REFLEJO A LARGO PLAZO DEL ENTRENAMIENTO DE SALTAR CUERDA EN LA APTITUD FÍSICA DE LOS ATLETAS

rbme Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Rev Bras Med Esporte 1517-8692 1806-9940 Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte RESUMEN Introducción Saltar la cuerda es un ejercicio aeróbico que requiere poco tiempo y consume mucha energía, no necesita un gran espacio físico ni altas inversiones. Aunque existen amplios estudios en la literatura sobre sus beneficios a corto y medio plazo, las respuestas a largo plazo aún no son concluyentes. Objetivo Explorar los efectos a largo plazo del entrenamiento de saltar la cuerda en la salud física de los atletas. Métodos Se realizó un estudio aleatorio previo al protocolo de actividades regulares de educación física. El grupo experimental se diferenció por la práctica de un protocolo específico de equilibrio de cuerda a largo plazo. Las interferencias de los factores externos se controlaron durante las 12 semanas del experimento. Se analizaron los datos, la observación de los cambios en los indicadores de aptitud y el control estadístico. Resultados El tiempo medio para la carrera de 50 metros fue de 8,85s en comparación con los 9,63s antes del experimento. Una ganancia de 0,78s, que representa un aumento del 8% sobre la velocidad, el valor medio de las jóvenes antes del experimento era de 9,62s frente a 9,18s después del experimento. La ganancia de 0,44 segundos, representó un aumento del 4,6%. La percepción de bienestar mejoró y se redujo el número de lesiones con respecto al grupo de control. Conclusión El entrenamiento de salto de cuerda a largo plazo ha demostrado ser beneficioso para mejorar la forma física y reducir las lesiones en los atletas, y tiene el potencial de convertirse en una opción viable para el entrenamiento de la educación física. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados. INTRODUCTION Long-term skipping is an aerobic exercise that uses less time and consumes a lot of energy, it is not restricted by the venue and equipment, and it is not easy to be injured, so many people have liked it since childhood, and it is also one of the more respected fitness methods. If long-term rope skipping can be effectively promoted, then it will be able to effectively improve the strength, flexibility and endurance qualities of the athletes.1 Long-term rope skipping is one of the emerging sports, which is an innovation in rope skipping, its movements are simple and easy to master, practice is convenient and safe, and its forms are varied, and the effect is obvious and effective, and because of the long-term rope skipping combined with rhythmic music, the current hip-hop movements and the changes in formation, has a strong entertainment and viewing value, attracting more athletes to actively practice, long-term skipping exercises can effectively improve the physical fitness of athletes.2 In summary, long-term rope skipping has stimulated athletes’ enthusiasm for sports, it is helpful to improve the various indicators of physical fitness, but the related experimental research is still in the imperfect stage, this stage is the critical period for athletes’ physical growth, therefore, the author conducted a research on the influence of long-term rope skipping on athletes’ physical fitness, provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of long-term skipping rope.3 , 4 METHOD Research objects The author used long-term rope skipping on the physical fitness of athletes in a school, as the research object. ( Table 1 ) Table 1 Two groups of participants in the experiment. Control group test group Boy Girl Total Boy Girl Total 15 15 30 15 15 30 As athletes have already understood and mastered sports knowledge and related skills, their athletic ability is relatively high, the learning action is relatively fast, so it can meet the requirements of long-term rope skipping teaching, at the same time, the novelty of long-term rope skipping, the diversification of jumping methods and shaking methods, in line with their physical and mental characteristics at this age. Method Literature data method The author needs to search a total of 403 documents in the Capital Institute of Physical Education Library, CNKI, Baidu Academic and other databases, the retrieval content includes the effect of skipping rope on physical health, the effect of long-term skipping on physical fitness, and the strategies of long-term skipping in physical education, select the literature that has reference significance for the author’s thesis.5 Experimental Method In order to ensure the validity and rigor of the experiment, the author adopts an experimental method, design the experiment plan, plan the experiment process, in order to screen out the experimental subjects needed, the athlete group A is the experimental group, athlete group B is the control group. Before the experiment, the athletes will be tested on their physical fitness indicators the experimental group conducted long-term rope skipping teaching, the control group took regular physical education as required by the syllabus, at the same time, try to control the interference of external factors during the experiment, after the 12-week experiment is over, perform the experiment on the back side, ensure the reliability of data, conduct data analysis, observe the changes in physical fitness indicators. RESULTS Comparison results and analysis of the test scores of the two groups of physical fitness before the experiment In order to ensure the smooth progress of the experimental results, according to the experimental data processing procedure, after sorting and analyzing the measured data of the two groups of athletes. ( Table 2 ) Table 2 Comparison of the results of the two groups of physical fitness test scores before the experiment (N=30). Project indicators gender test group Mean + standard deviation Control group Mean + standard deviation P value 50m run(s) man 9.52 ± 0. 52 9.17 ± 0.60 0. 15 woman 9.52 ± 0. 44 9.73 ± 0. 71 0.381 Throw a solid ball (s) man 5.21 ± 0. 48 5. 3 ± 0.36 0.625 woman 4.52 ± 0. 61 38.36 ± 4. 41 0.253 1 minute sit-ups (pcs) man 39. 82 ± 9.65 38.36 ± 4. 41 0.601 woman 36.5 ± 4.30 37.06 ± 5.48 0.701 As can be seen from Table 2 , before the experiment, there is no significant difference between the two groups of basic physical conditions and physical fitness test results, whether it is comparison between groups or gender comparison, although there are differences, P>0.05, indicating that the experiment can be carried out. Comparative results and analysis of physical fitness test scores of the experimental group before and after the experiment After the athletes in the experimental group passed the intervention teaching of skipping rope at 12 weeks, the experimental group was compared longitudinally within the group, and the statistical results are shown in Figure 1 . Figure 1 Comparison of the average value of the 50-meter race before and after the experiment. Before and after the experiment of the experimental group, comparison results and analysis of athletes’ speed quality The statistical test results are shown in Figure 1: Boys and girls in the experimental group, after skipping the rope for 12 weeks, the speed quality index has improved in different ranges, through the 12-week rope skipping teaching, before the 50-meter running performance experiment, the average value of boys was 9.63s, after the experiment, the average value was 8.85s, and the speed increased by 0.78s, an increase of 8%, before the experiment, the average value of girls was 9.62s, after the experiment, the average value of girls was 9.18s, and the speed increased by 0.44 seconds, the increase was 4.6%, after paired test, the P (50-meter run) for boys and girls is 0.000 and 0.003 respectively, indicating that the difference is very significant, after passing the 12-week rope skipping teaching, the speed quality of the athletes in the experimental group improved obviously. Comparison results and analysis diagrams of athletes’ strength before and after the experiment in the experimental group (2), (3) The statistical test results are shown in Figure 2: After the boys and girls in the experimental group skip rope practice at 12 weeks, the index of the solid ball has been improved in different degrees, the average values of boys throwing solid balls before and after the experiment were 5.31 meters and 5.95 meters, respectively, the distance increased by 0.64 meters, and the increase rate for boys was 4.95%; The mean values of girls throwing solid balls before and after the experiment were 4.63 meters and 5.36 meters, respectively, the average score of girls increased by 0.73 meters, and the increase of girls was 4.36%, after a paired test, the P (throwing a solid ball) for boys and girls are 0.002 and 0.001 respectively, it shows that the long-term rope skipping is rich and diverse, which effectively enhances the athlete’s upper limb strength. Figure 2 Comparison of the mean value of throwing a solid ball before and after the experiment. As can be seen from Figure 3 , after 12 weeks of rope skipping intervention, after 1 minute sit-ups in the experimental group, the number of boys increased by 4.74, an increase of 11.9%, the 1 minute sit-ups for girls increased from 36.6 before the experiment to 44.87, the difference is 8.27. The number of 1-minute sit-ups for boys and girls has increased, after paired test, the P (1 minute sit-ups) for boys and girls are 0.01 and 0.000, respectively, indicating that the difference is very significant. Indicates that after passing the 12-week rope skipping teaching, the athlete’s waist and abdomen strength has been significantly enhanced, and the strength quality has been significantly improved. Figure 3 Comparison of the mean values of 1 minute sit-ups before and after the experiment. DISCUSSION Analysis of the influence of long-term rope skipping on athletes’ physical fitness The influence of long-term skipping rope on athletes’ 50-meter running index The 50-meter race reflects the athlete’s sprint running, the ability to move quickly. In the long-term rope skipping practice, as the athlete’s movement speed increases, the displacement speed also increases.6 Through long skipping rope, conducive to the development of the jumping power of athletes and keys, the 50-meter race is a speed force type, which requires a strong speed force, long-term rope skipping can effectively improve speed quality. In the process of shaking the rope, through continuous stimulation of key muscle groups such as the wrist, arm, and calf, enhance the explosive power and jumping ability of athletes’ lower limbs, improve the completion of the action, and the performance must have a sense of beauty. When the boys and girls in the experimental group performed long-term rope skipping intervention, the completion of each long-term rope skipping action, it’s the combination of the continuous jumping of the feet and the continuous shaking of the rope with both hands, every time I jump up and down, make the leg muscles contract and relax rhythmically.7 The effect of long-term skipping rope on athletes’ throwing solid ball index Throwing a solid ball can reflect the strength of the athlete’s upper limbs and waist and abdominal muscles. When throwing a solid ball with both hands, from bottom to top, from the lower limbs to the waist and abdomen, the force is transmitted to the upper limbs and throws forward, generally, the farther you throw, the stronger the force. After activation and balanced development of the muscles of each part of the trunk and upper limbs, and interactive rope, wheel jumping and transposition, and long rope rocking action require greater wrist and upper arm strength, when rocking the wave rope, two people need to swing the rope with their big arms, promote the growth circle of upper arm strength.8 During long-term skipping training, while the athlete keeps the rope swaying, it requires constant force exerted by the arm to control the rope, there are strict standards for the movement of holding the rope and the distance between the rope and the waist, iumping up saves time and effort, such as double rocking jump, side throwing, weaving flowers, and interactive rope exercise the arm strength very well.9 , 10 CONCLUSION Experiments show that, long-term skipping rope can effectively improve the strength and endurance of athletes. Skipping rope can also enhance the functions of the human body’s cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, and skipping rope also has a positive effect of relaxing emotions, at the same time, it can improve the flexibility and agility of the human body, keep your physical and mental health alive, reduce the potential risk factor of sports injuries. This is useful for promoting the mental health of athletes, improving the overall quality of athletes plays a very important role. REFERENCES 1 1. Zhao L, Zhao Y, Wang X. Athletes Physical Fitness Prediction Model Algorithm and Index Optimization Analysis under the Environment of AI. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2021;2021(1):1-10. Zhao L Zhao Y Wang X Athletes Physical Fitness Prediction Model Algorithm and Index Optimization Analysis under the Environment of AI Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 2021 1 1 10 2 2. Jeon Y, Eom K. 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