ECOPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR IN A PANDEMIC CONTEXT

Prado, Nágela Bianca do; Moraes, Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes de; Pinto, Karen Esteves Fernandes; Voda, Ana Iolanda; Synodinos, Costa

doi:10.1590/S0034-759020240203

Nágela Bianca do Prado

Conceptualization

data curation

formal analysis

funding acquisition

Investigation

Methodology

Project administration

Resources

Software

Supervision

Validation

Visualization

Writing - original draft

Writing - proofreading

editing.

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-7329

Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes de Moraes ^**Corresponding author

Conceptualization

data curation

formal analysis

funding acquisition

Investigation

Methodology

Project administration

Resources

Software

Supervision

Validation

Visualization

Writing - original draft

Writing - proofreading

editing.

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil

North-West University, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-0314

Karen Esteves Fernandes Pinto

Investigation

Methodology

Software

Validation

Visualization

Writing - proofreading

editing.

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7217-2632

Ana Iolanda Voda

Conceptualization

data curation

formal analysis

funding acquisition

Investigation

Project administration

Validation

Visualization

Writing - proofreading

editing.

Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Iaşi, Romania

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-0172

Costa Synodinos

Investigation

Methodology

Software

Validation

Visualization

Writing - proofreading

editing.

North-West University, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5770-535X

*Corresponding author

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Characteristics		%
Gender	Female	21.67
Gender	Male	78.33

Age	< 30 years old	2.36
	31 - 60 years old	62.99
	61 years old +	34.65

Education	Illiterate	0.79
	Incomplete primary education	6.30
	Complete primary education	8.66
	Incomplete high school	11.81
	Complete high school	33.07
	Incomplete higher education	11.81
	Complete high education	17.32
	Complete graduate	10.24

Marital status	Single	11.72
	Married	80.47
	Divorced	5.47
	Other marital status	2.34

Monthly family income	Up to BRL 1,045.00	4.65
	From BRL 1,045.01 to BRL 2,089.60	17.05
	From BRL 2,089.61 to BRL 3,134.40	25.58
	From BRL 3,134.41 to BRL 6,601.06	28.68
	From BRL 6,101.07 to BRL 10,448.00	23.26
	Above BRL 10,448.01	0.78

Questions	Standardized path loading	Mean	Standard Deviation	T-value	P-value	Source
Ecopreneurial Self-Efficacy
ESE1. I am convinced that I can contribute to facing social and environmental challenges (problems) if I dedicate myself to it.	0.812	0.811	0.036	22.634	0.000	Adapted from Hockerts (2017)Hockerts, K. (2017). Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171 https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171...
ESE2. I can find a way to help solve society’s social and environmental problems.	0.871	0.870	0.025	35.438	0.000
ESE3. Solving social and environmental problems is something I can contribute to.	0.837	0.836	0.029	28.958	0.000
ESE4. I feel prepared to work in an eco-company.	0.899	0.897	0.022	41.381	0.000
ESE5. I feel able to work in a company to contribute to environmental value creation.	0.903	0.901	0.021	42.564	0.000
Environmental Value Creation
EVC1. In my eco-company, we create new products, processes, services, or business models that did not exist.	0.791	0.789	0.058	13.601	0.000	Adapted from Domenico et al. (2010)Domenico, M. Di, Haugh, H., & Tracey, P. (2010). Social bricolage: Theorizing social value creation in social enterprises. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(4), 681-703. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00370.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010...
EVC2. In my eco-company, we use discarded, disused or unwanted resources for new purposes.	0.861	0.860	0.043	20.006	0.000
EVC3. In my eco-company, we use untapped resources that other organizations fail to recognize, value or use.	0.878	0.877	0.036	24.165	0.000
EVC4. In my eco-company, we adapt, rearrange and improvise materials as necessary.	0.928	0.927	0.027	34.346	0.000
EVC5. We are confident in our ability to find viable solutions to new challenges using our existing resources.	0.916	0.914	0.026	34.785	0.000
EVC6. We use any existing resource that seems useful to respond to a new problem or opportunity.	0.900	0.900	0.031	29.152	0.000	Adapted from Bojica et al. (2018)Bojica, A. M., Ruiz Jiménez, J. M., Ruiz Nava, J. A., & Fuentes-Fuentes, M. M. (2018). Bricolage and growth in social entrepreneurship organisations. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 30(3-4), 362-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.1413768 https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.14...
EVC7. We address new challenges by combining existing resources and other resources available to us cost-effectively.	0.958	0.957	0.011	86.863	0.000
EVC8. When dealing with new problems or opportunities, we act in an environmentally sound manner, assuming that we will find a viable solution.	0.928	0.927	0.019	48.654	0.000
EVC9. When combining our existing capabilities, we meet a surprising variety of new challenges.	0.935	0.934	0.020	46.408	0.000
EVC10. When facing new challenges, we create viable solutions from our existing resources	0.921	0.921	0.027	33.994	0.000
Environmental Engagement
ENG1. When shopping I take my own bag and avoid using plastic bags provided by stores.	0.701	0.697	0.056	12.510	0.000	Adapted from Kaida and Kaida (2019)Kaida, N., & Kaida, K. (2019). Positive associations of optimism-pessimism orientation with pro-environmental behavior and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study on quality of life and everyday behavior. Quality of Life Research, 28(12), 3323-3332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02273-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02273...
ENG2. I often turn off the faucet to conserve water (excluded).	0.452	-	-	-	-
ENG3. I turn off the lights that are not in use (excluded).	0.512	-	-	-	-
ENG4. Whenever possible, I prefer to buy refills over new products.	0.805	0.804	0.036	22.205	0.000
ENG5. When possible, I prefer to use public transport over a private car (excluded).	0.272	-	-	-	-
ENG6. I avoid wasting food (excluded)	0.330	-	-	-	-
ENG7. I choose to buy environmentally friendly (sustainable) products.	0.817	0.814	0.044	18.457	0.000
ENG8. I recycle waste at home.	0.596	0.592	0.077	7.710	0.000
ENG9. I dispose of waste properly in public places.	0.747	0.745	0.043	17.531	0.000
Empathy
EMP1. I try to put myself in the shoes of socially disadvantaged people.	0.828	0.822	0.052	15.811	0.000	Adapted from Hockerts (2017)Hockerts, K. (2017). Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171 https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171...
EMP2. Seeing socially disadvantaged people triggers an emotional response in me.	0.888	0.880	0.044	20.198	0.000
EMP3. I feel compassion for socially disadvantaged people.	0.901	0.896	0.039	23.262	0.000
EMP4. I am willing to fight to further social equality.	0.909	0.909	0.038	24.215	0.000
Moral Obligation
MOB1. It is an ethical responsibility to help people less fortunate than us.	0.806	0.807	0.040	19.933	0.000	Adapted from Hockerts (2017)Hockerts, K. (2017). Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171 https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171...
MOB2. We are morally obliged to help socially disadvantaged people.	0.903	0.900	0.027	33.529	0.000
MOB3. Social justice requires us to help those who are less fortunate than us.	0.936	0.936	0.013	71.409	0.000
MOB4. It is one of the principles of our society to help socially disadvantaged people.	0.865	0.864	0.034	25.237	0.000

Construct	ESE	EVC	EMP	ENG	MOB
Ecopreneurial Self-Efficacy	0.865
Environmental Value Creation	0.628	0.903
Empathy	0.557	0.328	0.884
Environmental Engagement	0.515	0.572	0.301	0.738
Moral Obligation	0.593	0.356	0.731	0.443	0.880

Cronbach’s Alpha	0.916	0.974	0.907	0.787	0.901
Composite Reliability	0.937	0.978	0.935	0.855	0.932
Average Variance Extracted	0.748	0.815	0.782	0.544	0.774

Hypothesis	Mean	Standard deviation	Path coefficient	T-value	P-value	Effect size (f²)	Significant at 5%?
MOB → EMP	0.749	0.052	0.743	14.282	0.000	0.952	Yes
MOB → ESE	0.451	0.065	0.454	6.951	0.000	0.291	Yes
MOB → EVC	0.122	0.074	0.127	1.708	0.088	0.020	No
ENG → EMP	-0.025	0.061	-0.030	0.496	0.620	0.002	No
ENG → ESE	0.322	0.065	0.314	4.866	0.000	0.140	Yes
ENG → EVC	0.520	0.100	0.516	5.148	0.000	0.325	Yes

Construct	R²	R² Adjusted	Q²
Ecopreneurial Self-Efficacy	0.431	0.422	0.315
Environmental Value Creation	0.341	0.330	0.274
Empathy	0.533	0.526	0.409

Relationship	Mean	Standard Deviation	T-value	P-value
Moderating Effect AGE - MOB -> EMP	-0.003	0.074	0.186	0.853
Moderating Effect AGE - ENG -> EMP	0.075	0.062	1190,000	0.234
Moderating Effect AGE - MOB -> ESE	0.020	0.123	0.073	0.942
Moderating Effect AGE - ENG -> ESE	-0.081	0.091	0.751	0.453
Moderating Effect AGE - MOB -> EVC	0.029	0.090	0.115	0.909
Moderating Effect AGE - ENG -> EVC	-0.016	0.089	0.176	0.860
Moderating Effect EXPERIENCE - MOB -> EMP	0.119	0.115	1.129	0.259
Moderating Effect EXPERIENCE - ENG -> EMP	-0.038	0.096	0.530	0.596
Moderating Effect EXPERIENCE - MOB -> ESE	-0.041	0.070	0.684	0.494
Moderating Effect EXPERIENCE - ENG -> ESE	-0.016	0.082	0.183	0.854
Moderating Effect EXPERIENCE - MOB -> EVC	0.060	0.068	0.780	0.436
Moderating Effect EXPERIENCE - ENG -> EVC	0.054	0.101	0.394	0.693

[1] *Corresponding author

Brasil

Brasil

ECOPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR IN A PANDEMIC CONTEXT

Comportamiento ecoemprendedor en contexto de pandemia

ABSTRACT