Impact of solar irradiance on gas exchange and growth of heliconia grown in a semi-arid region

Souza, Rafaela R. de; Silva Neto, José M. da; Silva, Raphael R. da; Souza, Geisse C. da S.; Figueiredo, Hebert F. de; Paiva Neto, Vespasiano B. de; Borges, Mônica C. R. Z.; Beckmann-Cavalcante, Márkilla Z.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n10p757-763

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 27 (10) • Oct 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n10p757-763 copy

Impact of solar irradiance on gas exchange and growth of heliconia grown in a semi-arid region¹ 1 Research developed at Petrolina, PE, Brazil

Impacto da irradiância solar nas trocas gasosas e crescimento de helicônias cultivadas em região semiárida

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

The photosynthetic behavior of the studied heliconia genotypes is not influenced by the light condition.

Plants of H. psittacorum cv. Golden Torch and cv. Red Opal are tolerant to high solar irradiations.

The shaded environment offers suitable conditions for the growth of heliconia during the vege-tative stage.

ABSTRACT

Light is essential for providing energy for photosynthetic reactions and has a complex and not yet fully understood effect on heliconia growth and yield. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of light intensity on the growth and photosynthesis of heliconia under semi-arid conditions and to screen potential genotypes tolerant to high solar irradiation levels during the vegetative stage. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, whose geographic coordinates are 09° 19’ 14” S, 40° 32’ 40” W, with an average altitude of 387 m. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, arranged in a split-plot scheme, and the treatments were composed of two light intensities (full sun and 50% shading) and five genotypes (Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinata cv. Golden Torch; H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal; H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two; H. rauliniana and H. rostrata). Growth and gas exchange assessments were conducted on the 100^th day after the trial initiation. Light intensity (full sun and 50% shading) did not influence the rates of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), or transpiration (E) of plants. However, the isolated effect of the genotype revealed that plants of cv. Red Opal, H. bihai, H. rauliniana, and cv. Golden Torch had higher values of A, gs, and E. Overall, shading improved plant growth. We conclude that the genotypes H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal, and H. psittacorum cv. Golden Torch exhibited the greatest tolerances to high solar irradiance conditions.

Key words:
Heliconia spp.; photosynthesis; tropical floriculture; light stress

Areas	pH H₂O	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H + Al	SB	T
Areas	pH H₂O	(cmol_c dm^-3)
Full sun	6.06	0.50	1.64	0.97	0.0	0.86	3.39	4.25
Shading	5.92	0.30	2.25	0.77	0.0	0.82	3.43	4.25
	V (%)	P	Fe²⁺	Mn²⁺	Cu²⁺	Zn²⁺	OM (g kg^-1)
	V (%)	(mg dm^-3)					OM (g kg^-1)
Full sun	79.82	39.6	97.8	12.6	0.1	6.8	17.0
Shading	80.78	26.5	110.0	22.4	0.1	2.5	17.8

SV	Mean squares
SV	A	gs	Ci	ETR	VPD
Light intensities (A)	2.44^ns	0.0070^ns	4318.77*	1.51^ns	1.18*
Blocks	8.02^ns	0.0019^ns	44.55 ^ns	1.20^ns	0.01*
Residue (A)	18.16	0.0058	125.55	2.41	0.00
Genotype (B)	43.37*	0.0161*	693.36^ns	3.89^ns	0.07*
A × B	21.94^ns	0.0057^ns	1,290.55^ns	2.33^ns	0.02^ns
Residue (B)	15.72	0.0026	467.16	2.04	0.01
CV _(a) %	28.60	17.81	4.68	14.44	0.19
CV _(b) %	26.60	12.08	9.02	13.29	2.76
	Genotypes averages
	(mmol m^-2 s^-1)	(mol m^-2 s^-1)	(mmol m^-1)	(mmol m^-2 s^-1)	(kPa)
H. rauliniana	16.35 ab	0.46 a	248.30 a	11.27 a	3.14 abc
cv. Golden Torch	14.14 ab	0.39 ab	224.43 a	10.73 a	3.17 ab
cv. Red Opal	18.02 a	0.48 a	241.07 a	11.51 a	3.00 c
H. bihai	15.15 ab	0.45 a	250.50 a	10.85 a	3.07 bc
H. rostrata	10.85 b	0.35 b	233.65 a	9.43 a	3.28 a
MSD	7.01	0.09	38.24	2.53	0.15
	Mean squares
	LT	E	Ci/Ca	A/Ci	A/gs
Light intensities (A)	12.41*	0.076^ns	0.027**	0.0004^ns	1,412.2^ns
Blocks	0.05^ns	0.72^ns	0.001^ns	0.0001^ns	26.95^ns
Residue (A)	0.1519	3.89	0.002	0.0003	86.67
Genotype (B)	0.2601**	9.034*	0.020^ns	0.0007^ns	345.94^ns
A × B	0.19^ns	3.608^ns	0.031^ns	0.0006^ns	451.34^ns
Residue (B)	0.073	1.71	0.045	0.0003^ns	169.12
CV _(a) %	1.09	32.17	5.30	28.97	11.33
CV _(b) %	0.75	21.33	8.67	31.15	15.82
	Genotypes averages
	(°C)	(mmol m^-2 s^-1)	(--)	(mol m^-2 s^-1 Pa^-1)	(--)
H. rauliniana	36.10 a	7.16 a	0.637 a	0.067 a	75.81 a
cv. Golden Torch	35.77 ab	5.14 ab	0.573 a	0.064 a	92.40 a
cv. Red Opal	35.58 b	7.17 a	0.620 a	0.076 a	80.02 a
H. bihai	35.77 ab	6.67 ab	0.642 a	0.062 a	75.05 a
H. rostrata	36.01 ab	4.515 b	0.594 a	0.046 a	87.66 a
MSD	0.47	2.20	0.0941	0.0348	23.0096

SV	Mean squares
SV	NL	HEI	NT	TLA
Light intensities (A)	1.57*	17,035.35*	25.35^ns	5.54E^-9*
Blocks	0.19^ns	249.07^ns	22.50*	0.66E^-9*
Residue (A)	0.11	295.55	3.91	0.08E^-9
Genotype (B)	1.22*	2,831.29*	79.14*	5.01E^-9*
A × B	0.12^ns	1,361.81*	3.47^ns	0.60E^-9^ns
Residue (B)	0.26	338.26	5.43	4.89E^-9
CV _(a) %	15.71	25.56	28.18	12.97
CV _(b) %	24.02	27.35	33.20	35.58
	Genotypes averages
	NL	HEI	NT	TLA
H. rauliniana	2.13 ab	70.75 ab	6.42 b	38,433.34 ab
cv. Golden Torch	2.31 a	54.42 b	6.42 b	33,435.21 ab
cv. Red Opal	2.49 a	55.33 b	9.17 a	40,838.53 a
H. bihai	1.92 ab	63.75 b	9.75 a	27,505.82 bc
H. rostrata	1.68 b	92.00 a	3.33 c	15,258.17 c
MSD	0.59	21.45	2.72	12,902.86

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: rfag.fisio@gmail.com

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Impact of solar irradiance on gas exchange and growth of heliconia grown in a semi-arid region1 1 Research developed at Petrolina, PE, Brazil

Impacto da irradiância solar nas trocas gasosas e crescimento de helicônias cultivadas em região semiárida

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Impact of solar irradiance on gas exchange and growth of heliconia grown in a semi-arid region¹ 1 Research developed at Petrolina, PE, Brazil