Educación para la salud del paciente hospitalizado en la atención de enfermería: un análisis conceptual

análisis conceptual basada en estrategias Derivación, Síntesis y Análisis del Concepto propuestas por Walker y Avant. Fueron realizadas: 35 entrevistas con enfermeros que actuaban en la atención directa al paciente internado en un hospital-escuela; y busca bibliográfica a bases de datos CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed^®, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS y BDENF.

Resultados:

antecedentes, atributos y consecuencias del concepto fueron identificados y permitieron definir el concepto Educación para la Salud del Paciente Hospitalizado como “la acción de compartir conocimientos sobre la promoción, prevención, recuperación y rehabilitación relacionadas a salud fundamentada en la reciprocidad entre enfermeros y pacientes, familiares y acompañantes, de manera sistematizada o asistemática”.

Consideraciones Finales:

identificación de los antecedentes, atributos, consecuencias y referentes empíricos posibilitó la definición teórica sin precedentes de ese concepto y su aplicabilidad en la práctica, contribuyendo para la ciencia y la atención de enfermería hospitalaria.

Descriptores:
Educación en Salud; Educación del Paciente como Asunto; Atención de Enfermería; Hospitales; Formación de Concepto

Title	Country/ Year	Type of study/ Participant	Interventions/Outcomes
Patient education and health-related quality of life: surgical hospital patients as a case in point⁽¹²12. Leino-Kilpi H, Johansson K, Heikkinen K, Kaljonen A, Virtanen H, Salanterä S. Patient education and health-related quality of life: surgical hospital patients as a case in point. J Nurs Care Qual. 2005;20(4):307-16. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001786-200510000-00005 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001786-2005100... ⁾	Finland 2005	Qualitative study 237 patients	There is a positive relationship between the knowledge received and the quality of life.
Opportunistic interventions of nurses with patients regarding smoking⁽¹³13. Whyte RE, Watson HE, McIntosh J. Nurses’ opportunistic interventions with patients in relation to smoking. J Adv Nurs. 2006;55(5):568-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03949.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006... ⁾	Scotland 2006	Multiple case study 12 nurses 40 patients	Health education needs to be introduced for more specialized intervention.
Effects of a needs-based education program for family caregivers with a relative in an intensive care unit: a quasi-experimental study⁽¹⁴14. Chien W-T, Chiu YL, Lam L-W, Ip W-Y. Effects of a needs-based education programme for family carers with a relative in an intensive care unit: a quasi-experimental study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43(1):39-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.... ⁾	Hong Kong 2006	Quasi-experimental Control, 32 Experimental, 34	Effectiveness of providing families with educational intervention based on need.
A qualitative study that explores the relationship between nursing and language, theory and practice of Health Promotion⁽¹⁵15. Piper S. A qualitative study exploring the relationship between nursing and healthpromotion language, theory and practice. Nurse EducToday. 2008;28(2):186-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2007.03.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2007.03.0... ⁾	United Kingdom 2008	Qualitative study 32 nurses	The narrow meaning of health promotion reflects limited forms of intervention.
Health promotion and health education practice: perceptions of nurses⁽¹⁶16. Whitehead D, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Sun Z, Xie C. Health promotion and health education practice: nurses’ perceptions. J Adv Nurs. 2008;61(2):181-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04479.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007... ⁾	China 2008	Husserlian phenomenology 8 students 8 nurses	Nurses had a good understanding of health education but did not implement it.
Shared care: a perspective of caring for the elderly based on health education⁽¹⁷17. Teixeira MLO, Ferreira MA. Cuidado compartilhado: uma perspectiva de cuidar do idoso fundamentada na educação em saúde. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2009;18(4):750-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072009000400017 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707200900... ⁾	Brazil 2009	Convergent-care 19 escorts	Dialogicity provided the shared construction of care.
Understanding and experiences of nurses in the emergency sector about the implementation of the discharge plan⁽¹⁸18. Han C-Y, Barnard A, Chapman H. Emergency department nurses’ understanding and experiences of implementing discharge planning. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65:1283-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.04988.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009... ⁾	Taiwan 2009	Phenomenographic study 32 nurses	Being involved in patient education was one of the categories.
Nursing care research: applicability of the Leininger and Freire framework⁽¹⁹19. Teixeira MLO, Ferreira MA. Pesquisa do cuidado de enfermagem: aplicabilidade do referencial de Leininger e Freire. Rev Enferm Referencia [Internet]. 2010[cited 2021 Mar 28];3 (1):93-100. Available from: Available from: http://www.index-f.com/referencia/2010/r31-093.php http://www.index-f.com/referencia/2010/r... ⁾	Brazil 2010	Convergent-care 19 escorts	Education led the companions to carry out a care plan.
Health education and nursing performance in the context of inpatient units: what has been or is there to be said⁽²⁰20. Rigon AG, Neves ET. Educação em saúde e a atuação de enfermagem no contexto de unidades de internação hospitalar: o que tem sido ou há para ser dito?. Texto contexto Enferm. 2011;20(4):812-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072011000400022 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201100... ⁾	Brazil 2011	Review article 22 Productions	There is a need for research on health education in the hospital context.
Nurses' perception of Health Promotion in the Intensive Care Unit⁽²¹21. Aguiar ASC, Mariano MR, Almeida LS, Cardoso MVLML, Pagliuca LMF, Rebouças CBA. Percepção do enfermeiro sobre promoção da saúde na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2012;46(2):428-35. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62342012000200022 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234201200... ⁾	Brazil 2012	Qualitative study 31 nurses	Multidisciplinary work and understanding of Health Promotion are needed.
The matrices of the conceptions of health education of nurses in the hospital context⁽²²22. Rigon A, Neves E. As matrizes das concepções de educação em saúde de enfermeiros no contexto hospitalar. Rev Enferm UERJ [Internet]. 2012[cited 2021 Mar 28];20(5):631-6. Available from: Available from: https://www.e-ublicacoes.uerj.br/index.php/enfermagemuerj/article/view/5962 https://www.e-ublicacoes.uerj.br/index.p... ⁾	Brazil 2012	Quantiqualitative study 10 nurses	There is a presence of the traditional model in the conception of Health Education.
An educational program for caregivers improves the quality of life and burden of cancer patients and their caregivers: a randomized clinical trial⁽²³23. Belgacem B, Auclair C, Fedor M-C, Brugnon D, Blanquet M, Tournilhac O, et al. A caregiver educational program improves quality of life and burden for cancer patients and their caregivers: a randomised clinical trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2013;17(6):870-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2013.04.006. Epub 2013 Jun 4. PMID: 23759361 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2013.04.0... ⁾	France 2013	Multicenter controlled 67 randomized 33 experimental	An educational program for caregivers improves the quality of life.
Contributions of extensionist actions in health education in the postoperative period of traumatological surgeries⁽²⁴24. Jacobi CS, Silva RM, Magnago TSBS, Prochnow A, Noal HC, Beuter M. Contribuições de ações extensionistas de educação em saúde no pós-operatório de cirurgias traumatológicas. Rev Enferm Centro Oeste Mineiro. 2013;3(1):605-11. https://doi.org/10.19175/recom.v0i0.207 https://doi.org/10.19175/recom.v0i0.207... ⁾	Brazil 2013	Experience Report 240 patients	It is relevant to prepare the patient and companion for discharge through educational activities.
Health education strategies directed to caregivers during hospitalization⁽²⁵25. Carvalho DP, Rodrigues RM, Braz EHealth education strategies directed to caregivers during patient hospitalization. Acta Paul Enferm. 2013;26(5):455-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002013000500008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-2100201300... ⁾	Brazil 2013	Qualitative study 10 caregivers	Health education during hospitalization helped in-home care.
Influence of serial album-mediated health education strategy on maternal self-efficacy for breastfeeding⁽²⁶26. Dodt RCM, Ferreira AMV, Nascimento LA, Macêdo AC, Joventino ES, Ximenes LB. Influence of health education strategy mediated by a self-efficacy breastfeeding serial album. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2013;22(3):610-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072013000300006 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201300... ⁾	Brazil 2013	Quantitative study 100 puerperal	The implemented educational technology was efficient in the process of breastfeeding.
Nurse practice related to patient care in the immediate preoperative elective surgery⁽²⁷27. Sena AC, Nascimento ERP, Maia ARCR. Nursing practice of care to patients undergoing elective surgery in the immediate preoperative period. Rev. Gaucha Enferm. 2013;34(3):132-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-14472013000300017 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-1447201300... ⁾	Brazil 2013	Qualitative study 15 nurses	Much of the care refers to the patient's preoperative orientation.
Perceptions of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery about illness⁽²⁸28. Camponogara S, Silveira M, Cielo C. Percepções de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardiovascular sobre o adoecimento. Rev Enferm Centro Oeste Mineiro. 2014;4(1):993-1003. https://doi.org/10.19175/recom.v0i0.554 https://doi.org/10.19175/recom.v0i0.554... ⁾	Brazil 2014	Qualitative study 10 patients	Health education instrumentalizes patients regarding hospitalization.
The interaction in clinical nursing teaching: reflexes in the care of the person with arterial hypertension⁽²⁹29. Araújo-Girão AL, Oliveira GYM, Gomes EB, Parente-Arruda L, Freitas CHA. A interação no ensino clínico de enfermagem: reflexos no cuidado à pessoa com hipertensão arterial. Rev Salud Publica. 2015;17(1):47-60. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v17n1.47789 https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v17n1.4778... ⁾	Brazil 2015	Qualitative study 5 patients	Health education has proved to be a strategy for empowerment and autonomy.
Academic monitoring and the care of the person with an ostomy: Experience Report⁽³⁰30. Fernandes NC, Cunha RR, Brandão AF, Cunha LL, Barbosa PD, Silva CO, et al.Monitoria acadêmica e o cuidado da pessoa com estomia: relato de experiência. Rev Mineira de Enferm. 2015;19(2):238-41. https:// doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.20150038 https:// doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.20150... ⁾	Brazil 2015	Experience Report 5 students	The activities developed promoted health education actions.
Patient satisfaction with nursing care: educational dimension⁽³¹31. Caldeira ÁBR, Baracho VS, Guedes CF, Ferreira PHC, Guedes HM, Ribeiro LCC. Satisfação de pacientes quanto à assistência de enfermagem: dimensão educacional. J Health Biol Sci. 2016;4(4):245-50. https://doi.org/10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v4i4.742.p.245-250.2016 https://doi.org/10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v... ⁾	Brazil 2016	Qualitative study 223 patients	Implementing health education actions is necessary to obtain quality care.
Effects of a surgical ward care protocol after open colon surgery as part of enhanced recovery after surgical program⁽³²32. Kim B, Park S, Park K, Ryoo S. Effects of a surgical ward care protocol following open colon surgery as part of an enhanced recovery after surgery programme. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(21-22):3336-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13682 https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13682... ⁾	Korea 2017	Qualitative study 219 patients	Patients had shorter hospital stays and fewer complications.
Perceived quality of nursing care and patient education: a cross-sectional study of hospitalized surgical patients in Finland⁽³³33. Gröndahl W, Muurinen H, Katajisto J, Suhonen R, Leino-Kilpi H. Perceived quality of nursing care and patient education: a cross-sectional study of hospitalised surgical patients in Finland. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e023108. https:// doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023108 https:// doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-02... ⁾	Finland 2019	Cross-sectional study 480 patients	The quality of nursing care and patient education are interconnected.

•Antecedents	•Attribute	•Consequence
•Anxiety and distress experienced by patients and family members; •Patient and family questions regarding therapy and health; •Identification and evaluation of the nurse on the need to carry out Education; •Planning and insertion of Education in the care plan as part of the systematization process of nursing care; •Assessment of the multidisciplinary team on the need for education; •Admission and hospitalization, preoperative, postoperative, and hospital discharge periods, for presenting situations that require health education; •Professional training and knowledge about the therapy performed for providing the education process.	•Accomplishment of nursing care as an opportunity for health education. •Sharing knowledge about health and therapeutics. •Commitment and willingness of nurses to patient health education. •Receptivity of patients, family members, and companions to the process of health education.	•Accomplishment of self-care; •Adherence of patients and their families to therapy; •Behavior change of patients, family members, and companions; •Health-related promotion, prevention, recovery, and rehabilitation; •Comprehension, understanding, learning, awareness of patients, family members, and companions concerning to health; •Coping with new situations; improved self-esteem; •Empowerment and active participation in the therapeutic process; •Decrease or absence of anxiety and fear.

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[1] Corresponding author: Priscila Brigolini Porfirio Ferreira E-mail: priscilabrigolini@gmail.com