Nursing interventions in pain

Silva, Priscila de Oliveira da; Portella, Vera Catarina

doi:10.5935/1806-0013.20140027

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REVIEW ARTICLES • Rev. dor 15 (2) • Apr-Jun 2014 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-0013.20140027 copy

Nursing interventions in pain^* * Received from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Nursing interventions are any care based on nurses' judgment and clinical knowledge, based on a scientifically supported action, carried out and planned for patients' benefit. These are very important to control pain since pain, when inadequately treated, affects the quality of life of patients and caregivers in physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions. So, this study aimed at identifying nursing interventions to handle pain and whether they relate to those proposed by the Nursing Interventions Classification.

CONCLUSION:

Most nursing interventions mentioned by the articles are related to those described by the Nursing Interventions Classification. The scarcity of clinical studies related to nursing interventions to handle pain was also observed.

Nursing; Pain; Pain handling

Cod.	Authors	Methodology	Studied population
1A	Paula et al.⁸8. Paula GR, Reis VS, Ribeiro FA, Gagliazzi MT. Assistência de enfermagem e dor em pacientes ortopédicos na recuperação anestésica, no Brasil. Rev Dor. 2011;12(3):265-9.	Systematic review (BIREME)	Orthopedic patients
2A	Restrepo-Medrano e Rojas⁹9. Restrepo-Medrano JC, Rojas JG. Fibromialgia qué deben saber y evaluar los profesionales de Enfermería? Invest Educ Enferm. 2011;29(2):305-14.	Thematic review	Fibromyalgia patients
3A	Abreu et al.¹⁰10. Abreu MA, Reis PE, Gomes IP, Rocha PR. Manejo não farmacológico da dor em pacientes com câncer: revisão sistemática. Online Braz J Nurs. 2009;8(1): Disponível em: <http://www.objnursing.uff.br/index.php/nursing/article/view/j.1676-4285.2009.2222/475 >. Acesso em: 06 jul 2013.doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.5935/1676-4285.20092222. http://www.objnursing.uff.br/index.php/n...	Systematic review	Breast cancer patients
4A	Popov & Peniche¹¹11. Popov DC, Peniche Ade C. [Nurse interventions and the complications in the post-anesthesia recovery room]. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2009;43(4):953-61. Portuguese.	Exploratory, retrospective, descriptive with quantitative approach	- Patients in post-anesthetic recovery
5A	Gomes et al.¹²12. Gomes FS, Moreira LF, Andrade PG, Santos FM. Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem a pessoa portadora da síndrome de Churg-Strauss: estudo de caso. Rev Min Enferm. 2007;11(4):470-4.	Case study	Churg-Strauss syndrome patients
6A	da Silva & Marques¹³13. da Silva DG, Marques IR. [ Nursing interventions for patients with sickle cell during pain crisis]. Rev Bras Enferm. 2007;60(3):327-30. Portuguese.	Literature review	Sickle cell anemia patients
7A	Rigotti & Ferreira⁵5. Rigotti MA, Ferreira AM. Nursing interventions to the patient with pain. Arq Cienc Saúde. 2005;12(1):50-4.	Review article	Patient with pain
8A	Heye et al.¹⁴14. Heye ML, Foster L, Bartlett MK, Adkins S. A preoperative intervention for pain reduction, improved mobility, and self-ef?cacy. Appl Nurs Res. 2002;15(3):174-83.	Case-control study	Patients in preoperative period
9A	Nino¹⁵15. Niño BF. Intervención de enfermería em el manejo del dolor del paciente quemado. Actual Enferm. 2001;4(1):20-6.	Review article	Burned patients

Interventions
Touch	Blood transfusion
Music	Pain control/sensory perception
Scents	Rest
Imagination stimulation	Promote comfort carefully positioning painful areas
Evaluation of pain, intensity and factors interfering with pain	Use of patient-controlled analgesia
Pharmacological analgesia	Establish relationship with painful patients
Heat application	Teach patient about pain response
Massage	Use patient/group situation
Stretching exercises	Deal with other people who are in contact with patient
Sleep improvement	Provide other sensory impulses
Relaxation techniques	Use imagined analgesia
Pain handling	Use a different professional
Decreased anxiety	Remain with patient
Energy handling	Explain that the source of nociceptive stimuli was removed or decreased and help assimilating pain experience
Environment handling
Improve coping	Educative movie
Educative strategies for patients, relatives and professionals (educa-	Avoid subcutaneous route
tive programs)	Explain procedures
Cognitive-behavioral interventions (guided imagery)	Evaluate patient's emotional status
Heart and vital signs monitoring	Change dressing rapidly, but smoothly
Safety maintenance (high grids and security tracks)	Capillary perfusion
Pain-related observation	Mental state
Physical and emotional status evaluations	Administration of rescue drug
Oxygen therapy	Observation
Relief vesical probe
Hydration
Dressings
Additional exams
Washing and replacement of indwelling vesical proble

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[1] Correspondence to: Priscila de Oliveira da Silva, Rua Felipe de Noronha, 371/101, 92020-300 Canoas, RS, Brasil. E-mail: enfprisilva@gmail.com

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Nursing interventions in pain* * Received from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

CONTENTS:

CONCLUSION:

Nursing interventions in pain^* * Received from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.