Physiological characterization of grapevine rootstocks grown in soil with increasing zinc doses

Zalamena, Jovani; Melo, George W.; Santos, Henrique P.; Silva, Leandro S. da; Fialho, Flavio B.; Brunetto, Gustavo

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n10p973-980

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Manejo de Solo, Água e Planta • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 19 (10) • Oct 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n10p973-980 copy

Physiological characterization of grapevine rootstocks grown in soil with increasing zinc doses

Caracterização fisiológica de porta-enxertos de videira cultivados em solo com doses crescentes de zinco

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of grapevine rootstocks under increasing levels of Zn in the soil and to identify physiological variables that can be used as indicators of excess of Zn in the soil. The rootstocks SO4, Paulsen1103, IAC572, IAC313 and 420A were grown in pots containing soil, which received Zn doses of 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 mg kg^-1 of soil. Dry matter (DM), Zn content in shoots and roots, chlorophyll index, initial fluorescence (F_o), maximum fluorescence (F_m), maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Y-II) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were evaluated. The increase of Zn levels in the soil decreased DM in all rootstocks, and IAC572 was superior to the others. The variation in the indices of chlorophyll a and b had little expression in relation the soil Zn levels, but allowed identifying that the rootstocks Paulsen 1103, 420A and SO4 are sensitive to Zn toxicity and that IAC572 and IAC313 were not sensitive to the tested levels. Fluorescence analysis showed a negative effect of Zn contents on the variables F_o, F_m, Y-II and NPQ in all rootstocks, which proved to be good indicators of Zn phytotoxicity.

Key words:
heavy metal; toxicity; chlorophyll fluorescence; Vitis spp.

Rootstocks	Zn doses applied (mg kg^-1)					Mean	Equation
Rootstocks	0	20	40	80	160	Mean	Equation
	Shoot Zn contents (mg kg^-1)
IAC572	19.8	29.1	30.4	40.3	47.9	33.5 a
IAC313	18.5	29.0	30.1	38.2	51.4	33.8 a
P1103	14.1	18.4	23.9	32.3	39.6	26.5 a
SO4	17.5	20.8	29.0	34.3	48.5	30.0 a
420A	16.2	20.4	23.2	32.1	43.6	27.1 a
Mean	17.2	23.5	27.3	35.5	46.2	CV= 11%	ŷ =18.0 + 0.23x – 0.00014x²(R²=0.95^** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	Root Zn contents (mg kg^-1)
IAC572	37	129	297	397	634	299 a	ŷ = 39.2 + 5.85x – 0.013x²(R²=0.94^*** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
IAC313	34	69	163	263	474	205 bc	ŷ = 25.7 + 3.10x – 0.0018x²(R²=0.99^*** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
P1103	27	48	103	201	356	158 c	ŷ = 22.4 + 2.11x (R²=0.77^** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
SO4	29	75	130	288	275	159 c	ŷ = 6.8 + 4.56x – 0.018x²(R²=0.82^** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
420A	30	104	184	385	595	259 ab	ŷ = 15.5 + 5.08x – 0.009x²(R²=0.97^*** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
Mean	31	85	175	307	467	CV= 9%	ŷ = 23.2 + 4.21x – 0.0089x²(R²=0.99^*** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	Shoot dry matter (g plant^-1)
IAC572	26.8	31.1	29.7	32.3	23.3	28.6 a	ns
IAC313	16.1	15.4	11.2	10.8	7.2	12.2 b	ŷ = 15.7 – 0.056x (R²=0.55^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
P1103	11.0	12.0	10.7	9.8	9.1	10.3 b	ns
SO4	11.4	15.3	13.2	11.1	8.8	11.9 b	ns
420A	13.4	13.2	15.5	10.4	11.0	12.7 b	ns
Mean	15.7	17.4	16.0	14.9	11.8	CV= 13%	ŷ = 16.7 + 0.003x – 0.0002x²(R²=0.58^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	Root dry matter (g planta^-1)
IAC572	14.1	14.6	13.2	13.8	6.7	12.5 a	ŷ = 13.9 + 0.025x – 0.0004x²(R²=0.75^** , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
IAC313	4.1	3.6	1.9	1.2	1.6	2.6 c	ŷ = 4.3 – 0.060x + 0.00027x²(R²=0.68^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
P1103	2.8	3.2	2.2	1.3	2.1	2.2 c	ns
SO4	4.3	9.2	6.2	4.4	2.6	5.3 b	ns
420A	4.9	5.4	5.5	2.9	2.6	4.3 bc	ŷ = 5.4 – 0.019x (R²=0.39^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
Mean	6.1	7.2	5.8	4.7	3.1	CV= 23%	ŷ = 6.9 – 0.0142x – 0.00006x²(R²=0.59^* , * and *** Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )

Rootstocks	Zn doses applied (mg kg^-1)					Equation
Rootstocks	0	20	40	80	160	Equation
	ICa
IAC572	28.8 ab	31.8 a	29.7 a	27.3 ab	30.3 a	ns
IAC313	30.5 ab	27.6 a	28.8 a	28.6 ab	27.7 a	ns
P1103	27.1 b	24.3 a	25.6 a	23.5 b	21.6 b	ŷ =26.8 – 0.046x (R²=0.80^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
SO4	30.4 ab	27.1 a	29.4 a	27.4 ab	22.9 b	ŷ =29.9 – 0.041x (R²=0.76^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
420A	32.2 a	32.1 a	31.4 a	31.8 a	30.4 a	ŷ =32.2 – 0.011x (R²=0.63^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
					CV= 7%
	ICb
IAC572	7.5 c	9.4 a	8.4 a	7.3 b	8.2 ab	ns
IAC313	8.3 bc	7.4 a	7.6 a	7.5 b	6.9 bc	ns
P1103	7.6 bc	6.5 a	6.7 a	6.0 b	5.6 c	ŷ =7.5 – 0.03x + 0.00009x²(R²=0.86^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
SO4	9.2 ab	7.7 a	8.8 a	8.0 ab	6.2 c	ŷ =8.9 – 0.016x (R²=0.67^** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
420A	10.6 a	10.1 a	9.8 a	9.9 a	8.9 a	ŷ =10.4 – 0.009x (R²=0.81^*** * , and * Equation significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.1% probability level, respectively, by F test )
					CV= 8%

Rootstocks	Zn doses applied (mg kg^-1)				Mean	Equation
Rootstocks	0	40	80	160	Mean	Equation
	F_o
IAC572	103	97	106	120	106 a	ns
IAC313	97	94	108	120	105 ab	ns
P1103	76	87	79	80	80 bc	ns
SO4	68	80	80	79	76 c	ns
420A	102	95	91	140	107 a	ns
Mean	89	90	93	108	CV= 18%	ŷ =86 + 0.121x (R²=0.62^* * and ** Equation significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	F_m
IAC572	457	418	420	521	454 a
IAC313	468	424	543	582	504 a
P1103	341	432	389	413	394 a
SO4	347	421	422	406	399 a
420A	477	458	456	600	498 a
Mean	418	430	446	504	CV= 13%	ŷ =411 + 0.548x (R²=0.67^** * and ** Equation significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability level, respectively, by F test )
	F_v/F_m
IAC572	0.771	0.769	0.749	0.771	0.765 b	ns
IAC313	0.793	0.776	0.802	0.791	0.790 ab	ns
P1103	0.779	0.799	0.798	0.808	0.796 a	ns
SO4	0.805	0.811	0.812	0.807	0.808 a	ns
420A	0.787	0.790	0.800	0.768	0.786 ab	ns
Mean	0.787	0.789	0.792	0.789	CV= 23%	ns

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[1] jovanizalamena@yahoo.com.br (Autor correspondente)