense rainforest habitats (Barlow et al., 2007), the bamboo habitats of southwestern Amazonia is relatively poorly-understood. Further research is clearly needed to better understand the dynamics of the influence of the bamboo cycle on the local avian fauna and its occurrence patterns over the long term, as well as providing important insights for the development of effective conservation measures.

CONCLUSIONS

The presence of threatened species and the high level of endemism found at the study site reinforces the ecological importance of the studied area and the need for its conservation. While the eastern portion of the Acre state, in the vicinity of the capital, Rio Branco, is the most deforested (Guilherme, 2016), the study region, which is located further west is also now beginning to suffer the effects of these impacts. Deforestation in the study region was initially limited to the occupation of areas along rivers and roads by smallholders, although it has accelerated in recent years, mainly through highway construction and the expansion of cattle ranching operations. This implies that the region of the upper Purus River may resemble the east of the state of Acre, in terms of habitat fragmentation, which will increase the risk of the local extinction of many of the species recorded in the present study that are sensitive to environmental impacts.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

F.I.G. thanks the support of Arthur Macarrão, Diogo C. Casanova, Marcelo Ducatti, Vagner Gabriel, Rodrigo Bernando (layout), Barbara R. Barbosa (layout) and Lys Pereira de Souza. We are grateful to Agrocortex Madeiras do Acre. E.G. and D.P. would like to thank TECMAN - consultoria ambiental e manejo florestal and Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Estado do Acre - SEMA for the logistical support during this study. We also thank the UFAC Ornithology Laboratory team for the preparation and cataloging of the collected specimens. We are grateful to prof. Stephen Ferrari for suggestions and English translation.

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Appendix

List of bird species recorded in the study area, belonging to the region of the upper Purus River. Voucher: FCF = recording deposited at Fonoteca Casa da Floresta; WA = image or recording deposited on the WikiAves website; AC = specimen collected and deposited in the collection of the Ornithology Museum of the Federal University of Acre. ¹ Nomenclature and taxonomy follow CBRO (2015). ² Forest dependence: FS = forest-dwelling species; FG = forest generalists; NF = non-forests. ³ Feeding guilds: O = omnivorous; G = gramnivorous, F = frugivores; C = carnivores, S = scavengers; I = insectivores; M = malacophagous; P = piscivores; H = herbivores; N = nectarivorous. ⁴ Bamboo specialists. ⁵ Endemic species of Inambari center (Inamb), Andes Foothils (AF) or South Amazonia (AMS). ⁶ Endangered species at nacional (BR) or global level (G). ⁷ Voucher (documentations): WA = Wiki Aves (photography); FCF = Fonoteca Casa da Floresta (audio recording). ⁸ Recording type: O = visual observation; V = vocalization; C = specimen collected; MN = mist net. Municipality: BA = Boca do Acre (AM); PA = Pauni (AM); MU = Manoel Urbano (AC); FE = Feió (AC).

Families Species1 Dep2 Guild3 Bamboo4 Endemism5 Red list6 Voucher7 Rercording8 Municipality BR G Tinamidae Crypturellus atrocapillus FS O AMS (AF) NT FCF01662, WA2455992 O, V BA, PA, MU, FE Crypturellus bartletti FS O AMS (Inamb) FCF01663 V BA, MU Crypturellus cinereus FS O FCF01665 V BA, PA, FE Crypturellus obsoletus FS O FCF02143 V BA, FE Crypturellus soui FS O FCF02144 V BA, FE Crypturellus undulatus FS O V BA, MU, FE Crypturellus variegatus FS O V BA Tinamus guttatus FS O NT FCF01765 V BA, PA Tinamus major FS O NT WA3717225 O, V BA, FE Tinamus tao FS O VU VU FCF02260, FCF02261, WA3717226 O, V BA Anhimidae Anhima cornuta NF O O MU Anatidae Amazonetta brasiliensis NF P O MU, FE Cracidae Aburria cumanensis FS F WA2965224 O BA Ortalis guttata FG F WA2968821 O, V BA, MU, FE Pauxi tuberosa FS O WA2969460 O BA Penelope jacquacu FS O O, V BA, PA Odontophoridae Odontophorus stellatus FS O WA3717224 O, V BA, FE Podicipedidae Tachybaptus dominicus NF P WA2669959 O FE Ciconiidae Mycteria americana NF P WA2446772 O BA, MU, FE Anhingidae Anhinga anhinga NF P O FE Phalacrocoracidae Nannopterum brasilianus NF P O BA Ardeidae Ardea alba NF P O BA, MU, FE Ardea cocoi NF P O BA, MU Bubulcus ibis NF I O BA, MU, FE Butorides striata NF P O BA Egretta thula NF P O BA, FE Pilherodius pileatus NF P WA2453561 O, V BA, FE Tigrisoma lineatum FG P O BA, MU, FE Threskiornithidae Mesembrinibis cayennensis NF M O MU Cathartidae Cathartes aura NF S O BA, MU, FE Cathartes melambrotus FS S WA2968926 O, V BA, MU, FE Coragyps atratus NF S O BA, MU, PA, FE Sarcoramphus papa FG S NT O BA, PA Accipitridae Accipiter poliogaster FS C DD NT O, V MU Accipiter superciliosus FS C O BA Busarellus nigricollis FG M O MU Buteo albonotatus NF C O, BA, MU Buteo brachyurus FG C O BA Buteo nitidus FG C O, V BA, MU, FE Buteogallus schistaceus FS C FCF02217/ WA2580203 O, V BA, MU Elanoides forficatus NF C O BA, FE Geranoaetus albicaudatus NF C O MU Geranospiza caerulescens FG C O BA Harpagus bidentatus FS C WA2966608 O, V BA, FE Ictinia plumbea FG C O, V BA, FE Leptodon cayanensis FS C FCF02235 O, V BA Pseudastur albicollis FS C WA2455990 O BA Rostrhamus sociabilis NF M O BA Harpia harpyja FS C VU NT O MU Helicolestes hamatus FS M WA2904859 O MU, FE Rupornis magnirostris NF C FCF01752 O, V BA, MU, FE Urubitinga urubitinga FG O WA1683501 V MU Morphnus guianensis FS C VU NT O FE Spizaetus melanoleucus FS C O BA Spizaetus tyrannus FS C O, V BA Eurypygidae Eurypyga helias FS C FCF02229 O, V MU Psophiidae Psophia leucoptera FS O AMS (Inamb) NT FCF02252, WA3717231 O, V BA, MU, FE Rallidae Aramides cajaneus FG O V BA, FE Laterallus melanophaius FG O WA2671711 O, V FE Laterallus exilis NF O V FE Laterallus fasciatus NF O LC WA2939709, WA3082943 O, V MU Porphyrio martinicus NF O O FE Laterallus viridis FG O V BA Charadriidae Vanellus cayanus NF I WA2446767 O BA, MU Vanellus chilensis NF I O, V BA, MU, FE Jacanidae Jacana jacana NF O O, V BA, FE Sternidae Phaetusa simplex NF P WA2455973 O BA Sternula superciliaris NF P WA3355908 O BA, MU Scolopacidae Calidris fuscicollis NF M O MU Calidris melanotos NF M O MU Tringa solitaria NF M WA2671698 O FE Rynchopidae Rynchops niger NF P WA3355912 O BA, MU Columbidae Columbina talpacoti NF G O, V BA, MU, FE Leptotila rufaxilla FS F FCF02159, FCF02207 V BA, FE Leptotila verreauxi FG F V BA, PA, FE Geotrygon montana FS F MN FE Patagioenas plumbea FS F WA2445561 O, V BA, PA Patagioenas subvinacea FS F VU FCF01731 O, V BA, PA, FE Opisthocomidae Opisthocomus hoazin FS Fo WA2446768/WA2474281 O, V BA, MU, FE Cuculidae Coccycua minuta FS I FCF02692 V BA Coccyzus melacoryphus FG I O, V BA Crotophaga ani NF I O, V BA, MU, FE Crotophaga major FG I O FE Dromococcyx pavoninus FS I x FCF02226 V BA Dromococcyx phasianellus FS I FCF02227 V BA Piaya cayana FG I O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Piaya melanogaster FS I FCF01736 V BA Strigidae Athene cunicularia NF C WA2968819 O BA, MU Glaucidium brasilianum FG C O, V BA Tyto furcata NF C O FE Asio clamator NF C O FE Glaucidium hardyi FS C V BA Lophostrix cristata FS C WA3484853 O, V BA Megascops usta FS C FCF02237 O, V BA Nyctibiidae Nyctibius aethereus FS I FCF02175, WA2967595 O, V MU Nyctibius grandis FG I WA2973499 O, V BA, MU Nyctibius griseus FG I O, V BA, FE Steatornithidae Steatornis caripensis FS F O MU Caprimulgidae Antrostomus sericocaudatus FS I FCF02214 O, V BA, MU Chordeiles rupestris NF I O MU Hydropsalis climacocerca FG I O BA Hydropsalis parvula NF I V BA, FE Lurocalis semitorquatus FS I O, V BA Nyctidromus albicollis FG I FCF02176 O, V BA, MU, FE Nyctiphrynus ocellatus FS I FCF02244, AC-972 O, V, MN, C BA, FE Apodidae Chaetura brachyura FG I WA2966613 O, V BA, MU, FE Chaetura cinereiventris FG I FCF01656, FCF02222 O, V BA, MU, FE Chaetura egregia FS I FCF02138, WA2966616 O, V BA Chaetura viridipennis FS I FCF02139, WA2446773 O, V BA, FE Panyptila cayennensis FS I O, V BA, FE Tachornis squamata NF I MN FE Trochilidae Amazilia lactea bartletti FS N AMS (Inamb) FCF02211, WA2453560 O, V BA Anthracothorax nigricollis FG N O, V BA Chlorostilbon mellisugus FG N FCF01657 O, V BA, FE Chrysuronia oenone FS N O BA, MU Florisuga mellivora FS N O BA Glaucis hirsutus FS N WA2973502, AC-973 O, V, MN, C BA, MU, PA, FE Heliodoxa aurescens FS N O, V BA Heliomaster longirostris FS N WA2446770 O, V BA Phaethornis bourcieri FS N FCF02248, WA2960614, AC-930, 960, 974 O, V, MN, C PA, FE Phaethornis hispidus FS N FCF02179, WA2969462, AC-931 O, V, MN, C BA, MU, PA, FE Phaethornis malaris FS N O, V BA, PA, FE Phaethornis ruber FS N FCF02249 O, V, MN BA, PA, FE Thalurania furcata FG N WA3484851 O BA, FE Threnetes leucurus FS N FCF01764, WA2961269, AC-932 O, V, MN, C BA, PA, FE Trogonidae Trogon collaris FS O WA2960594 O, V BA, PA Trogon curucui FS O FCF02263, WA2974471 O, V BA, PA, MU, FE Trogon melanurus FS O O, V BA, PA, FE Trogon ramonianus FS O WA2968823 O, V BA, FE Trogon rufus FS O XC386032 V FE Trogon viridis FS O O, V BA, PA, FE Alcedinidae Chloroceryle americana FG P O, V BA, FE Chloroceryle amazona NF P O FE Chloroceryle inda FS P O FE Megaceryle torquata FG P O BA, FE Momotidae Baryphthengus martii FS O V BA, FE Electron platyrhynchum FS O FCF02151, WA2973501 O, V BA, PA Momotus momota FS O FCF02167, AC-962 V, MN, C BA, PA, FE Galbulidae Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus FS I AMS (Inamb) FCF01685, WA2972491, WA2474264 O, V BA, MU, FE Galbula cyanescens FS I AMS (Inamb) FCF01686 / WA2974473 O, V, MN BA, PA, FE Galbula dea FS I WA2446771 O BA Jacamerops aureus FS I FCF02157 O, V BA, PA, FE Bucconidae Bucco macrodactylus FS I FCF02216 / WA3187712 V BA, MU, FE Bucco capensis FS I O FE Chelidoptera tenebrosa FG I O, V BA, FE Malacoptila semicincta FS I AMS (Inamb) O BA Monasa flavirostris FS I FCF01714, WA2974475 O, V BA, PA Monasa morphoeus FS I WA2965233 O, V BA, FE Monasa nigrifrons FS I FCF01715, WA2445540 O, V BA, FE Nonnula sclateri FS I x AMS (Inamb) O, MN FE Nonnula ruficapilla ruficapilla FS I x AMS (Inamb) FCF02174, AC-940 V, MN, C BA, FE Notharchus hyperrhynchus FS I WA2455221 O BA Notharchus tectus FS I O BA Nystalus obamai FS I FCF01728, WA2966606 O, V BA, PA Capitonidae Capito auratus FS O FCF01653, WA2973500, AC-963 O, V, MN, C BA, FE Eubucco richardsoni FS O FCF01677, WA2974474 O, V BA, PA Ramphastidae Aulacorhynchus atrogularis FS O FCF02129, WA2969457 O, V BA, FE Pteroglossus beauharnaesii FS O AMS O BA Pteroglossus castanotis FS O FCF01745 O, V BA, PA, FE Pteroglossus inscriptus FS O FCF02187 O, V BA Ramphastos tucanus cuvieri FS O VU WA2967594 O, V BA, PA, FE Ramphastos vitellinus culminatus FS O VU WA3188466 O, V, MN BA, MU, PA, FE Selenidera reinwardtii langsdorffii FS O AMS (Inamb) V BA, PA, FE Picidae Campephilus melanoleucos FS I FCF02132 O, V BA, PA, FE Campephilus rubricollis FS I FCF01651, WA2966612 O, V BA, PA Celeus elegans FS I FCF02220, WA2617188 O, V BA, PA, FE Celeus flavus FS O O, V BA Celeus grammicus FS I O BA Celeus spectabilis FS I x AMS (AF) FCF01654, WA2453569 O, V BA, FE Celeus torquatus FS O FCF01655, WA2455217 O, V BA, PA, FE Colaptes punctigula FG I FCF01660 O, V BA, FE Dryocopus lineatus FG I O, V BA, MU, FE Melanerpes cruentatus FG I WA3484855 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Piculus flavigula FS I V BA Piculus laemostictus FS I WA2973496 O, V BA Piculus leucolaemus FS I DD WA2616184 O, V BA Picumnus rufiventris FS I x FCF01737 O, V BA, FE Picumnus subtilis FS I x AMS (AF) WA2849280 O, V MU, FE Veniliornis affinis FS I O BA, FE Veniliornis passerinus FG I FCF02265 O, V BA, PA Falconidae Daptrius ater FS O WA2584161 O, V BA, MU, FE Caracara plancus NF C O MU, FE Falco deiroleucus FS C NT WA2455971 O MU Falco rufigularis FS C O BA, FE Herpetotheres cachinnans FG C O, V BA, MU, FE Ibycter americanus FS O FCF01704, WA2961264 O, V BA Micrastur buckleyi FS C V MU Micrastur gilvicollis FS C FCF02161-2164, AC-929 V, MN, C BA, FE Micrastur mirandollei FS C V PA Micrastur ruficollis FS C FCF02165 V BA, MU, PA Micrastur semitorquatus FG C V BA Psittacidae Amazona farinosa FS F NT FCF01635-1636 O, V BA, PA, FE Amazona ochrocephala FG F FCF01637-1638, WA2967596 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Ara ararauna FG F WA2455991 O, V BA, FE Ara chloropterus FS F NT WA3208314 O, V BA, MU Ara macao FS F FCF01643, WA2973498 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Ara severus FG F WA2455970 O, V BA Aratinga weddellii FG F FCF01644, WA2455219 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Brotogeris cyanoptera FS F FCF01649, WA2972497 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Brotogeris sanctithomae FS F V BA, MU Forpus sclateri FS F O, V BA, FE Forpus xanthopterygius NF F O, V BA Nannopsittaca dachilleae FS G x AMS (Inamb) NT WA2961270 O PA Orthopsittaca manilatus FG F O, V BA Pionites leucogaster FS F AMS FCF01738, WA2455222 O, V FE Pionus menstruus FS F O, V BA, PA, FE Primolius couloni FS F AMS (Inamb) VU FCF01742, WA2453557 O, V BA, FE Psittacara leucophthalmus FG F FCF01744, WA2965239 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Pyrilia barrabandi FS F NT WA2969464 O PA Pyrrhura rupicola FS F AMS (Inamb) NT FCF01746, WA2972492 O, V BA, MU, FE Touit sp. FS F O BA Thamnophilidae Akletos goeldii FS I x AMS (Inamb) FCF02209-2210 O, V, MN BA, PA, MU, FE Cercomacra cinerascens FS I V BA, MU, PA, FE Cercomacra manu FS I x V BA Cercomacra serva FS I FCF02221, WA2960591 O, V BA, PA, FE Cercomacroides fuscicauda FS I AMS FCF02137 O, V BA, MU, FE Cymbilaimus lineatus FS I FCF01669, FCF02146 O, V BA, MU, PA Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae FS I x AMS FCF01670-1671, WA2455225 O, V BA, MU, FE Epinecrophylla leucophthalma FS I FCF01674, WA2969459, AC-927, 935 O, V, MN, C BA, PA, FE Epinecrophylla ornata FS I x FCF01675, AC-941, 942, 956, 971 O, V, MN, C BA, FE Euchrepomis humeralis FS I FCF02152, WA2631121 O, V PA Hafferia fortis FS I FCF01718, FCF01771 V BA, FE Hylophylax naevius FS I FCF01702, FCF02230, AC-967, 970 O, V, MN, C BA, PA, FE Hypocnemis subflava FS I x AMS (Inamb) FCF01703, WA2972494, AC-937, 943, 944, 975 O, V, MN, C BA, MU, PA, FE Isleria hauxwelli FS I WA2445541 O, MN BA, FE Microrhopias quixensis FS I x FCF01713, FCF02166, WA2904869 O, V BA, MU, PA Myrmelastes humaythae FS I AMS FCF02169 V BA, FE Myrmelastes hyperythrus FS I FCF01719-1720, WA2445538 O, V BA, MU, FE Myrmoborus leucophrys FS I FCF01721, WA2972496 O, V, MN BA, MU, PA, FE Myrmoborus lophotes FS I x AMS (Inamb) NT FCF01722 O, V, MN BA Myrmoborus myotherinus FS I FCF01723, AC-957, 969 O, V, MN, C BA, MU, PA, FE Myrmophylax atrothorax FS I FCF01724 O, V BA, MU, FE Myrmotherula axillaris FS I WA2960596, AC-955, 966 O, V, MN, C BA, PA, FE Myrmotherula brachyura FS I FCF01725-1727, WA2969458 O, V BA, MU, PA Myrmotherula longipennis FS I AC-926, 933, 934 V, MN, C BA, PA, FE Myrmotherula menetriesii FS I FCF02172-2173, WA2966615 O, V BA, PA, FE Myrmotherula multostriata FS I V BA Myrmotherula assimilis FS I AC-936 MN, C FE Neoctantes niger FS I V BA Oneilornis salvini FS I AMS (Inamb) O, V, MN PA, FE Phlegopsis nigromaculata FS I FCF01734-1735, WA2965234 O, V, MN BA, PA, FE Sciaphylax hemimelaena FS I FCF01757, WA2974480 O, V, MN BA, MU, PA, FE Taraba major FG I FCF01761-1762, AC-964 O, V, MN, C BA, MU, FE Thamnomanes ardesiacus FS I V, MN BA, PA, FE Thamnomanes saturninus FS I AMS V BA Thamnomanes schistogynus FS I AMS (Inamb) FCF02198-2200, WA3155295 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Thamnophilus aethiops FS I FCF02705 V BA, PA, FE Thamnophilus doliatus FG I O, V BA, FE Thamnophilus murinus FS I V BA, PA Thamnophilus schistaceus FS I FCF02259, WA2960597 O, V BA, PA Dichrozona cincta FS I V FE Willisornis poecilinotus FS I FCF01000 O, V, MN BA, PA, FE Grallariidae Grallaria eludens FS I AMS (Inamb) FCF01687 V BA, PA Hylopezus berlepschi FS I FCF01697 V BA, PA, FE Myrmothera campanisona FS I FCF01691 V BA, PA Rhinocryptidae Liosceles thoracicus FS I FCF01709 O, V BA, PA, FE Formicariidae Formicarius analis FS I FCF01680 O, V, MN BA, PA, FE Formicarius colma FS I FCF01682 V, MN BA, FE Formicarius rufifrons FS I AMS (AF) NT FCF01683 V BA Scleruridae Sclerurus macconnelli FS I O, MN FE Sclerurus caudacutus FS I O, MN FE Dendrocolaptidae Campylorhamphus trochilirostris FS I x FCF01652 O, V BA, PA, FE Certhiasomus stictolaema FS I V PA Deconychura longicauda FS I O, V BA Dendrexetastes rufigula FS I FCF01673, WA2965227 O, V BA Dendrocincla fuliginosa FS I O, MN BA, FE Dendrocincla merula FS I MN FE Glyphorynchus spirurus castelnaudii FS I AMS (AF) MN FE Dendrocolaptes juruanus FS I AMS FCF02148, WA2974476 O, V BA, PA, FE Dendrocolaptes picumnus FS I FCF02149 O, V BA, PA, FE Dendroplex picus FG I FCF02295 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae FS I AMS FCF01707, WA2973495 O, V BA, PA, FE Nasica longirostris FS I O, V BA Sittasomus griseicapillus FS I FCF01759 O, V BA, PA, FE Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus FS I FCF02266, WA2969465 O, V BA Xiphorhynchus elegans FS I FCF01004 O, V. MN BA, MU, PA, FE Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo FS I AMS (AF) FCF02707 V BA Xiphorhynchus guttatoides FS I FCF01001, WA2967601 O, V, MN BA, PA, FE Xenopidae Xenops minutus FS I V, MN BA, FE Xenops rutilans FS I WA3484857 O, V BA, PA Furnariidae Anabazenops dorsalis FS I x FCF01639 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Ancistrops strigilatus FS I FCF02212 O, V BA, PA Automolus infuscatus FS I FCF01647 V BA, PA Automolus melanopezus FS I x FCF01648 V BA Automolus ochrolaemus FS I FCF02131 O, V, MN BA, PA, FE Automolus rufipileatus FS I AC-947, 949 V, C, MN BA, FE Automolus subulatus FS I FCF01696, WA2968822 O, V BA, PA, FE Clibanornis watkinsi FS I x AMS (Inamb) FCF01658 V BA Cranioleuca gutturata FS I O, V BA Furnarius leucopus FG I FCF01684, AC-965 O, V, MN, BA, MU, FE Philydor erythrocercum FS I WA2968818 O, V PA, FE Philydor erythropterum FS I WA2973497 O, V BA, PA, FE Synallaxis cherriei FS I x NT FCF02194, AC-939 V, MN, C BA, MU, FE Synallaxis gujanensis FS I V BA, FE Syndactyla ucayalae FS I x DD NT FCF01760, WA3024890 O, V BA, PA, FE Pipridae Dixiphia pipra FS F AC-938 V, MN, C BA, FE Lepidothrix coronata coronata FS F V. MN BA Machaeropterus pyrocephalus FS F FCF01770 V BA, FE Pipra fasciicauda FS F FCF02250 O, V, MN BA, PA, FE Tyranneutes stolzmanni FS F V PA Onychorhynchidae Onychorhynchus coronatus FS I MN FE Terenotriccus erythrurus FS I MN FE Tityridae Iodopleura isabellae FS F WA2967600 O, V BA, PA Pachyramphus castaneus FS O V BA Pachyramphus marginatus FS O V BA Pachyramphus minor FS O FCF01729, WA2965228 O, V BA, PA Pachyramphus polychopterus FG O V BA, PA, FE Pachyramphus xanthogenys FG O FCF01730 V BA Schiffornis major FS F FCF01755 O, V BA, MU Tityra cayana FS O O, V BA, FE Tityra inquisitor FS O O BA Tityra semifasciata FS O FCF01766 O, V BA, FE Cotingidae Conioptilon mcilhennyi FS F AMS (Inamb) FCF01661 O, V BA, PA, FE Cotinga cayana FS F O BA Cotinga maynana FS F FCF02224, WA2960588 O, V BA, PA Gymnoderus foetidus FS F WA2969461 O, V BA, FE Lipaugus vociferans FS F V BA, PA Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema FS F WA2960587 O BA Querula purpurata FS F FCF01747 O, V BA, PA, FE Pipritidae Piprites chloris FS I FCF01739 O, V BA, PA, FE Rhynchocyclidae Cnipodectes subbrunneus FS I FCF01659 O, V, MN BA, FE Corythopis torquatus FS I FCF02142, WA2969463 O, V, MN PA, FE Hemitriccus flammulatus FS I x V, MN BA, FE Hemitriccus iohannis FS I FCF01692 O, V, MN BA, MU Hemitriccus sp. I V BA Leptopogon amaurocephalus FS I FCF01708 V BA, FE Lophotriccus eulophotes FS I x AMS (Inamb) FCF01711, WA2455230 O, V, MN BA, FE Mionectes oleagineus FS O V, MN PA, FE Myiornis ecaudatus FS I V BA Rhynchocyclus olivaceus FS I FCF02702 V BA Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum FS I FCF01767 O, V BA, PA, FE Todirostrum maculatum FG I WA2445562 O, V BA, FE Poecilotriccus latirostris FS I FCF02700 V FE Tolmomyias assimilis FS I FCF01768 O, V BA, PA Tolmomyias flaviventris viridiceps FS I WA3484859 O, V BA Tolmomyias poliocephalus FS I FCF00994, AC-945 O, V, MN, C BA, PA, FE Tolmomyias sulphurescens FS I FCF02262, WA2968820 O, V BA Tyrannidae Attila bolivianus FS I V BA, PA, FE Attila spadiceus FS I FCF01646 V, MN BA, FE Camptostoma obsoletum NF I O, V BA, FE Colonia colonus FS I FCF02140 O, V BA Conopias trivirgatus FS I FCF02141 O, V BA Elaenia spectabilis FS O FCF02150, AC-946 O, V, MN, BA, MU, FE Elaenia parvirostris NF O AC-950, 968 MN, FE Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus FG I WA2974478 O, V BA Lathrotriccus euleri FS I V BA Legatus leucophaius FG I FCF02234 O, V BA, PA, FE Megarynchus pitangua FG O O, V BA, MU, FE Myiarchus ferox FG O O, V BA, FE Myiarchus tuberculifer FG I V BA Myiarchus tyrannulus FG O V BA Myiodynastes maculatus FS O O, V BA, MU, FE Myiopagis caniceps FS I V BA Myiopagis gaimardii FS I O, V BA, PA Myiophobus fasciatus NF I V BA, FE Myiozetetes cayanensis FS O FCF02168 O, V BA, MU, FE Myiozetetes granadensis FG O FCF01716, WA2446761 O, V BA, MU, FE Myiozetetes luteiventris FS I V BA Myiozetetes similis FG O O, V BA, FE Ochthornis littoralis NF I FCF02246 O, V BA, MU Ornithion inerme FS I V BA, FE Philohydor lictor FS I FCF01733 O, V BA, FE Pitangus sulphuratus NF O FCF01740 O, V BA, FE Pyrocephalus rubinus NF I O BA, FE Ramphotrigon fuscicauda FS I x FCF01749, WA2455228, AC-959 O, V, MN, C BA, PA, FE Ramphotrigon megacephalum FS I x FCF01750 O, V BA, PA, FE Ramphotrigon ruficauda FS I V BA, FE Rhytipterna simplex FS I FCF02190, WA2973503 O, V BA, PA, FE Muscisaxicola fluviatilis NF I AC-948 C FE Sirystes albocinereus FS I FCF01758, WA2960595 O, V BA, PA, FE Phaeomyias murina NF O V FE Sublegatus obscurior FS I WA2445534 O MU Tyrannulus elatus FS I V BA, MU, FE Tyrannus albogularis NF I O BA Tyrannus melancholicus NF O O, V BA, MU, FE Tyrannus savana NF I WA2679292 O, V FE Zimmerius gracilipes FG I WA2960590 O, V BA, PA Vireonidae Cyclarhis gujanensis FG O FCF01667 V BA, PA, FE Hylophilus thoracicus FS I FCF01701 V BA Pachysylvia hypoxantha FS I FCF01700 V BA, PA Vireo chivi FS O O, V BA, PA Vireolanius leucotis FS O V BA, PA, FE Corvidae Cyanocorax violaceus FG O O, V BA, FE Hirundinidae Atticora fasciata FG I FCF01645 O, V BA, MU, FE Progne chalybea NF I O, V BA, MU, FE Progne tapera NF I O, V FE Stelgidopteryx ruficollis NF I O, V BA, MU, FE Tachycineta albiventer NF I O, V BA, MU, FE Troglodytidae Campylorhynchus turdinus FS I FCF02218, WA2455989 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Cantorchilus leucotis FS I FCF02135 V BA, MU Cyphorhinus arada modulator FS I AMS (Inamb) FCF01672 V BA Microcerculus marginatus FS I O, V BA, PA, FE Pheugopedius genibarbis FS I AC-958 O, V, MN, C BA, MU, PA, FE Troglodytes musculus NF I FCF02201 O, V BA, MU, FE Donacobiidae Donacobius atricapilla NF I WA3592768 O MU, FE Polioptilidae Polioptila plumbea FG I FCF01741, WA2455216 O, V BA, MU Turdidae Turdus amaurochalinus FG O FCF00999 O, V BA Turdus hauxwelli FS O FCF02706 V PA Turdus ignobilis FS O WA3484858 O, V BA, FE Turdus albicollis FS O AC-928 C FE Passerelidae Ammodramus aurifrons NF G WA2453563 O, V BA, MU, FE Parulidae Myiothlypis fulvicauda FS I O BA, FE Icteridae Cacicus cela FS O FCF01650 O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Cacicus haemorrhous FG O V BA Icterus cayanensis FS O FCF02232, WA2972498 O, V BA Icterus croconotus FG O FCF01705 O, V BA, FE Molothrus bonariensis NF O O, V BA Molothrus oryzivorus NF O O BA, FE Psarocolius angustifrons FS O FCF02184 O, V MU Psarocolius bifasciatus FS O FCF01743, WA2455988 O, V BA, FE Psarocolius decumanus FS O FCF02185 O, V BA, PA, FE Psarocolius viridis FS O O BA Procacicus solitarius FG O WA2672491 V FE Sturnella militaris NF I O, V MU, FE Mitrospingidae Lamprospiza melanoleuca FS F FCF01706 O, V BA, FE Thraupidae Chlorophanes spiza FS O O BA Cissopis leverianus FS O O, V BA, MU, FE Dacnis cayana FG O O BA, FE Dacnis flaviventris FS F O BA Dacnis lineata FS F WA2965226 O, V BA Hemithraupis flavicollis FS I O, V BA Hemithraupis guira FS I O, V BA Lanio luctuosus FS O WA2972493 O, V, MN BA, FE Lanio versicolor FS O AMS FCF02233, WA2961267 O, V, MN PA, FE Nemosia pileata FS O WA3208250 O BA, MU Parkerthraustes humeralis FS O FCF02233, WA2965223 O, V BA Paroaria gularis FG O WA2474270 O BA, MU, FE Ramphocelus carbo FG O O, V, MN BA, MU, FE Ramphocelus nigrogularis FS O FCF01748, WA2445536 O, V BA, MU, FE Saltator coerulescens azare FG O O, V BA, MU, FE Saltator grossus FS O O, V BA, PA Saltator maximus FS O O, V BA, MU, FE Sporophila angolensis NF G O, V, MN MU, FE Sporophila bouvronides NF G FCF02193, WA2445535 O, V BA Sporophila caerulescens NF G O BA, MU, FE Sporophila castaneiventris NF G O BA, FE Sporophila lineola NF G WA2904900 O BA, MU Tangara callophrys FS F WA2455227 O, V BA, MU Tangara chilensis FS F FCF02255 O, V BA, PA, MU, FE Tangara episcopus FS F FCF02256 O, V BA, MU, FE Tangara mexicana FS F FCF02197, WA2967599 O, V BA, MU Tangara nigrocincta FS F FCF02257, WA2961265 O, V BA Tangara palmarum FG O O, V BA, MU, FE Tangara schrankii FS F O, MN BA, FE Tangara velia FS F WA3484698 O, V BA, FE Tersina viridis FS F O, V BA, PA Volatinia jacarina NF G O, V. MN BA, MU, FE Cardinalidae Cyanoloxia rothschildii FS O FCF02145, FCF02225 V BA, PA, FE Fringillidae Euphonia chlorotica FG F V FE Euphonia chrysopasta FS F FCF01678, O, V BA, MU, PA, FE Euphonia minuta FS F V BA, PA Euphonia rufiventris FS F WA3484861 O, V BA, PA, FE

Families	Species1	Dep2	Guild3	Bamboo4	Endemism5	Red list6		Voucher7	Rercording8	Municipality
						BR	G
Tinamidae	Crypturellus atrocapillus	FS	O		AMS (AF)		NT	FCF01662, WA2455992	O, V	BA, PA, MU, FE
	Crypturellus bartletti	FS	O		AMS (Inamb)			FCF01663	V	BA, MU
	Crypturellus cinereus	FS	O					FCF01665	V	BA, PA, FE
	Crypturellus obsoletus	FS	O					FCF02143	V	BA, FE
	Crypturellus soui	FS	O					FCF02144	V	BA, FE
	Crypturellus undulatus	FS	O						V	BA, MU, FE
	Crypturellus variegatus	FS	O						V	BA
	Tinamus guttatus	FS	O				NT	FCF01765	V	BA, PA
	Tinamus major	FS	O				NT	WA3717225	O, V	BA, FE
	Tinamus tao	FS	O			VU	VU	FCF02260, FCF02261, WA3717226	O, V	BA
Anhimidae	Anhima cornuta	NF	O						O	MU
Anatidae	Amazonetta brasiliensis	NF	P						O	MU, FE
Cracidae	Aburria cumanensis	FS	F					WA2965224	O	BA
	Ortalis guttata	FG	F					WA2968821	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Pauxi tuberosa	FS	O					WA2969460	O	BA
	Penelope jacquacu	FS	O						O, V	BA, PA
Odontophoridae	Odontophorus stellatus	FS	O					WA3717224	O, V	BA, FE
Podicipedidae	Tachybaptus dominicus	NF	P					WA2669959	O	FE
Ciconiidae	Mycteria americana	NF	P					WA2446772	O	BA, MU, FE
Anhingidae	Anhinga anhinga	NF	P						O	FE
Phalacrocoracidae	Nannopterum brasilianus	NF	P						O	BA
Ardeidae	Ardea alba	NF	P						O	BA, MU, FE
	Ardea cocoi	NF	P						O	BA, MU
	Bubulcus ibis	NF	I						O	BA, MU, FE
	Butorides striata	NF	P						O	BA
	Egretta thula	NF	P						O	BA, FE
	Pilherodius pileatus	NF	P					WA2453561	O, V	BA, FE
	Tigrisoma lineatum	FG	P						O	BA, MU, FE
Threskiornithidae	Mesembrinibis cayennensis	NF	M						O	MU
Cathartidae	Cathartes aura	NF	S						O	BA, MU, FE
	Cathartes melambrotus	FS	S					WA2968926	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Coragyps atratus	NF	S						O	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Sarcoramphus papa	FG	S			NT			O	BA, PA
Accipitridae	Accipiter poliogaster	FS	C			DD	NT		O, V	MU
	Accipiter superciliosus	FS	C						O	BA
	Busarellus nigricollis	FG	M						O	MU
	Buteo albonotatus	NF	C						O,	BA, MU
	Buteo brachyurus	FG	C						O	BA
	Buteo nitidus	FG	C						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Buteogallus schistaceus	FS	C					FCF02217/ WA2580203	O, V	BA, MU
	Elanoides forficatus	NF	C						O	BA, FE
	Geranoaetus albicaudatus	NF	C						O	MU
	Geranospiza caerulescens	FG	C						O	BA
	Harpagus bidentatus	FS	C					WA2966608	O, V	BA, FE
	Ictinia plumbea	FG	C						O, V	BA, FE
	Leptodon cayanensis	FS	C					FCF02235	O, V	BA
	Pseudastur albicollis	FS	C					WA2455990	O	BA
	Rostrhamus sociabilis	NF	M						O	BA
	Harpia harpyja	FS	C			VU	NT		O	MU
	Helicolestes hamatus	FS	M					WA2904859	O	MU, FE
	Rupornis magnirostris	NF	C					FCF01752	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Urubitinga urubitinga	FG	O					WA1683501	V	MU
	Morphnus guianensis	FS	C			VU	NT		O	FE
	Spizaetus melanoleucus	FS	C						O	BA
	Spizaetus tyrannus	FS	C						O, V	BA
Eurypygidae	Eurypyga helias	FS	C					FCF02229	O, V	MU
Psophiidae	Psophia leucoptera	FS	O		AMS (Inamb)		NT	FCF02252, WA3717231	O, V	BA, MU, FE
Rallidae	Aramides cajaneus	FG	O						V	BA, FE
	Laterallus melanophaius	FG	O					WA2671711	O, V	FE
	Laterallus exilis	NF	O						V	FE
	Laterallus fasciatus	NF	O				LC	WA2939709, WA3082943	O, V	MU
	Porphyrio martinicus	NF	O						O	FE
	Laterallus viridis	FG	O						V	BA
Charadriidae	Vanellus cayanus	NF	I					WA2446767	O	BA, MU
	Vanellus chilensis	NF	I						O, V	BA, MU, FE
Jacanidae	Jacana jacana	NF	O						O, V	BA, FE
Sternidae	Phaetusa simplex	NF	P					WA2455973	O	BA
	Sternula superciliaris	NF	P					WA3355908	O	BA, MU
Scolopacidae	Calidris fuscicollis	NF	M						O	MU
	Calidris melanotos	NF	M						O	MU
	Tringa solitaria	NF	M					WA2671698	O	FE
Rynchopidae	Rynchops niger	NF	P					WA3355912	O	BA, MU
Columbidae	Columbina talpacoti	NF	G						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Leptotila rufaxilla	FS	F					FCF02159, FCF02207	V	BA, FE
	Leptotila verreauxi	FG	F						V	BA, PA, FE
	Geotrygon montana	FS	F						MN	FE
	Patagioenas plumbea	FS	F					WA2445561	O, V	BA, PA
	Patagioenas subvinacea	FS	F				VU	FCF01731	O, V	BA, PA, FE
Opisthocomidae	Opisthocomus hoazin	FS	Fo					WA2446768/WA2474281	O, V	BA, MU, FE
Cuculidae	Coccycua minuta	FS	I					FCF02692	V	BA
	Coccyzus melacoryphus	FG	I						O, V	BA
	Crotophaga ani	NF	I						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Crotophaga major	FG	I						O	FE
	Dromococcyx pavoninus	FS	I	x				FCF02226	V	BA
	Dromococcyx phasianellus	FS	I					FCF02227	V	BA
	Piaya cayana	FG	I						O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Piaya melanogaster	FS	I					FCF01736	V	BA
Strigidae	Athene cunicularia	NF	C					WA2968819	O	BA, MU
	Glaucidium brasilianum	FG	C						O, V	BA
	Tyto furcata	NF	C						O	FE
	Asio clamator	NF	C						O	FE
	Glaucidium hardyi	FS	C						V	BA
	Lophostrix cristata	FS	C					WA3484853	O, V	BA
	Megascops usta	FS	C					FCF02237	O, V	BA
Nyctibiidae	Nyctibius aethereus	FS	I					FCF02175, WA2967595	O, V	MU
	Nyctibius grandis	FG	I					WA2973499	O, V	BA, MU
	Nyctibius griseus	FG	I						O, V	BA, FE
Steatornithidae	Steatornis caripensis	FS	F						O	MU
Caprimulgidae	Antrostomus sericocaudatus	FS	I					FCF02214	O, V	BA, MU
	Chordeiles rupestris	NF	I						O	MU
	Hydropsalis climacocerca	FG	I						O	BA
	Hydropsalis parvula	NF	I						V	BA, FE
	Lurocalis semitorquatus	FS	I						O, V	BA
	Nyctidromus albicollis	FG	I					FCF02176	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Nyctiphrynus ocellatus	FS	I					FCF02244, AC-972	O, V, MN, C	BA, FE
Apodidae	Chaetura brachyura	FG	I					WA2966613	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Chaetura cinereiventris	FG	I					FCF01656, FCF02222	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Chaetura egregia	FS	I					FCF02138, WA2966616	O, V	BA
	Chaetura viridipennis	FS	I					FCF02139, WA2446773	O, V	BA, FE
	Panyptila cayennensis	FS	I						O, V	BA, FE
	Tachornis squamata	NF	I						MN	FE
Trochilidae	Amazilia lactea bartletti	FS	N		AMS (Inamb)			FCF02211, WA2453560	O, V	BA
	Anthracothorax nigricollis	FG	N						O, V	BA
	Chlorostilbon mellisugus	FG	N					FCF01657	O, V	BA, FE
	Chrysuronia oenone	FS	N						O	BA, MU
	Florisuga mellivora	FS	N						O	BA
	Glaucis hirsutus	FS	N					WA2973502, AC-973	O, V, MN, C	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Heliodoxa aurescens	FS	N						O, V	BA
	Heliomaster longirostris	FS	N					WA2446770	O, V	BA
	Phaethornis bourcieri	FS	N					FCF02248, WA2960614, AC-930, 960, 974	O, V, MN, C	PA, FE
	Phaethornis hispidus	FS	N					FCF02179, WA2969462, AC-931	O, V, MN, C	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Phaethornis malaris	FS	N						O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Phaethornis ruber	FS	N					FCF02249	O, V, MN	BA, PA, FE
	Thalurania furcata	FG	N					WA3484851	O	BA, FE
	Threnetes leucurus	FS	N					FCF01764, WA2961269, AC-932	O, V, MN, C	BA, PA, FE
Trogonidae	Trogon collaris	FS	O					WA2960594	O, V	BA, PA
	Trogon curucui	FS	O					FCF02263, WA2974471	O, V	BA, PA, MU, FE
	Trogon melanurus	FS	O						O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Trogon ramonianus	FS	O					WA2968823	O, V	BA, FE
	Trogon rufus	FS	O					XC386032	V	FE
	Trogon viridis	FS	O						O, V	BA, PA, FE
Alcedinidae	Chloroceryle americana	FG	P						O, V	BA, FE
	Chloroceryle amazona	NF	P						O	FE
	Chloroceryle inda	FS	P						O	FE
	Megaceryle torquata	FG	P						O	BA, FE
Momotidae	Baryphthengus martii	FS	O						V	BA, FE
	Electron platyrhynchum	FS	O					FCF02151, WA2973501	O, V	BA, PA
	Momotus momota	FS	O					FCF02167, AC-962	V, MN, C	BA, PA, FE
Galbulidae	Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus	FS	I		AMS (Inamb)			FCF01685, WA2972491, WA2474264	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Galbula cyanescens	FS	I		AMS (Inamb)			FCF01686 / WA2974473	O, V, MN	BA, PA, FE
	Galbula dea	FS	I					WA2446771	O	BA
	Jacamerops aureus	FS	I					FCF02157	O, V	BA, PA, FE
Bucconidae	Bucco macrodactylus	FS	I					FCF02216 / WA3187712	V	BA, MU, FE
	Bucco capensis	FS	I						O	FE
	Chelidoptera tenebrosa	FG	I						O, V	BA, FE
	Malacoptila semicincta	FS	I		AMS (Inamb)				O	BA
	Monasa flavirostris	FS	I					FCF01714, WA2974475	O, V	BA, PA
	Monasa morphoeus	FS	I					WA2965233	O, V	BA, FE
	Monasa nigrifrons	FS	I					FCF01715, WA2445540	O, V	BA, FE
	Nonnula sclateri	FS	I	x	AMS (Inamb)				O, MN	FE
	Nonnula ruficapilla ruficapilla	FS	I	x	AMS (Inamb)			FCF02174, AC-940	V, MN, C	BA, FE
	Notharchus hyperrhynchus	FS	I					WA2455221	O	BA
	Notharchus tectus	FS	I						O	BA
	Nystalus obamai	FS	I					FCF01728, WA2966606	O, V	BA, PA
Capitonidae	Capito auratus	FS	O					FCF01653, WA2973500, AC-963	O, V, MN, C	BA, FE
	Eubucco richardsoni	FS	O					FCF01677, WA2974474	O, V	BA, PA
Ramphastidae	Aulacorhynchus atrogularis	FS	O					FCF02129, WA2969457	O, V	BA, FE
	Pteroglossus beauharnaesii	FS	O		AMS				O	BA
	Pteroglossus castanotis	FS	O					FCF01745	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Pteroglossus inscriptus	FS	O					FCF02187	O, V	BA
	Ramphastos tucanus cuvieri	FS	O				VU	WA2967594	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Ramphastos vitellinus culminatus	FS	O				VU	WA3188466	O, V, MN	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Selenidera reinwardtii langsdorffii	FS	O		AMS (Inamb)				V	BA, PA, FE
Picidae	Campephilus melanoleucos	FS	I					FCF02132	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Campephilus rubricollis	FS	I					FCF01651, WA2966612	O, V	BA, PA
	Celeus elegans	FS	I					FCF02220, WA2617188	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Celeus flavus	FS	O						O, V	BA
	Celeus grammicus	FS	I						O	BA
	Celeus spectabilis	FS	I	x	AMS (AF)			FCF01654, WA2453569	O, V	BA, FE
	Celeus torquatus	FS	O					FCF01655, WA2455217	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Colaptes punctigula	FG	I					FCF01660	O, V	BA, FE
	Dryocopus lineatus	FG	I						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Melanerpes cruentatus	FG	I					WA3484855	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Piculus flavigula	FS	I						V	BA
	Piculus laemostictus	FS	I					WA2973496	O, V	BA
	Piculus leucolaemus	FS	I			DD		WA2616184	O, V	BA
	Picumnus rufiventris	FS	I	x				FCF01737	O, V	BA, FE
	Picumnus subtilis	FS	I	x	AMS (AF)			WA2849280	O, V	MU, FE
	Veniliornis affinis	FS	I						O	BA, FE
	Veniliornis passerinus	FG	I					FCF02265	O, V	BA, PA
Falconidae	Daptrius ater	FS	O					WA2584161	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Caracara plancus	NF	C						O	MU, FE
	Falco deiroleucus	FS	C				NT	WA2455971	O	MU
	Falco rufigularis	FS	C						O	BA, FE
	Herpetotheres cachinnans	FG	C						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Ibycter americanus	FS	O					FCF01704, WA2961264	O, V	BA
	Micrastur buckleyi	FS	C						V	MU
	Micrastur gilvicollis	FS	C					FCF02161-2164, AC-929	V, MN, C	BA, FE
	Micrastur mirandollei	FS	C						V	PA
	Micrastur ruficollis	FS	C					FCF02165	V	BA, MU, PA
	Micrastur semitorquatus	FG	C						V	BA
Psittacidae	Amazona farinosa	FS	F				NT	FCF01635-1636	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Amazona ochrocephala	FG	F					FCF01637-1638, WA2967596	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Ara ararauna	FG	F					WA2455991	O, V	BA, FE
	Ara chloropterus	FS	F			NT		WA3208314	O, V	BA, MU
	Ara macao	FS	F					FCF01643, WA2973498	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Ara severus	FG	F					WA2455970	O, V	BA
	Aratinga weddellii	FG	F					FCF01644, WA2455219	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Brotogeris cyanoptera	FS	F					FCF01649, WA2972497	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Brotogeris sanctithomae	FS	F						V	BA, MU
	Forpus sclateri	FS	F						O, V	BA, FE
	Forpus xanthopterygius	NF	F						O, V	BA
	Nannopsittaca dachilleae	FS	G	x	AMS (Inamb)		NT	WA2961270	O	PA
	Orthopsittaca manilatus	FG	F						O, V	BA
	Pionites leucogaster	FS	F		AMS			FCF01738, WA2455222	O, V	FE
	Pionus menstruus	FS	F						O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Primolius couloni	FS	F		AMS (Inamb)		VU	FCF01742, WA2453557	O, V	BA, FE
	Psittacara leucophthalmus	FG	F					FCF01744, WA2965239	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Pyrilia barrabandi	FS	F				NT	WA2969464	O	PA
	Pyrrhura rupicola	FS	F		AMS (Inamb)		NT	FCF01746, WA2972492	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Touit sp.	FS	F						O	BA
Thamnophilidae	Akletos goeldii	FS	I	x	AMS (Inamb)			FCF02209-2210	O, V, MN	BA, PA, MU, FE
	Cercomacra cinerascens	FS	I						V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Cercomacra manu	FS	I	x					V	BA
	Cercomacra serva	FS	I					FCF02221, WA2960591	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Cercomacroides fuscicauda	FS	I		AMS			FCF02137	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Cymbilaimus lineatus	FS	I					FCF01669, FCF02146	O, V	BA, MU, PA
	Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae	FS	I	x	AMS			FCF01670-1671, WA2455225	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Epinecrophylla leucophthalma	FS	I					FCF01674, WA2969459, AC-927, 935	O, V, MN, C	BA, PA, FE
	Epinecrophylla ornata	FS	I	x				FCF01675, AC-941, 942, 956, 971	O, V, MN, C	BA, FE
	Euchrepomis humeralis	FS	I					FCF02152, WA2631121	O, V	PA
	Hafferia fortis	FS	I					FCF01718, FCF01771	V	BA, FE
	Hylophylax naevius	FS	I					FCF01702, FCF02230, AC-967, 970	O, V, MN, C	BA, PA, FE
	Hypocnemis subflava	FS	I	x	AMS (Inamb)			FCF01703, WA2972494, AC-937, 943, 944, 975	O, V, MN, C	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Isleria hauxwelli	FS	I					WA2445541	O, MN	BA, FE
	Microrhopias quixensis	FS	I	x				FCF01713, FCF02166, WA2904869	O, V	BA, MU, PA
	Myrmelastes humaythae	FS	I		AMS			FCF02169	V	BA, FE
	Myrmelastes hyperythrus	FS	I					FCF01719-1720, WA2445538	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Myrmoborus leucophrys	FS	I					FCF01721, WA2972496	O, V, MN	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Myrmoborus lophotes	FS	I	x	AMS (Inamb)		NT	FCF01722	O, V, MN	BA
	Myrmoborus myotherinus	FS	I					FCF01723, AC-957, 969	O, V, MN, C	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Myrmophylax atrothorax	FS	I					FCF01724	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Myrmotherula axillaris	FS	I					WA2960596, AC-955, 966	O, V, MN, C	BA, PA, FE
	Myrmotherula brachyura	FS	I					FCF01725-1727, WA2969458	O, V	BA, MU, PA
	Myrmotherula longipennis	FS	I					AC-926, 933, 934	V, MN, C	BA, PA, FE
	Myrmotherula menetriesii	FS	I					FCF02172-2173, WA2966615	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Myrmotherula multostriata	FS	I						V	BA
	Myrmotherula assimilis	FS	I					AC-936	MN, C	FE
	Neoctantes niger	FS	I						V	BA
	Oneilornis salvini	FS	I		AMS (Inamb)				O, V, MN	PA, FE
	Phlegopsis nigromaculata	FS	I					FCF01734-1735, WA2965234	O, V, MN	BA, PA, FE
	Sciaphylax hemimelaena	FS	I					FCF01757, WA2974480	O, V, MN	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Taraba major	FG	I					FCF01761-1762, AC-964	O, V, MN, C	BA, MU, FE
	Thamnomanes ardesiacus	FS	I						V, MN	BA, PA, FE
	Thamnomanes saturninus	FS	I		AMS				V	BA
	Thamnomanes schistogynus	FS	I		AMS (Inamb)			FCF02198-2200, WA3155295	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Thamnophilus aethiops	FS	I					FCF02705	V	BA, PA, FE
	Thamnophilus doliatus	FG	I						O, V	BA, FE
	Thamnophilus murinus	FS	I						V	BA, PA
	Thamnophilus schistaceus	FS	I					FCF02259, WA2960597	O, V	BA, PA
	Dichrozona cincta	FS	I						V	FE
	Willisornis poecilinotus	FS	I					FCF01000	O, V, MN	BA, PA, FE
Grallariidae	Grallaria eludens	FS	I		AMS (Inamb)			FCF01687	V	BA, PA
	Hylopezus berlepschi	FS	I					FCF01697	V	BA, PA, FE
	Myrmothera campanisona	FS	I					FCF01691	V	BA, PA
Rhinocryptidae	Liosceles thoracicus	FS	I					FCF01709	O, V	BA, PA, FE
Formicariidae	Formicarius analis	FS	I					FCF01680	O, V, MN	BA, PA, FE
	Formicarius colma	FS	I					FCF01682	V, MN	BA, FE
	Formicarius rufifrons	FS	I		AMS (AF)		NT	FCF01683	V	BA
Scleruridae	Sclerurus macconnelli	FS	I						O, MN	FE
	Sclerurus caudacutus	FS	I						O, MN	FE
Dendrocolaptidae	Campylorhamphus trochilirostris	FS	I	x				FCF01652	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Certhiasomus stictolaema	FS	I						V	PA
	Deconychura longicauda	FS	I						O, V	BA
	Dendrexetastes rufigula	FS	I					FCF01673, WA2965227	O, V	BA
	Dendrocincla fuliginosa	FS	I						O, MN	BA, FE
	Dendrocincla merula	FS	I						MN	FE
	Glyphorynchus spirurus castelnaudii	FS	I		AMS (AF)				MN	FE
	Dendrocolaptes juruanus	FS	I		AMS			FCF02148, WA2974476	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Dendrocolaptes picumnus	FS	I					FCF02149	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Dendroplex picus	FG	I					FCF02295	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae	FS	I		AMS			FCF01707, WA2973495	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Nasica longirostris	FS	I						O, V	BA
	Sittasomus griseicapillus	FS	I					FCF01759	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus	FS	I					FCF02266, WA2969465	O, V	BA
	Xiphorhynchus elegans	FS	I					FCF01004	O, V. MN	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo	FS	I		AMS (AF)			FCF02707	V	BA
	Xiphorhynchus guttatoides	FS	I					FCF01001, WA2967601	O, V, MN	BA, PA, FE
Xenopidae	Xenops minutus	FS	I						V, MN	BA, FE
	Xenops rutilans	FS	I					WA3484857	O, V	BA, PA
Furnariidae	Anabazenops dorsalis	FS	I	x				FCF01639	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Ancistrops strigilatus	FS	I					FCF02212	O, V	BA, PA
	Automolus infuscatus	FS	I					FCF01647	V	BA, PA
	Automolus melanopezus	FS	I	x				FCF01648	V	BA
	Automolus ochrolaemus	FS	I					FCF02131	O, V, MN	BA, PA, FE
	Automolus rufipileatus	FS	I					AC-947, 949	V, C, MN	BA, FE
	Automolus subulatus	FS	I					FCF01696, WA2968822	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Clibanornis watkinsi	FS	I	x	AMS (Inamb)			FCF01658	V	BA
	Cranioleuca gutturata	FS	I						O, V	BA
	Furnarius leucopus	FG	I					FCF01684, AC-965	O, V, MN,	BA, MU, FE
	Philydor erythrocercum	FS	I					WA2968818	O, V	PA, FE
	Philydor erythropterum	FS	I					WA2973497	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Synallaxis cherriei	FS	I	x			NT	FCF02194, AC-939	V, MN, C	BA, MU, FE
	Synallaxis gujanensis	FS	I						V	BA, FE
	Syndactyla ucayalae	FS	I	x		DD	NT	FCF01760, WA3024890	O, V	BA, PA, FE
Pipridae	Dixiphia pipra	FS	F					AC-938	V, MN, C	BA, FE
	Lepidothrix coronata coronata	FS	F						V. MN	BA
	Machaeropterus pyrocephalus	FS	F					FCF01770	V	BA, FE
	Pipra fasciicauda	FS	F					FCF02250	O, V, MN	BA, PA, FE
	Tyranneutes stolzmanni	FS	F						V	PA
Onychorhynchidae	Onychorhynchus coronatus	FS	I						MN	FE
	Terenotriccus erythrurus	FS	I						MN	FE
Tityridae	Iodopleura isabellae	FS	F					WA2967600	O, V	BA, PA
	Pachyramphus castaneus	FS	O						V	BA
	Pachyramphus marginatus	FS	O						V	BA
	Pachyramphus minor	FS	O					FCF01729, WA2965228	O, V	BA, PA
	Pachyramphus polychopterus	FG	O						V	BA, PA, FE
	Pachyramphus xanthogenys	FG	O					FCF01730	V	BA
	Schiffornis major	FS	F					FCF01755	O, V	BA, MU
	Tityra cayana	FS	O						O, V	BA, FE
	Tityra inquisitor	FS	O						O	BA
	Tityra semifasciata	FS	O					FCF01766	O, V	BA, FE
Cotingidae	Conioptilon mcilhennyi	FS	F		AMS (Inamb)			FCF01661	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Cotinga cayana	FS	F						O	BA
	Cotinga maynana	FS	F					FCF02224, WA2960588	O, V	BA, PA
	Gymnoderus foetidus	FS	F					WA2969461	O, V	BA, FE
	Lipaugus vociferans	FS	F						V	BA, PA
	Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema	FS	F					WA2960587	O	BA
	Querula purpurata	FS	F					FCF01747	O, V	BA, PA, FE
Pipritidae	Piprites chloris	FS	I					FCF01739	O, V	BA, PA, FE
Rhynchocyclidae	Cnipodectes subbrunneus	FS	I					FCF01659	O, V, MN	BA, FE
	Corythopis torquatus	FS	I					FCF02142, WA2969463	O, V, MN	PA, FE
	Hemitriccus flammulatus	FS	I	x					V, MN	BA, FE
	Hemitriccus iohannis	FS	I					FCF01692	O, V, MN	BA, MU
	Hemitriccus sp.		I						V	BA
	Leptopogon amaurocephalus	FS	I					FCF01708	V	BA, FE
	Lophotriccus eulophotes	FS	I	x	AMS (Inamb)			FCF01711, WA2455230	O, V, MN	BA, FE
	Mionectes oleagineus	FS	O						V, MN	PA, FE
	Myiornis ecaudatus	FS	I						V	BA
	Rhynchocyclus olivaceus	FS	I					FCF02702	V	BA
	Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum	FS	I					FCF01767	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Todirostrum maculatum	FG	I					WA2445562	O, V	BA, FE
	Poecilotriccus latirostris	FS	I					FCF02700	V	FE
	Tolmomyias assimilis	FS	I					FCF01768	O, V	BA, PA
	Tolmomyias flaviventris viridiceps	FS	I					WA3484859	O, V	BA
	Tolmomyias poliocephalus	FS	I					FCF00994, AC-945	O, V, MN, C	BA, PA, FE
	Tolmomyias sulphurescens	FS	I					FCF02262, WA2968820	O, V	BA
Tyrannidae	Attila bolivianus	FS	I						V	BA, PA, FE
	Attila spadiceus	FS	I					FCF01646	V, MN	BA, FE
	Camptostoma obsoletum	NF	I						O, V	BA, FE
	Colonia colonus	FS	I					FCF02140	O, V	BA
	Conopias trivirgatus	FS	I					FCF02141	O, V	BA
	Elaenia spectabilis	FS	O					FCF02150, AC-946	O, V, MN,	BA, MU, FE
	Elaenia parvirostris	NF	O					AC-950, 968	MN,	FE
	Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus	FG	I					WA2974478	O, V	BA
	Lathrotriccus euleri	FS	I						V	BA
	Legatus leucophaius	FG	I					FCF02234	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Megarynchus pitangua	FG	O						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Myiarchus ferox	FG	O						O, V	BA, FE
	Myiarchus tuberculifer	FG	I						V	BA
	Myiarchus tyrannulus	FG	O						V	BA
	Myiodynastes maculatus	FS	O						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Myiopagis caniceps	FS	I						V	BA
	Myiopagis gaimardii	FS	I						O, V	BA, PA
	Myiophobus fasciatus	NF	I						V	BA, FE
	Myiozetetes cayanensis	FS	O					FCF02168	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Myiozetetes granadensis	FG	O					FCF01716, WA2446761	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Myiozetetes luteiventris	FS	I						V	BA
	Myiozetetes similis	FG	O						O, V	BA, FE
	Ochthornis littoralis	NF	I					FCF02246	O, V	BA, MU
	Ornithion inerme	FS	I						V	BA, FE
	Philohydor lictor	FS	I					FCF01733	O, V	BA, FE
	Pitangus sulphuratus	NF	O					FCF01740	O, V	BA, FE
	Pyrocephalus rubinus	NF	I						O	BA, FE
	Ramphotrigon fuscicauda	FS	I	x				FCF01749, WA2455228, AC-959	O, V, MN, C	BA, PA, FE
	Ramphotrigon megacephalum	FS	I	x				FCF01750	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Ramphotrigon ruficauda	FS	I						V	BA, FE
	Rhytipterna simplex	FS	I					FCF02190, WA2973503	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Muscisaxicola fluviatilis	NF	I					AC-948	C	FE
	Sirystes albocinereus	FS	I					FCF01758, WA2960595	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Phaeomyias murina	NF	O						V	FE
	Sublegatus obscurior	FS	I					WA2445534	O	MU
	Tyrannulus elatus	FS	I						V	BA, MU, FE
	Tyrannus albogularis	NF	I						O	BA
	Tyrannus melancholicus	NF	O						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Tyrannus savana	NF	I					WA2679292	O, V	FE
	Zimmerius gracilipes	FG	I					WA2960590	O, V	BA, PA
Vireonidae	Cyclarhis gujanensis	FG	O					FCF01667	V	BA, PA, FE
	Hylophilus thoracicus	FS	I					FCF01701	V	BA
	Pachysylvia hypoxantha	FS	I					FCF01700	V	BA, PA
	Vireo chivi	FS	O						O, V	BA, PA
	Vireolanius leucotis	FS	O						V	BA, PA, FE
Corvidae	Cyanocorax violaceus	FG	O						O, V	BA, FE
Hirundinidae	Atticora fasciata	FG	I					FCF01645	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Progne chalybea	NF	I						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Progne tapera	NF	I						O, V	FE
	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis	NF	I						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Tachycineta albiventer	NF	I						O, V	BA, MU, FE
Troglodytidae	Campylorhynchus turdinus	FS	I					FCF02218, WA2455989	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Cantorchilus leucotis	FS	I					FCF02135	V	BA, MU
	Cyphorhinus arada modulator	FS	I		AMS (Inamb)			FCF01672	V	BA
	Microcerculus marginatus	FS	I						O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Pheugopedius genibarbis	FS	I					AC-958	O, V, MN, C	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Troglodytes musculus	NF	I					FCF02201	O, V	BA, MU, FE
Donacobiidae	Donacobius atricapilla	NF	I					WA3592768	O	MU, FE
Polioptilidae	Polioptila plumbea	FG	I					FCF01741, WA2455216	O, V	BA, MU
Turdidae	Turdus amaurochalinus	FG	O					FCF00999	O, V	BA
	Turdus hauxwelli	FS	O					FCF02706	V	PA
	Turdus ignobilis	FS	O					WA3484858	O, V	BA, FE
	Turdus albicollis	FS	O					AC-928	C	FE
Passerelidae	Ammodramus aurifrons	NF	G					WA2453563	O, V	BA, MU, FE
Parulidae	Myiothlypis fulvicauda	FS	I						O	BA, FE
Icteridae	Cacicus cela	FS	O					FCF01650	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Cacicus haemorrhous	FG	O						V	BA
	Icterus cayanensis	FS	O					FCF02232, WA2972498	O, V	BA
	Icterus croconotus	FG	O					FCF01705	O, V	BA, FE
	Molothrus bonariensis	NF	O						O, V	BA
	Molothrus oryzivorus	NF	O						O	BA, FE
	Psarocolius angustifrons	FS	O					FCF02184	O, V	MU
	Psarocolius bifasciatus	FS	O					FCF01743, WA2455988	O, V	BA, FE
	Psarocolius decumanus	FS	O					FCF02185	O, V	BA, PA, FE
	Psarocolius viridis	FS	O						O	BA
	Procacicus solitarius	FG	O					WA2672491	V	FE
	Sturnella militaris	NF	I						O, V	MU, FE
Mitrospingidae	Lamprospiza melanoleuca	FS	F					FCF01706	O, V	BA, FE
Thraupidae	Chlorophanes spiza	FS	O						O	BA
	Cissopis leverianus	FS	O						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Dacnis cayana	FG	O						O	BA, FE
	Dacnis flaviventris	FS	F						O	BA
	Dacnis lineata	FS	F					WA2965226	O, V	BA
	Hemithraupis flavicollis	FS	I						O, V	BA
	Hemithraupis guira	FS	I						O, V	BA
	Lanio luctuosus	FS	O					WA2972493	O, V, MN	BA, FE
	Lanio versicolor	FS	O		AMS			FCF02233, WA2961267	O, V, MN	PA, FE
	Nemosia pileata	FS	O					WA3208250	O	BA, MU
	Parkerthraustes humeralis	FS	O					FCF02233, WA2965223	O, V	BA
	Paroaria gularis	FG	O					WA2474270	O	BA, MU, FE
	Ramphocelus carbo	FG	O						O, V, MN	BA, MU, FE
	Ramphocelus nigrogularis	FS	O					FCF01748, WA2445536	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Saltator coerulescens azare	FG	O						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Saltator grossus	FS	O						O, V	BA, PA
	Saltator maximus	FS	O						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Sporophila angolensis	NF	G						O, V, MN	MU, FE
	Sporophila bouvronides	NF	G					FCF02193, WA2445535	O, V	BA
	Sporophila caerulescens	NF	G						O	BA, MU, FE
	Sporophila castaneiventris	NF	G						O	BA, FE
	Sporophila lineola	NF	G					WA2904900	O	BA, MU
	Tangara callophrys	FS	F					WA2455227	O, V	BA, MU
	Tangara chilensis	FS	F					FCF02255	O, V	BA, PA, MU, FE
	Tangara episcopus	FS	F					FCF02256	O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Tangara mexicana	FS	F					FCF02197, WA2967599	O, V	BA, MU
	Tangara nigrocincta	FS	F					FCF02257, WA2961265	O, V	BA
	Tangara palmarum	FG	O						O, V	BA, MU, FE
	Tangara schrankii	FS	F						O, MN	BA, FE
	Tangara velia	FS	F					WA3484698	O, V	BA, FE
	Tersina viridis	FS	F						O, V	BA, PA
	Volatinia jacarina	NF	G						O, V. MN	BA, MU, FE
Cardinalidae	Cyanoloxia rothschildii	FS	O					FCF02145, FCF02225	V	BA, PA, FE
Fringillidae	Euphonia chlorotica	FG	F						V	FE
	Euphonia chrysopasta	FS	F					FCF01678,	O, V	BA, MU, PA, FE
	Euphonia minuta	FS	F						V	BA, PA
	Euphonia rufiventris	FS	F					WA3484861	O, V	BA, PA, FE

Edited by: Luís Fábio Silveira

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  16 Apr 2021
• Date of issue
  2021

History

• Received
  25 May 2020
• Accepted
  13 Nov 2020
• Published
  18 Feb 2021