INFLUENCES OF BALANCE TRAINING ON SHOOTING QUALITY IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS

INFLUÊNCIAS DO TREINAMENTO DE EQUILÍBRIO NA QUALIDADE DO ARREMESSO EM JOGADORES DE BASQUETE

INFLUENCIAS DEL ENTRENAMIENTO DE EQUILIBRIO SOBRE LA CALIDAD DEL LANZAMIENTO EN JUGADORES DE BALONCESTO

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Inspired by the traditional way of basketball training, this paper presents a new method of balance training, which can effectively improve basketball players’ coordination ability and shooting skills.

Objective:

Explore whether balance training can improve the coordination ability and shooting ability of athletes.

Methods:

Twenty players from a professional basketball team were randomly selected as volunteers, and divided into two groups randomly. The control group adopted the traditional basketball training model. In contrast, the experimental group adopted the new balance training method, introducing basketball training contents such as technical manipulation, psychological training, physical training, tactical analysis, and instant selection.

Results:

The hitting rate of shooting and jumping increased from 25.64±18.02 to 39.25±12.29, with a rate of change of 53.04%. The running time of the Illinois run was reduced from 15.79±1.08 seconds to 8.679±1.42 seconds, and the rate of change of time reached -45.04%.

Conclusion:

The balance training method plays an important role in promoting basketball players’ coordination and shooting ability, and can effectively improve the rate of these players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Physical Education and Training; Postural Balance; Basketball; Physical Fitness

RESUMO

Introdução:

Este trabalho apresenta, inspirado no modo tradicional de treinamento de basquetebol, um novo método de treino de equilíbrio, que pode efetivamente melhorar a capacidade de coordenação e as habilidades de arremesso dos jogadores de basquetebol.

Objetivo:

Explorar se o treinamento de equilíbrio pode melhorar a capacidade de coordenação e a habilidade de arremesso dos atletas.

Métodos:

Vinte jogadores de uma equipe profissional de basquetebol foram selecionados aleatoriamente como voluntários, divididos em dois grupos aleatoriamente. O grupo de controle adotou o modelo tradicional de treinamento de basquete, enquanto o grupo experimental adotou o novo método de treino de equilíbrio, introduzindo conteúdos de treinamento de basquete tais como manipulação técnica, treinamento psicológico, treinamento físico, análise tática e seleção instantânea.

Resultados:

O índice de acerto de arremesso e de saltos aumentou de 25,647±18,02 para 39,25±12,29, com um índice de variação de 53.04%. O tempo de percurso da corrida Illinois foi reduzido de 15,79±1,08 segundos para 8,67±1,42 segundos, e o índice de variação de tempo foi reduzido em 45.04%.

Conclusão:

O método de treinamento de equilíbrio apresenta um papel importante na promoção da capacidade de coordenação e de arremesso dos jogadores de basquete, podendo efetivamente melhorar o índice desses jogadores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Descritores:
Educação Física e Treinamento; Equilíbrio Postural; Basquetebol; Aptidão Física

RESUMEN

Introducción:

Este artículo presenta, inspirado en la forma tradicional de entrenamiento de baloncesto, un nuevo método de entrenamiento del equilibrio, que puede mejorar eficazmente la capacidad de coordinación y las habilidades de tiro de los jugadores de baloncesto.

Objetivo:

Explorar si el entrenamiento de equilibrio puede mejorar la capacidad de coordinación y las habilidades de tiro de los atletas.

Métodos:

Veinte jugadores de un equipo profesional de baloncesto fueron seleccionados al azar como voluntarios, divididos en dos grupos aleatoriamente. El grupo de control adoptó el modelo tradicional de entrenamiento de baloncesto, mientras que el grupo experimental adoptó el nuevo método de entrenamiento del equilibrio, introduciendo contenidos de entrenamiento de baloncesto como la manipulación técnica, el entrenamiento psicológico, el entrenamiento físico, el análisis táctico y la selección instantánea.

Resultados:

El índice de acierto en tiros y saltos aumentó de 25,64±18,02 a 39,25±12,29, con un índice de variación del 53,04%. El tiempo de carrera de la carrera de Illinois se redujo de 15,79±1,08 segundos a 8,67±1,42 segundos, y el índice de variación del tiempo alcanzó el -45,04%.

Conclusión:

El método de entrenamiento del equilibrio presenta un papel importante en la promoción de la coordinación y la capacidad de tiro de los jugadores de baloncesto, y puede mejorar eficazmente el índice de estos jugadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Descriptores:
Educación y Entrenamiento Físico; Equilibrio Postural; Baloncesto; Aptitud Física

INTRODUCTION

For basketball, shooting is a very important training content. In basketball games, the most easy to score action is shooting.¹ Especially in high-level basketball games with high intensity and fierce competition, the shooting difficulty will increase, which will also lead to a certain reduction in the shooting hit rate of athletes whether they are in the defensive or empty state.² The main reason for the reduction of shooting hit rate is that after running or high-intensity confrontation, the athletes’ physical functions become tired, lose balance, and the shooting technical action is not in place, so the shooting hit rate decreases. At present, balance training has become a hot training content in all sports fields, and has been applied in various physical training projects.³ The shooting skills of modern basketball have become more advanced with the development of technology. The coordination ability and wrist skills of the players will make the hit rate higher. However, when the players shoot, whether they are defended or not, after running or confrontation, the hit rate will still be affected.⁴ Through the experiments and practical research of researchers, we can see that the traditional basketball training methods have certain weaknesses in the coordination ability and shooting skills of players, some unreasonable training content, and even reduce the shooting percentage and physical coordination ability of basketball players.⁵ The traditional basketball training method neglects the exercise of the flexibility and coordination ability of the players, which leads to the inability of the players to play their normal technical level in the game, and then leads to poor performance in the game. Some basketball training projects only focus on the upper or lower limb strength of the players. The overall strength training of the players is not balanced and the body is not coordinated, which leads to the decline of basketball skills and low shooting percentage.⁶ If you want to improve the performance of basketball matches, you can not only rely on traditional basketball training methods, but also need to constantly improve the training mode. In order to make up for the defects of traditional basketball training, improve the coordination ability of basketball players, and achieve better results in basketball competitions, balance training is an important training content for basketball players, and is also the key to achieving better competition results.⁷ Through consulting the training of domestic and foreign experts and scholars on the coordination ability and shooting skills of basketball players, it can be seen that there are many researches on the players’ skills and physical fitness, but there is still more room for development in the training of the players’ psychological ability and tactical ability.⁸ This paper puts forward a new model of balanced training for the coordination ability and shooting level of basketball players, aiming to improve the shooting hit rate and coordination by improving the players’ multiple abilities, so as to obtain better competition results, and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific training of basketball players in the future.⁹

METHOD

Experimental object

This experiment randomly selected 20 male players of a professional basketball team as the experimental subjects. The study and all the participants were reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Ningbo Childhood Education College (NO.NBCEC20-PTZ05). All the experimental subjects had relatively high physical function and skill level. They had undergone systematic basketball skill training and physical exercise. They had participated in basketball for more than 5 years, and their physical coordination ability and shooting percentage were stable at a certain level. All subjects have good physical quality, no disease or other psychological problems, and can actively participate in this experiment and complete all experimental training.

The experimental subjects were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The basic information of the two groups (age, height, weight and time for basketball training) is shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that there is no significant difference between the above four indicators of the experimental group and the control group, and the P values are greater than 0.05.

Table 1
Basic information of the two groups of subjects.

Category	Experience group	Control group	p
Age (years)	21.368±2.5560	22.093±3.0177	0.63210
Height (cm)	176.791±5.3968	180.156±6.9432	0.54177
Weight (kg)	71.181±7.0025	75.237±8.2549	0.36600
Length of training (years)	8.284±5.2308	7.052±4.5489	0.71948

Experimental methods

All experimental subjects are divided into experimental group and control group on average to ensure that there is no big gap between the two groups’ basketball competitive level of experimental subjects and that they are basically at the same technical level, so as to ensure the scientificity and effectiveness of this experiment. Before and after the experiment, the subjects of the two groups were tested for the following items to analyze whether the athletes achieved the experimental effect after experimental training. The test indexes of coordination ability include YBT test (minute), four corner round bar folding run (second), Illinois sensitive run (second), five corner round bar W run (second) and round bar dribble run (second). The test indicators of shooting skills include four indicators, namely, air change movement layup (score), touch the backboard pass (times), catch jump shot and dribble jump shot.

RESULTS

The influence of balanced training on the coordination ability of basketball players

The YBT test can reflect the balance and coordination ability of basketball players, so the test of this indicator can verify the effect of experimental training on subjects. The specific test score results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the test scores of the experimental group before the experiment were 89.233 ± 4.9231, and after the experiment increased to 97.146 ± 3.9595, with the change rate reaching 8.8678%, showing a very significant difference, with the p value less than 0.01; The test score of the control group before the experiment was 86.055 ± 6.6937, which increased to 89.452 ± 4.2173 after the experiment, with a change rate of only 3.9475%, showing no difference, and the p value was greater than 0.05.

Table 2
The Influence of Balanced Training on the Scoring Results of Basketball Players’ Coordination Tests.

Category	Time	Before experiment	After experiment	Rate of change	p
YBT test (points)	Experience group	89.233±4.9231	97.146±3.9595	8.8678%	0.00000
	Control group	86.055±6.6937	89.452±4.2173	3.9475%	0.15494

The four events, namely, four corner round bar folding run, Illinois agile run, five corner round bar W run and round bar dribble run, can effectively reflect the coordination ability of athletes, and have high requirements on the balance and coordination of athletes’ upper and lower limbs. The specific test data are shown in Table 3. From the data in Table 3, it can be seen that the test results of the four indicators of the experimental group, namely, the four corner round bar folding run, the Illinois sensitive run, the five corner round bar W run and the round bar dribble run, have been significantly improved, showing a very significant difference, with the p value less than 0.01. Among them, Illinois’ agile running performance improved most significantly, with the time shortened from 15.794 ± 1.0864 (seconds) to 8.679 ± 1.4222 (seconds), and the time change rate reached -45.0489%; 17.534 ± 1.6691 (seconds) of dribbling around the bar was shortened to 11.342 ± 1.8598 (seconds), and the time change rate reached - 35.3131%; The five corner winding W run was shortened from 12.091 ± 1.3825 (seconds) to 8.904 ± 1.5899 (seconds), and the time change rate reached - 26.3515%; The folding time of the four corner winding rod was shortened from 17.338 ± 1.2532 (seconds) to 13.230 ± 1.4278 (seconds), and the time change rate reached -23.6952%. In the control group, the results of Illinois sensitive running and five corner round pole W running improved significantly, with p value less than 0.05, showing a significant difference; There is no significant difference between the four corner round bar folding run and round bar dribbling run, and the performance improvement is not obvious.

Table 3
The Effect of Balanced Training on the Results of Body Test of Basketball Players’ Coordination Ability.

Category	Time	Before experiment	After experiment	Rate of change	p
Four corners turn around the pole and run in half (seconds)	Experience group	17.338±1.2532	13.230±1.4278	-23.6952%	0.00751
	Control group	17.531±1.3068	16.609±1.4123	-5.2571%	0.36354
Illinois Quick Run (seconds)	Experience group	15.794±1.0864	8.679±1.4222	-45.0489%	0.00637
	Control group	15.906±1.1907	12.642±1.2569	-20.5204%	0.03989
Five corner winding W run (seconds)	Experience group	12.091±1.3825	8.904±1.5899	-26.3515%	0.00948
	Control group	13.333±1.1173	10.145±1.2642	-23.9157%	0.04992
Dribble around the bar (seconds)	Experience group	17.534±1.6691	11.342±1.8598	-35.3131%	0.00786
	Control group	17.555±1.6486	15.309±1.6360	-12.7938%	0.12619

It can be seen from the data test in Table 2 and Table 3 that the balanced training mode can have a positive impact on the coordination ability of basketball players.

The influence of balanced training on basketball players’ shooting skills

Shooting hit rate is the key to achieve good results in basketball competitions. The shooting skills of athletes can directly affect the shooting results. This experiment tested the shooting skill indicators of the experimental group and the control group. The specific data results are shown in Table 4. It can be seen from the data in Table 4 that after the experimental intervention training, the score of the air change movement layup in the experimental group increased from 8.978 ± 0.6365 points to 12.843 ± 0.8405 points, with the change rate as high as 43.0459%, showing a significant difference, with the p value less than 0.05; The number of touch backboard passes increased from 29.210 ± 1.2247 times to 37.279 ± 1.4620 times, with a change rate of 27.6225%, showing a very significant difference (p<0.01). In the control group, there was no significant change in the air change movement layup score and the number of backboard touching passes, and the number of backboard touching passes also decreased.

Table 4
The Influence of Balanced Training on Basketball Players’ Shooting Skills.

Category	Time	Before experiment	After experiment	Rate of change	p
Air variation lay up (score)	Experience group	8.978±0.6365	12.843±0.8405	43.0459%	0.03664
	Control group	8.642±0.6185	9.697±0.6321	12.2084%	0.21570
Touch the backboard to pass (times)	Experience group	29.210±1.2247	37.279±1.4620	27.6225%	0.00855
	Control group	30.275±1.2721	30.124±1.2669	-0.5013%	0.38467

This experiment tested the indexes of catching jump shot and dribbling jump shot of basketball players’ shooting performance, and the specific data results are shown in Table 5. It can be seen from the data comparison in Table 5 that after the balanced training, the receiving jump shot of the experimental group has increased from 25.647 ± 18.0216 before the experiment to 39.251 ± 12.2937, with the change rate as high as 53.0404%, and the p value is less than 0.01, showing a very significant difference. The dribble jump shot increased from 28.415 ± 19.2692 before the experiment to 42.746 ± 12.4619, the change rate was 50.4349%, and the p value was less than 0.05, showing a significant difference. There was no significant difference between the two indicators in the control group.

Table 5
The Influence of Balanced Training on Basketball Players’ Shooting Performance.

Category	Time	Before experiment	After experiment	Rate of change	p
Catch jump shot	Experience group	25.647±18.0216	39.251±12.2937	53.0404%	0.00395
	Control group	25.393±12.6891	29.837±9.8766	17.5027%	0.29266
Dribble jump shot	Experience group	28.415±19.2692	42.746±12.4619	50.4349%	0.02486
	Control group	27.619±20.9434	29.630±9.9757	7.2793%	0.64214

From the above data, we can see that the balanced training mode can effectively improve the shooting skills and shooting results of basketball players.

DISCUSSION

Balanced training means that athletes need to master the ability of tactical analysis, psychological control, physical improvement, timing and skill control. The above five abilities play a vital role in basketball games. Moreover, these five factors are not independent but closely related. If athletes only master some of these abilities, they will have technical defects, The development of athletes is unbalanced and cannot be fully developed. Balanced training is based on traditional basketball training to make up for the development defects of players. For basketball players, if one aspect is relatively weak, and the other aspects have advantages, they cannot compensate for the weaknesses, because only five factors develop in a balanced way can they achieve better competition results. These five elements are organically combined and closely related to the systematic development of basketball players, and they constitute a complete training system. Therefore, based on the traditional basketball training mode, this paper proposes a new balanced training mode, which can help athletes improve their coordination ability and master shooting skills, thus comprehensively improving the basketball competitive level and promoting the all-round development of athletes.

Basketball is a fierce competitive sports event, which requires a high level of players’ tactical analysis ability, skill proficiency, physical quality level, psychological quality adjustment and opportunity selection ability. Good physical control ability is the basic guarantee to give full play to the other four elements. Only with high physical quality can shooting skills and other competition skills be developed. The skill control ability of athletes refers to that the athletes must have solid basic abilities and skills, master basketball skills skillfully, and be able to play all kinds of basketball skills well in basketball training and basketball matches, in addition to having high skill accomplishment.

CONCLUSION

Only when athletes have high coordination ability can they give play to their physical and technical advantages. Only when they master shooting skills can they improve their hit rate in the fierce basketball match and help the team to achieve higher competition results. According to the coordination ability and shooting skills of basketball players, this paper respectively tested nine indicators, including YBT test (minutes), four corner double run around the bar (seconds), Illinois agility run (seconds), five corner W run around the bar (seconds), around the bar dribble run (seconds), and air change movement layup (scores), touching the backboard pass (times), catch jump shot, dribble jump shot. After the balanced training, the scores of the above 9 indicators of the experimental group have been significantly improved, among which, the YBT test, four corner round bar folding, Illinois agility run, five corner round bar W run, round bar dribble run, touching the backboard pass, receiving and jumping shot 7 indicators showed a very significant difference, p value less than 0.01; There was a significant difference between dribbling jump shot and air change lay up, p<0.05. The results of this experiment show that the balanced training mode has a more comprehensive and scientific training effect than the traditional basketball training mode, and the coordination ability and shooting skills of athletes have been significantly improved.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The study was supported by “Science and Technology Project of China Railway Corporation, China (Grant No. 1341324011)”.

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  07 Apr 2023
• Date of issue
  2023

History

• Received
  28 Jan 2023
• Accepted
  10 Feb 2023