OTIMIZAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA NUTRICIONAL NA PRODUÇÃO DAS CULTURAS

Fageria, Nand Kumar

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v02n01p6-16

RESUMO

O fornecimento adequado de nutrientes contribui, de forma significativa, tanto no aumento da produtividade como no aumento do custo da produção. Nesta situação, a otimização de eficiência nutricional é fundamental para ampliar a produtividade e reduzir o custo de produção. Vários fatores, como clima, solo, planta e suas interações, afetam a absorção e a utilização de nutrientes pelas plantas. Para a eficiência máxima de nutrientes, esses fatores devem estar no nível ótimo durante o desenvolvimento da cultura e a revisão de literatura mostra que existe grande potencial de se aumentar a eficiência nutricional através do manejo adequado dos componentes do sistema de produção.

Palavras-chave:
anuais; absorção e utilização de nutrientes; comprimento das raízes; variabilidade genética

ABSTRACT

The adequate supply of nutrients contributes significantly to increasing crop produtivity as well as cost of production. In this situation, optimizing nutrient use efficiency is fundamental for higher crop productivity and reduced cost of production. Several factors such as climate, soil, plant, and their interactions affect nutrient absorption and utilization by crop plants. To obtain maximum nutrient use efficiency, all these factors should be at an optimum level during crop development. A review of factors affecting nutrient use efficiency demonstrates a large potential to improve nutrient use efficiency by adequate management of cropping system components.

Key words:
annual crops; nutrient absorption and utilization; root length; genetic variability

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Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Jan-Apr 1998

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[2] BAILIAN, L.; McKEAND, S.E.; ALLEN, H.L. Genetic variation in nitrogen use efficiency of lablolly pine seedlings. Forest Science, London, v.37, p.613-628, 1991.

[3] BALIGAR, V.C.; BENNETT, O.L. NPK-fertilizer efficiency a situation analysis for the tropics. Fertilizer Research, Dordrecht, v.10, p.147-164, 1986.

[4] BHOWMIK, P.C.; DOLL, J.D. Allelopathic effects of annual weed residues on growth and nutrient uptake of corn and soybeans Agronomy Journal, Madison, v.76, p.383-388, 1984.

[5] BOHN, H.L.; McNEAL, B.L.; O'CONNOR, G.A. Soil chemistry New York: John Wiley, 1979. 329p.

[6] BRUCE, R.C.; WARREL, L.A.; EDWARDS, D.G.; BELL, L.C. Effects of aluminum and calcium in the soil solution of acid soil on root elongation of soybean. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, Melbourne, v.39, p.319-338, 1988.

[7] CAMARGO, O.A.; FURLANI, P.R. Alumínio no solo: concentração, especificação e efeito no desenvolvimento radicular. In: SIMPÓSIO AVANÇADO DE SOLOS E NUTRIÇÃO DE PLANTAS, 2., 1989, Piracicaba. Anais... Piracicaba: ESALQ/USP, 1989. p.45-69.

[8] CAMPBELL, C.A.; ZENTNER, R.P.; SELLES, F.; McCONKEY, B.G.; DYCK, F.B. Nitrogen management for spring wheat grown annually on zero tillage: yield and nitrogen-use efficienty. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v.85, p.107-114, 1993.

[9] CARADUS, J.R. Root growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) lines in glas-fronted containers. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, Wellington, v.24, p.43-54, 1981.

[10] CLARK, R.B. Differential response of maize inbreds to Zn. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v.70, p.1057-1060, 1978.

[11] CLARK, R.B. Plant response to mineral element toxicity and deficiency. In: CHRISTIANSEN, M.N.; LEWIS, C.F., ed. Breeding plants for less favorable environment New York: John Wiley , 1982. p.71-142.

[12] COELHO, A.M.; FRANÇA, G.E.; BAHIA, A.F.C.; GESEDES, G.A.A. Balanço de nitrogênio _15N em um latossolo vermelhoescuro, sob vegetação de cerrado, cultivado com milho. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Campinas, v.15, p.187-193, 1991.

[13] COOKE, G.W. Maximizing fertilizer efficiency by overcoming constraints to crop growth. Journal of Plant Nutrition, New York, v.10, p.1357-1369, 1987.

[14] CRASWELL, E.T.; GODWIN, D.C. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to cereals in different climates. In: TINKER, P.B.; LAUCHI, A., ed. Advances in plant nutrition New York: Praeger, 1984. p.1-55.

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[17] ECK, H.V. Irrigated corn yield response to nitrogen and water. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v.76, p.421-428, 1984.

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[20] FAGERIA, N.K. Adubação e nutrição mineral da cultura de arroz Rio de Janeiro: EMBRAPA/Campus, 1984a. 341p.

[21] FAGERIA, N.K. Deficiência hídrica em arroz de cerrado e resposta ao fósforo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, v.15, n.3, p.259-285, 1980.

[22] FAGERIA, N.K. Maximizing crop yields New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992. 274p.

[23] FAGERIA, N.K. Resposta de cultivares de arroz a aplicação de calcário em solo de cerrado. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, v.19, n.7, p.883-889, 1984b.

[24] FAGERIA, N.K. Salt tolerance of rice cultivars. Plant and Soil, Dordrecht, v.88, p.237-243, 1985.

[25] FAGERIA, N.K. Soil acidity affects availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Better Crops International, Atlanta, v.10, p.8-9, 1994.

[26] FAGERIA, N.K. Solos tropicais e aspectos fisiológicos das culturas Brasília: EMBRAPA-CNPAF, 1989. 425p.

[27] FAGERIA, N.K.; BALIGAR, V.C.; WRIGHT, R.J. Aluminum toxicity in crop plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, New York, v.11, p.303-319, 1988a.

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[29] FAGERIA, N.K.; BALIGAR, V.C.; EDWARD, D.G. Soil-Plant nutrient relationships at low pH stress. In: BALIGAR, V.C.; DUNCAN, R.R., ed. Crops as enhancers of nutrient use New York: Academic Press, 1990b. p.475-507.

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