Effects of soil amendments with green biomass on quality indices of coriander

Ferreira, Rayanna C.; Bezerra Neto, Francisco; Santos, Elizangela C. dos; Lima, Jailma S. S. de; Silva, Jéssica P. P. da; Freitas, Isaac A. da S.; Carmo, Iron D. de J. S. do; Bento, Jose E. A.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252024v3712418rc

Rayanna C. Ferreira

Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-800X

Francisco Bezerra Neto

Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-206X

Elizangela C. dos Santos

Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7074-3147

Jailma S. S. de Lima

Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-592X

Jéssica P. P. da Silva ^**Corresponding author: <j.palomaatm2@gmail.com>

Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-3125

Isaac A. da S. Freitas

Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Rural, Natal, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-0510

Iron D. de J. S. do Carmo

Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-9342

Jose E. A. Bento

Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6448-8179

*Corresponding author: <j.palomaatm2@gmail.com>

Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.

Cropping season	Temperature (ºC)			Air relative humidity (%)	Solar radiation (MJ m^-2)	Wind speed (m s^-1)	Rainfall (mm)
Cropping season	Minimum	Mean	Maximum	Air relative humidity (%)	Solar radiation (MJ m^-2)	Wind speed (m s^-1)	Rainfall (mm)
S1	24.77	29.32	35.95	61.08	19.29	2.83–9.91	4.30
S2	23.95	29.40	36.80	58.50	21.13	2.75–0.14	0.30

Season of cropping areas	N^* * N: Nitrogen; C: carbon; pH: Hydrogenionic potential; OM: organic matter; EC: electrical conductivity; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; Na: sodium; Cu: copper; Fe: iron; Mn: manganese; Zn: zinc; B: boron.	C	pH	CE	MO	P	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	B
Season of cropping areas	g kg^-1		(H₂O)	ds m^-1	g kg^-1	mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3			mg dm^-3
2021 (S₁)	0.60	6.90	6.30	0.44	11.90	24.0	2.36	1.73	2.25	4.80	0.50	5.70	11.20	3.80	0.58
2022 (S₂)	0.65	7.52	6.60	0.56	12.97	32.0	2.59	2.30	2.37	6.50	0.30	4.80	6.10	2.70	0.50

Green manure and cropping season	Macronutrient content (g kg^-1)
Green manure and cropping season	N^* * N: nitrogen, P: phosphorus, K: potassium, Ca: calcium, Mg: magnesium and C/N: carbon/nitrogen ratio.	P	K	Ca	Mg	C:N
M. aegyptia 2020	20.56	2.83	37.08	19.35	7.07	25:1
C. procera 2020	15.14	2.96	24.84	17.00	9.20	27:1
M. aegyptia 2021	18.55	1.89	38.68	9.30	7.03	25:1
C. procera 2021	14.09	1.54	22.72	16.30	13.50	27:1

Sources of variation	pH	SS	TA	SS/TA ratio		TSS
(Blocks/Seasons)	0.37 ^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	0.63 ^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	0.60^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	1.30^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.		1.53 ^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.
Cropping seasons (S)	58.75 ^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	451.50^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	58.48^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	5.86^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.		102.22^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.
Amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera and (A)	6.70^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	80.42^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	8.18^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	2.33^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.		11.90^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.
S x A	2.89^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	41.34^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	2.06^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	5.51^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.		10.10^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.
Control x fertilized	0.21^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	1.26 ^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	3.38 ^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	7.89^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.		0.80^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.
CV (%)	5.22	3.52	12.47	13.78		15.38
Comparison between mean values	Cropping season			Cropping season
	2020	2021	2020-2021	2020	2021	2020-2021
	(S1)	(S2)	(S1/S2)	(S1)	(S2)	(S1/S2)
	pH			Soluble solids (°Brix)
Control treatment, T_c	4.75bB	4.85cA	4.80	3.00bB	3.16bA	3.08
MPE value	4.87aB	5.60aA	5.22^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	3.30aB	4.23aA	3.73^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.
Fertilized with green manures, T_gm	4.72bB	5.32bA	5.02	3.01bB	3.68bA	3.34
	Titratable acidity (Malic acid %)			SS/TA ratio (°Brix/Malic acid %)
Control treatment, T_c			0.31	10.17bA	9.88aA	10.03
MPE value			0.40^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.	13.13aA	9.99aB	10.43^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.
Fertilized with green manures, T_gm			0.34	10.09bA	9.71aA	9.90^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.
	Total soluble sugars
	(%)
Control treatment mean, T_c	1.41bA	1.40cA	1.40
MPE value	1.53aB	2.54aA	1.95^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.
Fertilized with green manures, T_gm	1.30bB	2.09bA	1.69^ = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05; ns = P ≥ 0.05. + Means followed by the same lowercase letter within the column and uppercase within the row do not differ statistically from each other by the F-test at 5% probability. + Means of green manure treatments or MPE is significantly different from the control treatment by the F-test at 5% probability.

Sources of variation	DF	Vitamin C (mg 100 g^-1)	Chlorophyll 'a' (mg g^-1)	Chlorophyll 'b' (mg g^-1)	Total chlorophyll (mg g^-1)	Carotenoids (mg g^-1)
Blocks	4	1.15^ns	4.74^*	0.32^ns	3.20^*	1.53^ns
Amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera	4	2.50^ns	1.93^ns	1.19^ns	2.04^ns	0.54^ns
Regression (Polynomial)	2	26.27^*	41.78^*	43.07^*	35.36^*	71.40^*
Error	16	27.3946	0.0104	0.0014	0.0143	0.0012
CV (%)		8.05	16.57	26.62	15.74	19.80

[1] *Corresponding author: <j.palomaatm2@gmail.com>

Brasil

Brasil

Effects of soil amendments with green biomass on quality indices of coriander

Efeitos de adubos de solo na forma de biomassa verde nos índices de qualidade de coentro

ABSTRACT