Beneficios de la espiritualidad y/o religiosidad en pacientes renales crónicos: revisión integrativa

Bravin, Ariane Moysés; Trettene, Armando dos Santos; Andrade, Luis Gustavo Modelli de; Popim, Regina Célia

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0051

Brasil

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REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 72 (2) • Mar-Apr 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0051 linkcopiar

Beneficios de la espiritualidad y/o religiosidad en pacientes renales crónicos: revisión integrativa

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Identificar y analizar las evidencias existentes referentes a los beneficios de la espiritualidad y/o religiosidad en pacientes renales crónicos.

Método: Revisión integrativa realizada por medio de consulta a las bases de datos: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciência da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online, US National Library of Medicine y Scopus. Se utilizaron los descriptores: enfermedad renal crónica, espiritualidad y religión. Se incluyeron artículos primarios publicados hasta diciembre de 2017.

Resultados: Se seleccionaron 26 artículos, de los cuales surgieron cuatro categorías temáticas: beneficios como modalidad de enfrentamiento, en la percepción de la calidad de vida, la salud mental y en la mejora de la función renal post-transplante.

Conclusión: Los beneficios incluyeron los relacionados a las modalidades de enfrentamiento situacional, como el fortalecimiento de la esperanza, apoyo social y enfrentamiento del dolor; los relacionados con la salud mental, como el menor riesgo de suicidio y menos síntomas depresivos; mejora en la percepción de la calidad de vida y en la función renal post-transplante.

Descriptores: Enfermedad Renal Crónica; Espiritualidad; Religión; Religión y Medicina; Asistencia Centrada en el Paciente

Article title	Authors/Country/ Publication year	Study design/ Level of Evidence	Main results/ Recommendations
Adjustment, spirituality, and health in women on hemodialysis⁽¹⁶⁾.	Tanyi RA, Werner JS. USA. 2003.	Descriptive and correlational study (n=65 patients). Level IV.	The relationships between adjustment, spiritual well-being and self-perception of health in women with end-stage renal disease under hemodialysis were evidenced.
Religious beliefs and quality of life in an American inner-city haemodialysis population⁽¹⁷⁾.	Ko B, Khurana A, Spencer J, Scott B, Hahn M, Hammes M. USA. 2007.	Cross-sectional study (n=112 patients). Level IV.	Patients under hemodialysis use religious/spiritual beliefs to give themselves hope, meaning and life purpose.
Spirituality in African American and Caucasian women with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis treatment⁽¹⁸⁾.	Tanyi RA, Werner JS. USA. 2007.	Cross-sectional study (n=58 patients). Level IV.	Benefits of religious well-being were evidenced.
Women's experience of spirituality within end-stage renal disease and hemodialysis⁽¹⁹⁾.	Tanyi RA, Werner JS. USA. 2008.	Qualitative study (n=16 patients). Level IV.	Spirituality is of great importance and should be used to improve holistic care.
Religion and spirituality: the experience of families of children with Chronic Renal Failure⁽²⁰⁾.	Paula ES, Nascimento LC, Rocha SM. Brazil. 2009.	Qualitative study (n=14 participants). Level IV.	Health professionals should understand the religion and spirituality of the family in the process of illness, with a view to their work in promoting health.
Existential and religious dimensions of spirituality and their relationship with health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease⁽²¹⁾.	Davison SN, Jhangri GS. Canada. 2010.	Quantitative study (n=253 patients). Level IV.	The existential domain of spirituality had a greater impact on quality of life compared to measures of religiosity.
Religious/spiritual coping in people with chronic kidney diseaseundergoing hemodialysis⁽²²⁾.	Valcanti CC, Chaves ECL, Mesquita AC, Nogueira DA, Carvalho EC. Brazil. 2012.	Descriptive and cross-sectional study (n=123 patients). Level IV.	Patients use coping positivelyreligious/spiritual as a coping strategy.
Religious beliefs and practices in end-stagerenal disease: implications for clinicians⁽²³⁾.	Elliott BA, Gessert CE, Larson P, Russ TE. USA. 2012.	Qualitative study (n=31 patients). Level IV.	Religious beliefs brought meaning to life. The importance of religious practices (prayer, liturgy and traditions) was highlighted to keep them connected to God. Receiving visits from church members and clergy offered support.
Religiousness, mental health, and quality of life in Brazilian dialysis patients⁽²⁴⁾.	Lucchetti G, Almeida LG, Lucchetti AL. Brazil. 2012.	Descriptive and cross-sectional study (n=133 patients).Level IV.	Religiousness was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and better quality of life.
Investigating the action and interaction strategies that patients use to cope with peritoneal dialysis⁽²⁵⁾.	Santos FK, Valadares GV. Brazil. 2013.	Qualitative study (n=8 patients). Level IV.	When knowing the strategies used in coping with DP, it will be up to the nurse to participate in this process in which the client gives meaning to this method.
The relationship between spirituality, psychosocial adjustment to illness, and health-related quality of life in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease⁽²⁶⁾.	Davison SN, Jhangri GS.Canada. 2013.	Descriptive and cohort study (n=253 patients).Level IV.	The importance of directing psychosocial adjustment to disease and spirituality as ways of preserving or improving the quality of life of pre-dialysis and dialysis patients was evidenced.
Spiritual coping, religiosity and quality of life: a study on Muslim patients undergoing haemodialysis⁽²⁷⁾.	Saffari M, Pakpour AH, Naderi MK, Koenig HG, Baldacchino DR, Piper CN. Iran. 2013.	Descriptive cohort study (n=362 patients).Level IV.	Spiritual resources may contribute to a better quality of life and health status among patients under hemodialysis.
Quality of life/spirituality, religion and personal beliefs of adult and elderly chronic kidneypatients under hemodialysis⁽²⁸⁾.	Rusa SG, Peripato GI, Pavarini SCI, Inouye K, Zazzetta MS, Orlandi FS. Brazil. 2014.	Descriptive cross-sectional study (n=110 patients).Level IV.	Patients presented high quality of life scores, specifically in the dimensions related to spirituality, religion and personal beliefs.
Religious Wellbeing as a Predictor for Quality of Life in IranianHemodialysis Patients⁽²⁹⁾.	Taheri Kharame Z, Zamanian H, Foroozanfar S, Afsahi S. Iran. 2014.	Cross-sectional study (n=95 patients). Level IV.	Religious well-being should be considered as an important predictive factor for better quality of life in patients under hemodialysis.
Hope and spirituality among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis: a correlational study⁽³⁰⁾.	Ottaviani AC, Souza EN, Drago NC, Mendiondo MSZ, Pavarini SCI, Orlandi FS. Brazil. 2014.	Descriptive, cross-sectional study (n=127 patients). Level IV.	Hope and spirituality should be considered in health care.
How do thai patients receiving haemodialysis cope with pain?⁽³¹⁾	Yodchai K, Dunning T, Savage S, Hutchinson AM, Oumtanee A. USA. 2014.	Qualitative study (n=20 patients). Level IV.	The study made it possible to understand how patients deal with pain and the importance of cultural beliefs and coping strategies and appropriate management of pain.
Relationship between mental health and spiritual wellbeing among hemodialysis patients: a correlation study⁽³²⁾.	Martínez BB, Custódio RP. Brazil. 2014.	Descriptive cross-sectional study (n= 150 patients). Level IV.	Poor mental health was associated with lower spiritual well-being.Spiritual well-being has been negatively related to stress, sleep disorders, psychosomatic complaints, and mental health.
Relation between quality of life and spirituality in chronic renal patients who conduct hemodialysis⁽³³⁾.	Malaguti I, Manfrim PB, Santos TM, Santos DCN, Napoleão LL, Silva RCR, et al. Brazil. 2015.	Descriptive cross-sectional study (n= 100 patients). Level IV.	Spirituality was positively related to the improvement in quality of life.
Family experience in the kidney transplant process from a living donor⁽³⁴⁾.	Cruz MG, Daspett C, Roza BA, Ohara CV, Horta AL. Brazil. 2015.	Qualitative study (n=4 families).Level IV.	Live donor kidney transplantation involves aspects of physical and emotional care of all involved, where spirituality is a contributing factor.
Religião no tratamento da doença renal crônica: comparação entre médicos e pacientes⁽³⁵⁾.	Souza Júnior EA, Trombini DSV, Mendonça ARA, Von Atzingen AC. Brazil. 2015.	Qualitative study (n= 20 participants, being 10 patients and 10 doctors). Level IV.	The meaning of religion in their lives was distinct among the groups analyzed; however, both agree that religion is a beneficial factor in the patient's life.
Quality of life and associated factors in patients withchronic kidney disease on hemodialysis⁽³⁶⁾.	Fukushima RL, Menezes AL, Inouye K, Pavarini SC, Orlandi FS. Brazil. 2016.	Descriptive cross-sectional study (n= 101 patients). Level IV.	Socio-demographic and clinical factors, including spirituality, are important for improving the care of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease under hemodialysis.
Religiosity and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study on filipino christian hemodialysis patients⁽³⁷⁾.	Cruz JP, Colet PC, Qubeilat H, Al-Otaibi J, Coronel EI, Suminta RC. Philippines. 2016.	Descriptive cross-sectional study (n=100 patients). Level IV.	The holistic approach in treating patients under hemodialysis, with an emphasis on spiritual care, was encouraged in order to improve health as a whole.
The role of religion and spirituality in coping with kidney disease and haemodialysis in Thailand⁽³⁸⁾.	Yodchai K, Dunning T, Savage S, Hutchinson AM. USA. 2017.	Qualitative study (n=20 patients). Level IV.	Religion and spirituality provided powerful coping strategies.
Influence of spirituality on renal function of kidney transplant patients⁽³⁹⁾.	Bravin AM, Trettene AS, Cavalcante RS, Banin VB, Padula NA, Saranholi TL, et al. Brazil. 2017.	Descriptive cross-sectional study (n=81 patients). Level IV.	More spiritual patients had better renal function during the course of a year of transplantation. This effect was independent.
Factors associated with the quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis⁽⁴⁰⁾.	Gesualdo GD, Menezes ALC, Rusa SG, Napoleão AA, Figueiredo RM, Melhado VR, et al. Brazil. 2017.	Descriptive cross-sectional study (n=101 patients). Level IV.	Religiousness, among others, had a positive influence on health-related quality of life.
The influence of spirituality and religiousness on suicide risk and mental health of patients undergoing hemodialysis⁽⁴¹⁾.	Loureiro ACT, Rezende Coelho MC, Coutinho FB, Borges LH, Lucchetti G. Brazil. 2017.	Descriptive cross-sectional study (n=264 patients). Level IV.	In short, spiritual beliefs were associated with lower risk of suicide and better mental health among patients under hemodialysis.

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