Comportamento alimentar e dieta de Phrynops hilarii (Duméril &amp; Bibron) em cativeiro (Reptilia, Testudines, Chelidae)

Molina, Flavio de Barros; Rocha, Mario Borges da; Lula, Luiz Antônio Beserra de Mello

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751998000100004

Resumo

Since 1985 the biology and behavior of Phrynops hilarii (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) at São Paulo Zoo is being studied. Feeding behavior is divided in five phases (foraging, approach, capture, dilaceration and ingestion), but not necessarily all of them happen. During phase 1 the food or prey seems to be visually located. During phase 2 the food itens and stationaty preys are approached and examined by olfaction. Moving preys are pursued and there is no olfactory examination. During phase 3 the food is captured by suction. When food is bigger than turtle mouth it is dilacerated by one or both forefeet used alternately (phase 4). Ingestion is accomplished by gradual suction (phase 5). Intra and inter-specific cleptoparasitism was observed. Success in capture and ingestion of food seems not be dependent on species or size of the turtle. Adults, young, and hatchlings of P. hilarii are primarily carnivorous and vegetables were rarely eaten.

Testudines; Chelidae; Phrynops hilarii; spotted-bellied side-necked turtle; feeding behavior; cleptoparasitism

Comportamento alimentar e dieta de Phrynops hilarii (Duméril & Bibron) em cativeiro (Reptilia, Testudines, Chelidae)

Feeding behavior and diet of Phrynops hilarii (Duméril & Bibron) in captivity (Reptilia, Testudines, Chelidae)

Flavio de Barros Molina^I,II; Mario Borges da Rocha^I; Luiz Antônio Beserra de Mello Lula^II

^ISetor de Répteis, Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. Avenida Miguel Stefano 4241, 04301-905 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil

^IIBolsista da CNPq

ABSTRACT

Since 1985 the biology and behavior of Phrynops hilarii (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) at São Paulo Zoo is being studied. Feeding behavior is divided in five phases (foraging, approach, capture, dilaceration and ingestion), but not necessarily all of them happen. During phase 1 the food or prey seems to be visually located. During phase 2 the food itens and stationaty preys are approached and examined by olfaction. Moving preys are pursued and there is no olfactory examination. During phase 3 the food is captured by suction. When food is bigger than turtle mouth it is dilacerated by one or both forefeet used alternately (phase 4). Ingestion is accomplished by gradual suction (phase 5). Intra and inter-specific cleptoparasitism was observed. Success in capture and ingestion of food seems not be dependent on species or size of the turtle. Adults, young, and hatchlings of P. hilarii are primarily carnivorous and vegetables were rarely eaten.

Key words: Testudines, Chelidae, Phrynops hilarii, spotted-bellied side-necked turtle, feeding behavior, cleptoparasitism

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Ao diretor da Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, Dr. Adayr Mafuz Saliba, e aos demais colegas desta Fundação, pelo apoio e incentivos constantes. Aos Drs Ana Maria de Souza Oliveira, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Norma Gomes e Sérgio de Almeida Rodrigues, pelas discussões referentes ao comportamento alimentar e dieta dos quelônios. Ao Roberto da Rocha e Silva, pelas sugestões feitas ao manuscrito e ao Richard A. Sajdak, pelo envio de importante material bibliográfico. Ao Franco Leandro de Souza, pelas comunicações pessoais. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cienttífico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela Bolsa de Pesquisa concedida à F.B. Molina (processo 300328/95-8).

Recebido em 10.I.1997; aceito em 05.XI.1997.

Referências bibliográficas

Altmann, J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods. Behaviour49 (3-4):227-267.
Belkin, D.A. & C. Gans. 1968. An unusual chelonian feeding niche. Ecology 49 (4):768-769.
Bellairs, A. 1970. The life of reptiles. New York, Universe, vol. 1, XII+282p.
Bellairs, A. & J. Attridge. 1978. Los reptiles. Madrid, H. Blume, 261p.
Belmonte, F.T. 1991. Observaciones sobre el comportamiento de Phrynops hilarii (Dumeril & Bibron) (Testudines - Chelidae) en los ocho primeros meses de vida. Acta zool. lilloana 40 (1):5-12.
Campbell, H.W. 1967. The turtle in modern research. "How well will the turtle adapt to the moon's conditions?" Int. Turtle Tortoise Soc. 1:10-12.
Clark, D.B. & J.W. Gibbons. 1969. Dietary shift in the turtle Pseudemys scripta (Schoepff) from youth to maturity. Copeia 1969 (4):704-706.
Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L. 1994. Predation and defence amongst reptiles. Taunton, R & A Publishing Limited, VIII+138p.
Ernst, C.H. & R.W. Barbour. 1989. Turtles of the world. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, XII+313p.
Freiberg, M.A. 1981. Turtles of South America. Neptune City, T.F.H. Publications, I25p.
Froese, A.D. & G.M. Burghardt. 1974. Food competition in captive juvenile snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina. Anim. Behav. 22 (3):735-740.
Hart, D.R. 1983. Dietary and habitat shift with size of red-eared turtles (Pseudemys scripta) in a southern Louisiana population. Herpetologica 39 (3):285-290.
Hayes, F.E. 1987. Intraspecific kleptoparasitism and aggression in young, captive red-eared sliders (Pseudemys scripta elegans). Bull. Md Herpetol. Soc. 23 (3):109-112.
Hulse, A.C. 1974. Food habits and feeding behavior in Kinosternon sonoriense (Chelonia: Kinosternidae). Jour. Herpet. 8 (3):195-200.
Iverson, J.B. 1992. A revised checklist with distribution maps of the turtles of the world. Indiana, Ed. by the author, XIII+363p.
Mahmoud, I.Y. 1968. Feeding behavior in kinosternid turtles. Herpetologica 24 (4):300-305.
Manton, M.L. 1979. Olfaction and behavior, p. 289-301. In: M. Harless & H. Morlock (Eds). Turtles: Perspectives and research. New York, John Wiley and Sons, XIV+695p.
Medem, F. 1960. Informe sobre reptiles colombianos. (V) Observaciones sobre la distribucion geografica y ecologia de la tortuga Phrynops geoffroana ssp. en Colômbia. Noved. Colombianas 1 (5):291-300.
Medem, F. 1966. Contribuciones al conocimiento sobre la ecologia y distribución geográfica de Phrynops (Batrachemys) dahli; (Testudinata, Pleurodira, Chelidae). Caldasia 9 (45):467-489.
Mittermeier, R.A.; A.G.J. Rhodin; F. Medem; P. Soini; M.S. Hoogmoed & N. Carrillo de Espinoza. 1978. Distribution of the South American chelid turtle Phiynops gibbus, with observations on habitat and reproduction. Herpetologica 34(1):94-100.
Molina, F.B. 1990. Observações sobre os hábitos e o comportamento alimentar de Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) em cativeiro (Reptilia, Testudines, Chelidae). Revta bras. Zool. 7 (3):319-326.
Molina, F.B. & R.A. Sajdak. 1993. Observações sobre a preferência térmica e o comportamento de termorregulação no jacaré-de-papo-amarelo, Caiman latirostris, em cativeiro: Variações ontogenéticas e algumas comparações com outras espécies de jacarés neotropicais, p. 93-132. In: LM. Verdade; I.U. Packer; M.B. Rocha; F.B. Molina; P.G. Duarte & L.A.B.M. Lula (Eds). Anais do 3º Workshop sobre Conservação e Manejo do Jacaré-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris). Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 220p.
Monge-Nájera, J. & B. Moreva-Brenes. 1987. Notes on the feeding behavior of a juvenile mud turtle Kinosternon scorpioides. Herpetol. Rev. 18 (1):7-8.
Pritchard, P.C.H. 1984. Piscivory in turtles, and evolution of the long-necked Chelidae. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. (52):87-110.
______. 1989. The alligator snapping turtle: Biology and conservation. Milwaukee, Milwaukee Public Museum, XI+104p.
Pritchard, P.C.H. & P. Trebbau. 1984. The turtles of Venezuela. Oxford, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, VIII+403p.
Rhodin, A.G.J. & R.A. Mittermeier. 1983. Description of Phrynops williamsi, a new species of chelid turtle of the South American P. geoffroanus complex, p. 58-73. In: A.G.J. Rhodin & K. Miyata (Eds). Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology. Essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams. Cambridge, Mass., Museum of Comparative Zoology, 725p.
Souza, F.L. & A.S. Abe. 1995. Observations on feeding habits of Hydromedusa maximiliani (Testudines: Chelidae) in Southeastern Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 (4):320-322.
Spellerberg, I.F. 1982. Biology of reptiles: An ecological approach. Glasgow, Blackie & Son Ltd, VIII+158p.
Weldon, P.J.; B.J. Demeter; T. Walsh & J.S.E. Kleister. 1994. Chemoreception in the feeding behavior of reptiles: considerations for maintenance and management, p. 61-70. In: J.B. Murphy; K. Adler & J.T. Collins (Eds). Captive management and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. Ithaca, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 408p.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Jul 2009
Data do Fascículo
1998

Histórico

Aceito
05 Nov 1997
Recebido
10 Jan 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Altmann, J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods. Behaviour49 (3-4):227-267.

[2] Belkin, D.A. & C. Gans. 1968. An unusual chelonian feeding niche. Ecology 49 (4):768-769.

[3] Bellairs, A. 1970. The life of reptiles. New York, Universe, vol. 1, XII+282p.

[4] Bellairs, A. & J. Attridge. 1978. Los reptiles. Madrid, H. Blume, 261p.

[5] Belmonte, F.T. 1991. Observaciones sobre el comportamiento de Phrynops hilarii (Dumeril & Bibron) (Testudines - Chelidae) en los ocho primeros meses de vida. Acta zool. lilloana 40 (1):5-12.

[6] Campbell, H.W. 1967. The turtle in modern research. "How well will the turtle adapt to the moon's conditions?" Int. Turtle Tortoise Soc. 1:10-12.

[7] Clark, D.B. & J.W. Gibbons. 1969. Dietary shift in the turtle Pseudemys scripta (Schoepff) from youth to maturity. Copeia 1969 (4):704-706.

[8] Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L. 1994. Predation and defence amongst reptiles. Taunton, R & A Publishing Limited, VIII+138p.

[9] Ernst, C.H. & R.W. Barbour. 1989. Turtles of the world. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, XII+313p.

[10] Freiberg, M.A. 1981. Turtles of South America. Neptune City, T.F.H. Publications, I25p.

[11] Froese, A.D. & G.M. Burghardt. 1974. Food competition in captive juvenile snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina. Anim. Behav. 22 (3):735-740.

[12] Hart, D.R. 1983. Dietary and habitat shift with size of red-eared turtles (Pseudemys scripta) in a southern Louisiana population. Herpetologica 39 (3):285-290.

[13] Hayes, F.E. 1987. Intraspecific kleptoparasitism and aggression in young, captive red-eared sliders (Pseudemys scripta elegans). Bull. Md Herpetol. Soc. 23 (3):109-112.

[14] Hulse, A.C. 1974. Food habits and feeding behavior in Kinosternon sonoriense (Chelonia: Kinosternidae). Jour. Herpet. 8 (3):195-200.

[15] Iverson, J.B. 1992. A revised checklist with distribution maps of the turtles of the world. Indiana, Ed. by the author, XIII+363p.

[16] Mahmoud, I.Y. 1968. Feeding behavior in kinosternid turtles. Herpetologica 24 (4):300-305.

[17] Manton, M.L. 1979. Olfaction and behavior, p. 289-301. In: M. Harless & H. Morlock (Eds). Turtles: Perspectives and research. New York, John Wiley and Sons, XIV+695p.

[18] Medem, F. 1960. Informe sobre reptiles colombianos. (V) Observaciones sobre la distribucion geografica y ecologia de la tortuga Phrynops geoffroana ssp. en Colômbia. Noved. Colombianas 1 (5):291-300.

[19] Medem, F. 1966. Contribuciones al conocimiento sobre la ecologia y distribución geográfica de Phrynops (Batrachemys) dahli; (Testudinata, Pleurodira, Chelidae). Caldasia 9 (45):467-489.

[20] Mittermeier, R.A.; A.G.J. Rhodin; F. Medem; P. Soini; M.S. Hoogmoed & N. Carrillo de Espinoza. 1978. Distribution of the South American chelid turtle Phiynops gibbus, with observations on habitat and reproduction. Herpetologica 34(1):94-100.

[21] Molina, F.B. 1990. Observações sobre os hábitos e o comportamento alimentar de Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) em cativeiro (Reptilia, Testudines, Chelidae). Revta bras. Zool. 7 (3):319-326.

[22] Molina, F.B. & R.A. Sajdak. 1993. Observações sobre a preferência térmica e o comportamento de termorregulação no jacaré-de-papo-amarelo, Caiman latirostris, em cativeiro: Variações ontogenéticas e algumas comparações com outras espécies de jacarés neotropicais, p. 93-132. In: LM. Verdade; I.U. Packer; M.B. Rocha; F.B. Molina; P.G. Duarte & L.A.B.M. Lula (Eds). Anais do 3º Workshop sobre Conservação e Manejo do Jacaré-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris). Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 220p.

[23] Monge-Nájera, J. & B. Moreva-Brenes. 1987. Notes on the feeding behavior of a juvenile mud turtle Kinosternon scorpioides. Herpetol. Rev. 18 (1):7-8.

[24] Pritchard, P.C.H. 1984. Piscivory in turtles, and evolution of the long-necked Chelidae. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. (52):87-110.

[25] ______. 1989. The alligator snapping turtle: Biology and conservation. Milwaukee, Milwaukee Public Museum, XI+104p.

[26] Pritchard, P.C.H. & P. Trebbau. 1984. The turtles of Venezuela. Oxford, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, VIII+403p.

[27] Rhodin, A.G.J. & R.A. Mittermeier. 1983. Description of Phrynops williamsi, a new species of chelid turtle of the South American P. geoffroanus complex, p. 58-73. In: A.G.J. Rhodin & K. Miyata (Eds). Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology. Essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams. Cambridge, Mass., Museum of Comparative Zoology, 725p.

[28] Souza, F.L. & A.S. Abe. 1995. Observations on feeding habits of Hydromedusa maximiliani (Testudines: Chelidae) in Southeastern Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 (4):320-322.

[29] Spellerberg, I.F. 1982. Biology of reptiles: An ecological approach. Glasgow, Blackie & Son Ltd, VIII+158p.

[30] Weldon, P.J.; B.J. Demeter; T. Walsh & J.S.E. Kleister. 1994. Chemoreception in the feeding behavior of reptiles: considerations for maintenance and management, p. 61-70. In: J.B. Murphy; K. Adler & J.T. Collins (Eds). Captive management and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. Ithaca, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 408p.

Comportamento alimentar e dieta de Phrynops hilarii (Duméril & Bibron) em cativeiro (Reptilia, Testudines, Chelidae)

Feeding behavior and diet of Phrynops hilarii (Duméril & Bibron) in captivity (Reptilia, Testudines, Chelidae)

Resumo

Referências bibliográficas

Datas de Publicação

Histórico