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The systemic perspective in the study of tourism

Abstract

The systemic perspective aims at explaining a given reality by simplifying its representation from schematic models. It is usually guided by the General Theory of Systems but it is not restricted to it. The complexity of the environment and the characteristics of its components are recognized. In the case of tourism several systemic models were developed aiming at representing the sector and its complexity. In this way, this paper presents the main systemic models of tourism, their constituent elements and their interaction process, in three chronological perspectives: from 1960 to 1980, from 1981 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2021. In each of these groups, the graphic scheme of one of the most present systems in tourism studies is shown. No model can be classified as definitive or absolute and, therefore, it is important to know them to move on in studies from this perspective.

Keywords
General Systems Theory; Systems Perspective; Tourism

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