Leprosy and its impact on the quality of life of people with physical disabilities: a scoping review

Araujo, Douglas Moreira de; Silva, Elisa Camila de Souza e; Gomes, Helen Vaz da Silva; Carbogim, Fábio da Costa; Xavier Junior, Gesner Francisco; Coelho, Angélica da Conceição Oliveira

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0101

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Brasil

Español English

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Sumário

REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 77 (Suppl 3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0101 copy

Leprosy and its impact on the quality of life of people with physical disabilities: a scoping review

Lepra e impactos en la calidad de vida de personas con discapacidades físicas: revisión de alcance

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

to identify and synthesize, from the literature, the impacts of physical disability caused by leprosy on the quality of life of individuals receiving care within the Health Care Network.

Methods:

this is a scoping review conducted following the JBI recommendations. The databases used in the search included the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, Leprosy Information Services, and Google Scholar.

Results:

1690 documents were identified, of which 36 were included in the review. Physical disability caused by leprosy affects the quality of life in the areas of daily activities, socioeconomic aspects, psychological well-being, pain, and overall well-being.

Conclusions:

we identified the impairments caused by physical disability in the quality of life, highlighting the need for prevention, promotion, and rehabilitation actions, such as screening, case management, and health education.

Descriptors:
Leprosy; Mycobacterium Leprae; Physically Disabled; People with Disability; Quality of Life

Database	Search Strategy
Medline via Pubmed	((“Leprosy”[Mesh] OR (Hansen’s Disease) OR (Hansen Disease) OR (Hansen^) OR (Lepr^)) OR (“Mycobacterium leprae”[Mesh] OR (Mycobacterium leprae))) AND (“Disabled Persons”[Mesh] OR (Disabled Person) OR (Person, Disabled) OR (Persons, Disabled) OR (Handicapped) OR (People with Disabilities) OR (Disabilities, People with) OR (People with Disability) OR (Persons with Disabilities) OR (Disabilities, Persons with) OR (Disability, Persons with) OR (Persons with Disability) OR (Physically Handicapped) OR (Handicapped, Physically) OR (Physically Disabled) OR (Disabled, Physically) OR (Physically Challenged))
Cochrane	(Leprosy OR “Hansen Disease” OR “Mycobacterium leprae”) AND (“Disabled Persons” OR “Disabled Person” OR “Functional disability” OR “Functional disabilities”)
EMBASE	(‘leprosy’/exp OR leprosy OR ‘mycobacterium leprae’/exp OR ‘mycobacterium leprae’) AND (‘disabled persons’/exp OR ‘disabled persons’ OR ((‘disabled’/exp OR disabled) AND (‘persons’/exp OR persons)) OR ‘disabled person’/exp OR ‘disabled person’ OR ‘functional disability’/exp OR ‘functional disability’ OR ‘functional disabilities’)
CINAHL	(Leprosy OR “Hansen Disease” OR “Mycobacterium leprae”) AND (“Disabled Persons” OR “Disabled Person” OR “Functional disability” OR “Functional disabilities”)
Lilacs via BVS	(TW: Hanseníase OR “Doença de Hansen” OR Lepra OR “Hansen Disease” OR “Hansen’s Disease” OR “Enfermedad de Hansen” OR “Mal de Hansen” OR “Mycobacterium leprae” OR “Bacilo da Hanseníase” OR “Bacilo de Hansen” OR “Mycobacterium leprae” OR “Bacilo de Hansen” OR “Bacilo de la Hanseniasis” OR “Bacilo de la Lepra”) AND (TW: “Deficiência Física” OR “Deficiências Físicas” OR “Deficiente Físico” OR “Limitação Física” OR “Pessoa com Deficiência Fisica” OR “Pessoa com Desvantagem” OR “Pessoa com Incapacidade” OR “Pessoa com Incapacidade Física” OR “Pessoa com Limitação Física” OR “Pessoa com Necessidade Especial” OR “Pessoas com Deficiência Física” OR “Pessoas com Deficiências” OR “Pessoas com Deficiências Físicas” OR “Pessoas com Desvantagens” OR “Pessoas com Incapacidade” OR “Pessoas com Incapacidade Física” OR “Pessoas com Incapacidades” OR “Pessoas com Limitação Física” OR “Pessoas com Limitações Físicas” OR “Pessoas com Necessidade Especial” OR “Pessoas com Necessidades Especiais” OR “Disabled Persons” OR Handicapped OR “People with Disabilities” OR “Persons with Disabilities” OR “Physically Challenged” OR “Physically Disabled” OR “Physically Handicapped” OR “Deficiencia Física” OR “Deficiencias Físicas” OR “Persona con Deficiencia” OR “Persona con Deficiencia Física” OR “Persona con Desventaja” OR “Persona con Discapacidad” OR “Persona con Discapacidad Física” OR “Persona con Limitación Física” OR “Persona con Necesidad Especial” OR “Personas con Deficiencia” OR “Personas con Deficiencia Física” OR “Personas con Deficiencias” OR “Personas con Desventajas” OR “Personas con Discapacidad Física” OR “Personas con Discapacidades” OR “Personas con Discapacidades Físicas” OR “Personas con Limitación Física” OR “Personas con Limitaciones Físicas” OR “Personas con Necesidad Especial” OR “Personas con Necesidades Especiales” OR “Incapacidade funcional OR “Incapacidades funcionais” OR “Functional disability” OR “Functional disabilities”)
SCOPUS	(Leprosy OR “Hansen Disease” OR “Mycobacterium leprae”) AND (“Disabled Persons” OR “Disabled Person” OR “Functional disability” OR “Functional disabilities”)
Web Of Science	“Hansen Disease” OR “Hansen’s Disease” AND “Mycobacterium leprae” AND “Physically Challenged” AND “Physically Disabled” AND “Physically Handicapped” AND “Functional disabilities”
INFOLEP	“Leprosy” AND “Disabled Persons” AND “People with Disabilities”
Google Scholar	“Leprosy” AND “Disabled Persons” OR “People with Disabilities”

Thematic Categories	Description
1) Impact on Activities of Daily Living	Instrumental activities include managing finances, dealing with transportation, shopping, meal preparation, using the phone and other communication devices, managing medications, and household maintenance; Basic activities encompass feeding oneself, going to the bathroom, choosing one’s clothes, dressing, personal grooming, maintaining continence, dressing, and bathing(⁵5 Sousa NP, Silva MIB, Lobo CG, Barboza MCC, Abdon APV. Análise da qualidade de vida em pacientes com incapacidades funcionais decorrentes de hanseníase. Hansen Int. 2011;36(1):11-6. https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2011.v36.35107 https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2011.v36.351... ,¹⁷17 Silva AC, Ferreira RC, Ferreira MA, Ribeiro MT. Association between the degree of physical impairment from leprosy and dependence in activities of daily living among the elderly in a health unit in the State of Minas Gerais. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2014;47(2):212-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0012-2014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0012-2... 18 Abdela SG, Van Henten S, Abegaz SH, Bayuh FB, Zewdu FT, Berhe FT, et al. Activity limitation and social participation restriction among leprosy patients in BoruMeda Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(9):e0008702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008702 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.000... 19 Nascimento DDS, Ramos AN Jr, Araújo OD, Macêdo SF, Silva GVD, Lopes WMPS, et al. Activity limitation and social participation restriction of people with leprosy: a cross-sectional analysis of magnitude and associated factors in a hyperendemic municipality in the state of Piauí, Brazil, 2001-2014. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2020;29(3):e2019543. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742020000300012 https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-4974202000... 20 Benedicto CB, Marques T, Milano AP, Galan NGA, Nardi ST, Duerksen Frank, et al. Quality of life, physical disability, and the human figure drawing assessment of patients with neuropathies in leprosy. Acta Fisiátr. 2017;24(3):120-6. https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.20170022 https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.201700... 21 Van Brakel WH, Sihombing B, Djarir H, Beise K, Kusumawardhani L, Yulihane R, et al. Disability in people affected by leprosy: the role of impairment, activity, social participation, stigma and discrimination. Glob Health Action. 2012;5:18394. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.18394 https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.18394... 22 Beltrame RT, Marciano LHSC, Fonseca MDS, Prado RBR. Estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelo paciente com deficiências físicas na hanseníase. Mimesis, Bauru [Internet]. 2015[cited 2020 Dec 9]; 36(1):117-38. Available from: https://secure.unisagrado.edu.br/static/biblioteca/mimesis/mimesis_v36_n1_2015_art_05.pdf https://secure.unisagrado.edu.br/static/... 23 Viana LDS, Aguiar MIFD, Vasconcelos PFD, Aquino DMCD. Physical appearance and repercussions on the quality of life and the autonomy of elderly people affected by leprosy. Enferm Glob. 2017;16(2):366-74. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.2.248681 https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.2.248... 24 Van Veen NHJ, Hemo DA, Bowers RL, Pahan D, Negrini JF, Velema JP, et al. Evaluation of activity limitation and social participation, and the effects of reconstructive surgery in people with disability due to leprosy: a prospective cohort study. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(8):667-74. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.506238 https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.50... 25 Hurtado MN, Atehortúa MC, Bravo JH. Fundamentos epidemiológicos y perfil de la situación de discapacidad de la población com enfermedad de Hansen del Valle del Cauca. Colomb Med [Internet]. 2003[cited 2020 Dec 11];34(1):36-39. Available from: https://colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co/index.php/comedica/article/view/251/254 https://colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co/i... 26 Sharma M, Saxena V. Health status of leprosy affected people in rehabilitation colonies of Uttarakhand. Indian J Lepr [Internet]. 2019[cited 2020Dec 9];91(2):79-89. Available from: https://www.leprosy-information.org/resource/health-status-leprosy-affected-people-rehabilitation-colonies-uttarakhand https://www.leprosy-information.org/reso... 27 Vieira CSCA, Lobato ML, Figueira MCS, Amaral MCE, Vilela MFG, Silva EM. Life after Leprosy Treatment Discharge: physical and social limitations. Indian J Lepr. 2018;90(3):177-88. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28406.55367 https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28406.55... 28 Nardi SMT, Paschoal VD, Zanetta DMT. Limitations in activities of people affected by leprosy after completing multidrug therapy: application of the SALSA scale. Lepr Rev. 2012;83(2):172-83. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.83.2.172 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.83.2.172... 29 Monteiro LD, Alencar CH, Barbosa JC, Novaes CCBS, Silva RCP, HeukelbachI J. Limited activity and social participation after hospital discharge from leprosy treatment in a hyperendemic area in north Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2014;91(104). https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-790X201400010008ENG https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-790X2014000... 30 D’Azevedo SSP, Santos DCM, Arruda GA, Barbosa JC, Alves MGT, Souza NMN. Perfil de funcionalidade de pessoas afetadas pela hanseníase. Rev. Rene [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2022 Abr 24] ; 22: e61702.http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212261702 http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.202... 31 Prado GD, Prado RBR, Marciano LHSC, Nardi SMT, Cordeiro JA, Monteiro HL. WHO disability grade does not influence physical activity in Brazilian leprosy patients. Lepr Rev. 2011;82(3):270-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47276/lr.82.3.270 http://dx.doi.org/10.47276/lr.82.3.270... -³²32 Gonçalves M, Prado MAR, Silva SS, Santos KS, Araujo PN, Fortuna CM. Work and Leprosy: women in their pains, struggles and toils. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(Suppl 1):660-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0598 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ).
2) Social Impact	There is a high prevalence of restricted social participation, social distancing, social exclusion leading to the loss of family bonds, and disruptions in social relationships(¹⁹19 Nascimento DDS, Ramos AN Jr, Araújo OD, Macêdo SF, Silva GVD, Lopes WMPS, et al. Activity limitation and social participation restriction of people with leprosy: a cross-sectional analysis of magnitude and associated factors in a hyperendemic municipality in the state of Piauí, Brazil, 2001-2014. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2020;29(3):e2019543. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742020000300012 https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-4974202000... 20 Benedicto CB, Marques T, Milano AP, Galan NGA, Nardi ST, Duerksen Frank, et al. Quality of life, physical disability, and the human figure drawing assessment of patients with neuropathies in leprosy. Acta Fisiátr. 2017;24(3):120-6. https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.20170022 https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.201700... -²¹21 Van Brakel WH, Sihombing B, Djarir H, Beise K, Kusumawardhani L, Yulihane R, et al. Disability in people affected by leprosy: the role of impairment, activity, social participation, stigma and discrimination. Glob Health Action. 2012;5:18394. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.18394 https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.18394... ,²⁴24 Van Veen NHJ, Hemo DA, Bowers RL, Pahan D, Negrini JF, Velema JP, et al. Evaluation of activity limitation and social participation, and the effects of reconstructive surgery in people with disability due to leprosy: a prospective cohort study. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(8):667-74. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.506238 https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.50... ,²⁶26 Sharma M, Saxena V. Health status of leprosy affected people in rehabilitation colonies of Uttarakhand. Indian J Lepr [Internet]. 2019[cited 2020Dec 9];91(2):79-89. Available from: https://www.leprosy-information.org/resource/health-status-leprosy-affected-people-rehabilitation-colonies-uttarakhand https://www.leprosy-information.org/reso... 27 Vieira CSCA, Lobato ML, Figueira MCS, Amaral MCE, Vilela MFG, Silva EM. Life after Leprosy Treatment Discharge: physical and social limitations. Indian J Lepr. 2018;90(3):177-88. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28406.55367 https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28406.55... 28 Nardi SMT, Paschoal VD, Zanetta DMT. Limitations in activities of people affected by leprosy after completing multidrug therapy: application of the SALSA scale. Lepr Rev. 2012;83(2):172-83. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.83.2.172 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.83.2.172... 29 Monteiro LD, Alencar CH, Barbosa JC, Novaes CCBS, Silva RCP, HeukelbachI J. Limited activity and social participation after hospital discharge from leprosy treatment in a hyperendemic area in north Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2014;91(104). https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-790X201400010008ENG https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-790X2014000... 30 D’Azevedo SSP, Santos DCM, Arruda GA, Barbosa JC, Alves MGT, Souza NMN. Perfil de funcionalidade de pessoas afetadas pela hanseníase. Rev. Rene [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2022 Abr 24] ; 22: e61702.http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212261702 http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.202... 31 Prado GD, Prado RBR, Marciano LHSC, Nardi SMT, Cordeiro JA, Monteiro HL. WHO disability grade does not influence physical activity in Brazilian leprosy patients. Lepr Rev. 2011;82(3):270-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47276/lr.82.3.270 http://dx.doi.org/10.47276/lr.82.3.270... 32 Gonçalves M, Prado MAR, Silva SS, Santos KS, Araujo PN, Fortuna CM. Work and Leprosy: women in their pains, struggles and toils. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(Suppl 1):660-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0598 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... 33 Ibikunle PO, Nwokeji SC. Assessment of stigma among people living with Hansen’s disease in south-east Nigeria. Lepr Rev. 2017;88:43-57. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.88.1.43 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.88.1.43... 34 Ekeke N, Chukwu J, Nwafor C, Ogbudebe C, Oshi D, Meka A, et al. Children and leprosy in southern Nigeria: burden, challenges and prospects. Lepr Rev. 2014;85:111-7. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.85.2.111 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.85.2.111... 35 Van Dorst MMAR, Van Netten WJ, Waltz MM, Pandey BD, Choudhary R, Van Brakel WH. Depression and mental wellbeing in people affected by leprosy in southern Nepal. Glob Health Action. 2020;13(1):1815275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1815275 https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.18... 36 Rodini FCB, Gonçalves M, Barros ARSB, Mazzer N, Elui LMC, Fonseca MCR. Prevenção de incapacidade na hanseníase com apoio em um manual de autocuidado para pacientes. Fisioter Pesqui. 2010;17(2):157-62. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1809-29502010000200012 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1809-2950201000... -³⁷37 Schuller I, Van Brakel WH, Van Der Vliet I, Beise K, Wardhani L, Silwana S, et al. The way women experience disabilities and especially disabilities related to leprosy in rural areas in south Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asia Pac Disabil Rehabil J[Internet]. 2010[cited 2020 Dec 11];21(1):60-70. Available from: https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/apdrj/vol21_1/05_The_Way_Women.html https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/... ); difficulties related to education(³⁸38 Govindasamy K, Jacob I, Solomon RM, Darlong J. Burden of depression and anxiety among leprosy affected and associated factors: a cross sectional study from India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(1):e0009030. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009030 https://doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009030... ).
3) Economic Impact	Low income leads to continued residence in nursing homes(³⁹39 Carvalho MAJ, Lopes NTB, Santos TS, Santos KS, Farnocchi PG, Tavares CM. Avaliação das incapacidades físicas em ex-portadores de hanseníase da época do isolamento compulsório. Hansen Int. 2013;38(1/2):47-55. https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2013.v38.35075 https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2013.v38.350... ); impediments/difficulties for employment(²⁰20 Benedicto CB, Marques T, Milano AP, Galan NGA, Nardi ST, Duerksen Frank, et al. Quality of life, physical disability, and the human figure drawing assessment of patients with neuropathies in leprosy. Acta Fisiátr. 2017;24(3):120-6. https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.20170022 https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.201700... ,³²32 Gonçalves M, Prado MAR, Silva SS, Santos KS, Araujo PN, Fortuna CM. Work and Leprosy: women in their pains, struggles and toils. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(Suppl 1):660-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0598 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ,³⁷37 Schuller I, Van Brakel WH, Van Der Vliet I, Beise K, Wardhani L, Silwana S, et al. The way women experience disabilities and especially disabilities related to leprosy in rural areas in south Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asia Pac Disabil Rehabil J[Internet]. 2010[cited 2020 Dec 11];21(1):60-70. Available from: https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/apdrj/vol21_1/05_The_Way_Women.html https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/... ); government assistance(²⁶26 Sharma M, Saxena V. Health status of leprosy affected people in rehabilitation colonies of Uttarakhand. Indian J Lepr [Internet]. 2019[cited 2020Dec 9];91(2):79-89. Available from: https://www.leprosy-information.org/resource/health-status-leprosy-affected-people-rehabilitation-colonies-uttarakhand https://www.leprosy-information.org/reso... ).
4) Psychological Impact	Stigma(²¹21 Van Brakel WH, Sihombing B, Djarir H, Beise K, Kusumawardhani L, Yulihane R, et al. Disability in people affected by leprosy: the role of impairment, activity, social participation, stigma and discrimination. Glob Health Action. 2012;5:18394. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.18394 https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.18394... ,³³33 Ibikunle PO, Nwokeji SC. Assessment of stigma among people living with Hansen’s disease in south-east Nigeria. Lepr Rev. 2017;88:43-57. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.88.1.43 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.88.1.43... ,³⁵35 Van Dorst MMAR, Van Netten WJ, Waltz MM, Pandey BD, Choudhary R, Van Brakel WH. Depression and mental wellbeing in people affected by leprosy in southern Nepal. Glob Health Action. 2020;13(1):1815275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1815275 https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.18... ,³⁷37 Schuller I, Van Brakel WH, Van Der Vliet I, Beise K, Wardhani L, Silwana S, et al. The way women experience disabilities and especially disabilities related to leprosy in rural areas in south Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asia Pac Disabil Rehabil J[Internet]. 2010[cited 2020 Dec 11];21(1):60-70. Available from: https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/apdrj/vol21_1/05_The_Way_Women.html https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/... ), low mental well-being, and a high level of depression(⁵5 Sousa NP, Silva MIB, Lobo CG, Barboza MCC, Abdon APV. Análise da qualidade de vida em pacientes com incapacidades funcionais decorrentes de hanseníase. Hansen Int. 2011;36(1):11-6. https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2011.v36.35107 https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2011.v36.351... ,³⁵35 Van Dorst MMAR, Van Netten WJ, Waltz MM, Pandey BD, Choudhary R, Van Brakel WH. Depression and mental wellbeing in people affected by leprosy in southern Nepal. Glob Health Action. 2020;13(1):1815275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1815275 https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.18... ,³⁸38 Govindasamy K, Jacob I, Solomon RM, Darlong J. Burden of depression and anxiety among leprosy affected and associated factors: a cross sectional study from India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(1):e0009030. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009030 https://doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009030... ,⁴⁰40 Gaudenci EM, Nardelli GG, Almeida Neto OP, Malaquias BSS, Carvalho BT, Pedrosa LAK. Quality of life, depression and physical disability of patients with leprosy. Hansen Int [Internet]. 2015[cited 2020 Dec 9];40(2):48-58. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index.php/hansenologia/article/view/36175/34483 https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index... ); psychological stress(⁴¹41 Reis FJJ, Lopes D, Gosling AD, Gomes MK. Psychological distress and quality of life in leprosy patients with neuropathic pain. Lepr Rev[Internet]. 2014[cited 2020 Dec 11];85(3):186-93. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25509719/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25509719... -⁴²42 Patil A, Mayur SS. Quality of life and mental health status of hansen disease patients, attending a designated leprosy care center in South-India. Int J Mycobacteriol[Internet]. 2021[cited 2020 Dec 11];10(1):31-36. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33707369/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33707369... ); fear, anxiety, sadness, guilt, shame, denial(⁸8 Achdiat PA, Ariyanto EF, Simanjuntak MN. A literature review: the history of psychological impact of illness amongst people with Leprosy (PwL) in Countries across the Globe. Dermatol Res Pract. 2021;5519608. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5519608 https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5519608... -⁹9 Govindharaj P, Srinivasan S, Darlong J. Perception toward the disease of the people affected by leprosy. Int J Mycobacteriol [Internet]. 2018[cited 2021 Oct 30];7(3):247-50. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30198504/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30198504... ,³⁸38 Govindasamy K, Jacob I, Solomon RM, Darlong J. Burden of depression and anxiety among leprosy affected and associated factors: a cross sectional study from India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(1):e0009030. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009030 https://doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009030... ); decreased prospects for marriage(³⁷37 Schuller I, Van Brakel WH, Van Der Vliet I, Beise K, Wardhani L, Silwana S, et al. The way women experience disabilities and especially disabilities related to leprosy in rural areas in south Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asia Pac Disabil Rehabil J[Internet]. 2010[cited 2020 Dec 11];21(1):60-70. Available from: https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/apdrj/vol21_1/05_The_Way_Women.html https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/... ,⁴³43 Seshadri D, Khaitan BK, Khanna N, Sagar R. Dehabilitation in the era of elimination and rehabilitation: a study of 100 leprosy patients from a tertiary care hospital in India. Lepr Rev. 2015;86(1):62-74. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.86.1.62 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.86.1.62... ), low self-esteem(⁸8 Achdiat PA, Ariyanto EF, Simanjuntak MN. A literature review: the history of psychological impact of illness amongst people with Leprosy (PwL) in Countries across the Globe. Dermatol Res Pract. 2021;5519608. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5519608 https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5519608... ); withdrawal, impulsivity, feelings of insecurity, dissatisfaction, and organicity(³⁹39 Carvalho MAJ, Lopes NTB, Santos TS, Santos KS, Farnocchi PG, Tavares CM. Avaliação das incapacidades físicas em ex-portadores de hanseníase da época do isolamento compulsório. Hansen Int. 2013;38(1/2):47-55. https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2013.v38.35075 https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2013.v38.350... ); sexual concerns(⁴³43 Seshadri D, Khaitan BK, Khanna N, Sagar R. Dehabilitation in the era of elimination and rehabilitation: a study of 100 leprosy patients from a tertiary care hospital in India. Lepr Rev. 2015;86(1):62-74. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.86.1.62 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.86.1.62... ); self-control, avoidance, and escape strategies to cope with limitations(²²22 Beltrame RT, Marciano LHSC, Fonseca MDS, Prado RBR. Estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelo paciente com deficiências físicas na hanseníase. Mimesis, Bauru [Internet]. 2015[cited 2020 Dec 9]; 36(1):117-38. Available from: https://secure.unisagrado.edu.br/static/biblioteca/mimesis/mimesis_v36_n1_2015_art_05.pdf https://secure.unisagrado.edu.br/static/... ).
5) Impact of Pain	Pain is associated with the degree of physical disability and the multibacillary form, as a consequence of damage to peripheral nerves(¹⁵15 Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMAScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:467-73. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850 https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850... ,³²32 Gonçalves M, Prado MAR, Silva SS, Santos KS, Araujo PN, Fortuna CM. Work and Leprosy: women in their pains, struggles and toils. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(Suppl 1):660-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0598 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ,³⁶36 Rodini FCB, Gonçalves M, Barros ARSB, Mazzer N, Elui LMC, Fonseca MCR. Prevenção de incapacidade na hanseníase com apoio em um manual de autocuidado para pacientes. Fisioter Pesqui. 2010;17(2):157-62. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1809-29502010000200012 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1809-2950201000... ,⁴¹41 Reis FJJ, Lopes D, Gosling AD, Gomes MK. Psychological distress and quality of life in leprosy patients with neuropathic pain. Lepr Rev[Internet]. 2014[cited 2020 Dec 11];85(3):186-93. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25509719/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25509719... ), considered a late complication that generally impacts all domains of quality of life(⁴⁴44 Ramos JM, Alonso-Castaneda B, Eshetu D, Lemma D, Reyes F, Belinchon I, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients treated years ago. Pathog Glob Health. 2014;108(4):186-90. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773214Y.0000000140 https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773214Y.0000... ).
6)Impact on Overall Well-being	Encompasses dimensions of life aspects: functional capacity; limitation due to physical aspect; pain; general health status; vitality; social aspects; emotional and mental health. These lead to functional disabilities, decreased work activity, and restriction of social life, causing damage and negative impacts on the quality of life(⁷7 Barcelos RMFM, Sousa GS, Almeida MV, Palacio FGL, Gaíva MAM, Ferreira SMB. Leprosy patients quality of life: a scoping review. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20200357. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2020-0357 https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP... ,¹⁰10 Costa RMPC, Mendes LCB. Quality of life of people with leprosy sequelae and self-care: an integrative review. Cienc Cuid Saúde. 2020;19:e45649. https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v19I0.45649 https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v... ,²³23 Viana LDS, Aguiar MIFD, Vasconcelos PFD, Aquino DMCD. Physical appearance and repercussions on the quality of life and the autonomy of elderly people affected by leprosy. Enferm Glob. 2017;16(2):366-74. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.2.248681 https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.2.248... ,⁴⁰40 Gaudenci EM, Nardelli GG, Almeida Neto OP, Malaquias BSS, Carvalho BT, Pedrosa LAK. Quality of life, depression and physical disability of patients with leprosy. Hansen Int [Internet]. 2015[cited 2020 Dec 9];40(2):48-58. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index.php/hansenologia/article/view/36175/34483 https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index... -⁴¹41 Reis FJJ, Lopes D, Gosling AD, Gomes MK. Psychological distress and quality of life in leprosy patients with neuropathic pain. Lepr Rev[Internet]. 2014[cited 2020 Dec 11];85(3):186-93. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25509719/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25509719... ,⁴⁵45 Govindharaj P, Srinivasan S, Darlong J. Quality of life of persons affected by leprosy in an endemic district, West Bengal, India. Indian J Dermatol [Internet]. 2018[cited 2023 Jun 23];63(6):459-64. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30504972/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30504972... 46 Lustosa AA, Nogueira LT, Pedrosa JIS, Teles JBM, Campelo V. The impact of leprosy on health-related quality of life. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011;44(5):621-26. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822011000500019 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-8682201100... -⁴⁷47 Chingu D, Duncan M, Amosun S. The quality of life of people with leprosy-related residual impairment and disability in Malawi: is there a difference between people living in a leprosarium and those re-integrated into their communities? Lepr Rev. 2014;84(4):292-301. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.84.4.292 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.84.4.292... ).

Author/Year	Country	Design	Setting	Research Instrument
Ibikunle PO, Nwokeji SC (2017)(³³33 Ibikunle PO, Nwokeji SC. Assessment of stigma among people living with Hansen’s disease in south-east Nigeria. Lepr Rev. 2017;88:43-57. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.88.1.43 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.88.1.43... )	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	Primary Care/Specialized Care	The Explanatory model interview catalogue (EMIC-a); The internalised stigma of mental illness scale (ISMI); The Participation scale: P-Scale;Eye, Hand & Foot impairment (EHF) Score.
Silva AC, Ferreira RC, Ferreira MA, Ribeiro MT(2014)(¹⁷17 Silva AC, Ferreira RC, Ferreira MA, Ribeiro MT. Association between the degree of physical impairment from leprosy and dependence in activities of daily living among the elderly in a health unit in the State of Minas Gerais. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2014;47(2):212-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0012-2014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0012-2... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Hospital Care	The basic activities of daily living (BADL) e instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).
Abdela SG, Van Henten S, Abegaz SH, Bayuh FB, Zewdu FT, BerheFT, et al (2020)(¹⁸18 Abdela SG, Van Henten S, Abegaz SH, Bayuh FB, Zewdu FT, Berhe FT, et al. Activity limitation and social participation restriction among leprosy patients in BoruMeda Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(9):e0008702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008702 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.000... )	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	Hospital Care	Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) scale e participation scale
Nascimento DDS, Ramos AN Jr, Araújo OD, Macêdo SF, Silva GVD, Lopes WMPS, et al(2020)(¹⁹19 Nascimento DDS, Ramos AN Jr, Araújo OD, Macêdo SF, Silva GVD, Lopes WMPS, et al. Activity limitation and social participation restriction of people with leprosy: a cross-sectional analysis of magnitude and associated factors in a hyperendemic municipality in the state of Piauí, Brazil, 2001-2014. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2020;29(3):e2019543. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742020000300012 https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-4974202000... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Primary Care	Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) scale e participation scale.
Achdiat PA, Ariyanto EF, Simanjuntak MN (2021)(⁸8 Achdiat PA, Ariyanto EF, Simanjuntak MN. A literature review: the history of psychological impact of illness amongst people with Leprosy (PwL) in Countries across the Globe. Dermatol Res Pract. 2021;5519608. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5519608 https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5519608... )	Indonesia	Review	^* * As this is a literature review, there is no specific setting, and the instrument is the methodology itself.	^* * As this is a literature review, there is no specific setting, and the instrument is the methodology itself.
Sousa NP, Silva MIB, Lobo CG, Barboza MCC, Abdon APV (2011)(⁵5 Sousa NP, Silva MIB, Lobo CG, Barboza MCC, Abdon APV. Análise da qualidade de vida em pacientes com incapacidades funcionais decorrentes de hanseníase. Hansen Int. 2011;36(1):11-6. https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2011.v36.35107 https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2011.v36.351... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Specialized Care	Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey (SF36); a questionnaire addressing epidemiological, socioeconomic, and disease characteristics.
Carvalho MAJ, Lopes NTB, Santos TS, Santos KS, Farnocchi PG, Tavares CM (2013)(³⁹39 Carvalho MAJ, Lopes NTB, Santos TS, Santos KS, Farnocchi PG, Tavares CM. Avaliação das incapacidades físicas em ex-portadores de hanseníase da época do isolamento compulsório. Hansen Int. 2013;38(1/2):47-55. https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2013.v38.35075 https://doi.org/10.47878/hi.2013.v38.350... )	Brazil	Descriptive	Primary Care	Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Simplified Neurological Evaluation Form.
Benedicto CB, Marques T, Milano AP, Galan NGA, Nardi ST, Duerksen Frank, et al (2017)(²⁰20 Benedicto CB, Marques T, Milano AP, Galan NGA, Nardi ST, Duerksen Frank, et al. Quality of life, physical disability, and the human figure drawing assessment of patients with neuropathies in leprosy. Acta Fisiátr. 2017;24(3):120-6. https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.20170022 https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.201700... )	Brazil	Descriptive	Specialized Care	Degree of Disability Assessment Form; Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire; Human Figure Drawing (DFH); NeuroQol - Neuropathy-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (Brazilian Portuguese Version).
Govindasamy K, Jacob I, Solomon RM, Darlong J(2021)(³⁸38 Govindasamy K, Jacob I, Solomon RM, Darlong J. Burden of depression and anxiety among leprosy affected and associated factors: a cross sectional study from India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(1):e0009030. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009030 https://doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009030... )	India	Cross-sectional	Primary Care	Standardized Questionnaire for Depression-(PHQ-9); Standardized Questionnaire for Anxiety Disorder-(GAD-7); Degree of Disability; and Socioeconomic Profile.
Ekeke N, Chukwu J, Nwafor C, Ogbudebe C, Oshi D, Meka A, Madichie N (2014)(³⁴34 Ekeke N, Chukwu J, Nwafor C, Ogbudebe C, Oshi D, Meka A, et al. Children and leprosy in southern Nigeria: burden, challenges and prospects. Lepr Rev. 2014;85:111-7. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.85.2.111 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.85.2.111... )	Nigeria	Descriptive-retrospective, cross-sectional	Specialized Care	Questionnaire-based interview; A retrospective descriptive desk analysis of leprosy case notification data for children 0 to 14 years in the 14 states in Southern Nigeria
Seshadri D, Khaitan BK, Khanna N, Sagar R (2015)(⁴³43 Seshadri D, Khaitan BK, Khanna N, Sagar R. Dehabilitation in the era of elimination and rehabilitation: a study of 100 leprosy patients from a tertiary care hospital in India. Lepr Rev. 2015;86(1):62-74. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.86.1.62 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.86.1.62... )	India	Cross-sectional	Hospital Care	Clinical and Demographic Data; 52-item Anandaraj Dehabilitation Scale.
Van Dorst MMAR, Van Netten WJ, Waltz MM, Pandey BD, Choudhary R, Van Brakel WH (2020)(³⁵35 Van Dorst MMAR, Van Netten WJ, Waltz MM, Pandey BD, Choudhary R, Van Brakel WH. Depression and mental wellbeing in people affected by leprosy in southern Nepal. Glob Health Action. 2020;13(1):1815275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1815275 https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.18... )	Nepal	Cross-sectional	Primary Care	Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS); 5-Question Stigma Indicator-Affected Persons (5-QSI-AP).
Van Brakel WH, Sihombing B, Djarir H, Beise K, Kusumawardhani L, Yulihane R, et al (2020)(²¹21 Van Brakel WH, Sihombing B, Djarir H, Beise K, Kusumawardhani L, Yulihane R, et al. Disability in people affected by leprosy: the role of impairment, activity, social participation, stigma and discrimination. Glob Health Action. 2012;5:18394. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.18394 https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.18394... )	Indonesia	Cross-sectional	Primary Care	Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) scale, Participation Scale, Jacoby Stigma Scale (anticipated stigma), Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) stigma scale And Discrimination assessment.
Beltrame RT, Marciano LHSC, Fonseca MDS; Prado RBR (2015)(²²22 Beltrame RT, Marciano LHSC, Fonseca MDS, Prado RBR. Estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelo paciente com deficiências físicas na hanseníase. Mimesis, Bauru [Internet]. 2015[cited 2020 Dec 9]; 36(1):117-38. Available from: https://secure.unisagrado.edu.br/static/biblioteca/mimesis/mimesis_v36_n1_2015_art_05.pdf https://secure.unisagrado.edu.br/static/... )	Brazil	Descriptive	Specialized Care	Sociodemographic Questionnaires, Clinical aspects of the disease, and Functional Independence in performing ADLs and IADLs; Checklist related to the type of visible physical disability found in the patient; and the Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Inventory, adapted to Portuguese.
Viana LDS, Aguiar MIFD, Vasconcelos PFD, Aquino DMCD (2017)(²³23 Viana LDS, Aguiar MIFD, Vasconcelos PFD, Aquino DMCD. Physical appearance and repercussions on the quality of life and the autonomy of elderly people affected by leprosy. Enferm Glob. 2017;16(2):366-74. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.2.248681 https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.2.248... )	Brazil	Descriptive, with quantitative approach	Specialized Care	Physical Domain of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the “Sensory Abilities” and “Autonomy” facets of WHOQOL-OLD.
Van Veen NHJ, Hemo DA, Bowers RL, Pahan D, Negrini JF, Velema JP, et al (2011)(²⁴24 Van Veen NHJ, Hemo DA, Bowers RL, Pahan D, Negrini JF, Velema JP, et al. Evaluation of activity limitation and social participation, and the effects of reconstructive surgery in people with disability due to leprosy: a prospective cohort study. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(8):667-74. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.506238 https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.50... )	Bangladesh	Prospective Cohort	Hospital Care	Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) scale, Participation Scale
Hurtado MN, Atehortua MC, Bravo, J (2003)(²⁵25 Hurtado MN, Atehortúa MC, Bravo JH. Fundamentos epidemiológicos y perfil de la situación de discapacidad de la población com enfermedad de Hansen del Valle del Cauca. Colomb Med [Internet]. 2003[cited 2020 Dec 11];34(1):36-39. Available from: https://colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co/index.php/comedica/article/view/251/254 https://colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co/i... )	Colombia	Descriptive	Primary Care	International Classification of Functioning; Sociodemographic Form.
Sharma M, Saxena V (2019)(²⁶26 Sharma M, Saxena V. Health status of leprosy affected people in rehabilitation colonies of Uttarakhand. Indian J Lepr [Internet]. 2019[cited 2020Dec 9];91(2):79-89. Available from: https://www.leprosy-information.org/resource/health-status-leprosy-affected-people-rehabilitation-colonies-uttarakhand https://www.leprosy-information.org/reso... )	India	Cross-sectional, observational	Specialized Care	Demographic Socioeconomic and Epidemiological Data; Availability of various government and non-government facilities; Body Mass Index - BMI; WHO Disability Grading.
Vieira CSCA, Lobato ML, Figueira MCS, Amaral MCE, Vilela MFG, Silva EM (2018)(²⁷27 Vieira CSCA, Lobato ML, Figueira MCS, Amaral MCE, Vilela MFG, Silva EM. Life after Leprosy Treatment Discharge: physical and social limitations. Indian J Lepr. 2018;90(3):177-88. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28406.55367 https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28406.55... )	Brazil	Ecological, analytical	Primary Care	Simplified Neurological Evaluation; Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile; Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety (SALSA); Participation Scale.
Nardi SMT, Paschoal VD, Zanetta DMT (2012)(²⁸28 Nardi SMT, Paschoal VD, Zanetta DMT. Limitations in activities of people affected by leprosy after completing multidrug therapy: application of the SALSA scale. Lepr Rev. 2012;83(2):172-83. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.83.2.172 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.83.2.172... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Specialized Care	Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) scale
Monteiro LD, Alencar CH, Barbosa JC, Novaes CCBS, Silva RCP, HeukelbachI J (2014)(²⁹29 Monteiro LD, Alencar CH, Barbosa JC, Novaes CCBS, Silva RCP, HeukelbachI J. Limited activity and social participation after hospital discharge from leprosy treatment in a hyperendemic area in north Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2014;91(104). https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-790X201400010008ENG https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-790X2014000... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Primary Care	Simplified Neurological Evaluation; Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA); Participation Scale.
D’Azevedo SSP, et al (2021)(³⁰30 D’Azevedo SSP, Santos DCM, Arruda GA, Barbosa JC, Alves MGT, Souza NMN. Perfil de funcionalidade de pessoas afetadas pela hanseníase. Rev. Rene [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2022 Abr 24] ; 22: e61702.http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212261702 http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.202... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Primary Care	Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS).
Reis FJJ, Lopes D, Gosling AD, Gomes MK (2014)(⁴¹41 Reis FJJ, Lopes D, Gosling AD, Gomes MK. Psychological distress and quality of life in leprosy patients with neuropathic pain. Lepr Rev[Internet]. 2014[cited 2020 Dec 11];85(3):186-93. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25509719/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25509719... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Hospital Care	Douleur neuropathique en 4 questions questionnaire; 12-item General Health Questionnaire; World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF)
Govindharaj P, Srinivasan S, Darlong J (2018)(⁹9 Govindharaj P, Srinivasan S, Darlong J. Perception toward the disease of the people affected by leprosy. Int J Mycobacteriol [Internet]. 2018[cited 2021 Oct 30];7(3):247-50. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30198504/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30198504... )	India	Cross-sectional descriptive	Hospital Care	Semi-structured Questionnaire.
Ramos JM, Alonso-Castaneda B, Eshetu D, Lemma D, Reyes F, Belinchon I, et al (2014)(⁴⁴44 Ramos JM, Alonso-Castaneda B, Eshetu D, Lemma D, Reyes F, Belinchon I, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients treated years ago. Pathog Glob Health. 2014;108(4):186-90. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773214Y.0000000140 https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773214Y.0000... )	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	Specialized Care	Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) questionnaire
Rodini FCB, Gonçalves M, Barros ARSB, Mazzer N, Elui LMC, Fonseca MCR (2010)(³⁶36 Rodini FCB, Gonçalves M, Barros ARSB, Mazzer N, Elui LMC, Fonseca MCR. Prevenção de incapacidade na hanseníase com apoio em um manual de autocuidado para pacientes. Fisioter Pesqui. 2010;17(2):157-62. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1809-29502010000200012 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1809-2950201000... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Specialized Care	Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short-form health Survey (SF36)
PatilA, Mayur SS (2021)(⁴²42 Patil A, Mayur SS. Quality of life and mental health status of hansen disease patients, attending a designated leprosy care center in South-India. Int J Mycobacteriol[Internet]. 2021[cited 2020 Dec 11];10(1):31-36. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33707369/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33707369... )	India	Cross-sectional	Hospital Care	World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF); Questionnaire and mental health status by the SelfReporting questionnaire
Gaudenci EM, Nardelli GG, Almeida Neto OP, Malaquias BSS Carvalho BT, Pedrosa LAK (2015)(⁴⁰40 Gaudenci EM, Nardelli GG, Almeida Neto OP, Malaquias BSS, Carvalho BT, Pedrosa LAK. Quality of life, depression and physical disability of patients with leprosy. Hansen Int [Internet]. 2015[cited 2020 Dec 9];40(2):48-58. Available from: https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index.php/hansenologia/article/view/36175/34483 https://periodicos.saude.sp.gov.br/index... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive, and analytical	Specialized Care	Clinical and Socioeconomic Questionnaire; Beck Depression Inventory- BDI for Depression Assessment; World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF).
Costa RMPC, Mendes LCB(2020)(¹⁰10 Costa RMPC, Mendes LCB. Quality of life of people with leprosy sequelae and self-care: an integrative review. Cienc Cuid Saúde. 2020;19:e45649. https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v19I0.45649 https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v... )	Brazil	Integrative Review	^* * As this is a literature review, there is no specific setting, and the instrument is the methodology itself.	^* * As this is a literature review, there is no specific setting, and the instrument is the methodology itself.
Govindharaj P, Srinivasan S, Darlong J(2018)(⁴⁵45 Govindharaj P, Srinivasan S, Darlong J. Quality of life of persons affected by leprosy in an endemic district, West Bengal, India. Indian J Dermatol [Internet]. 2018[cited 2023 Jun 23];63(6):459-64. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30504972/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30504972... )	India	Cross-sectional	Hospital Care	World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF)
Lustosa AA, Nogueira LT, Pedrosa JIS, Teles JBM, Campelo V (2011)(⁴⁶46 Lustosa AA, Nogueira LT, Pedrosa JIS, Teles JBM, Campelo V. The impact of leprosy on health-related quality of life. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011;44(5):621-26. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822011000500019 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-8682201100... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Specialized Care	Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey (SF36), Clinical, Sociodemographic, and Epidemiological Data.
Chingu D, Duncan M, Amosun S (2013)(⁴⁷47 Chingu D, Duncan M, Amosun S. The quality of life of people with leprosy-related residual impairment and disability in Malawi: is there a difference between people living in a leprosarium and those re-integrated into their communities? Lepr Rev. 2014;84(4):292-301. https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.84.4.292 https://doi.org/10.47276/lr.84.4.292... )	Malawi	Cross-sectional	Primary Care	World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF)
Schuller I, Van Brakel WH, Van Vliet I, Beise K, Wardhani L, Silwana S, et al (2010)(³⁷37 Schuller I, Van Brakel WH, Van Der Vliet I, Beise K, Wardhani L, Silwana S, et al. The way women experience disabilities and especially disabilities related to leprosy in rural areas in south Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asia Pac Disabil Rehabil J[Internet]. 2010[cited 2020 Dec 11];21(1):60-70. Available from: https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/apdrj/vol21_1/05_The_Way_Women.html https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/... )	Indonesia	Quantitative-qualitative	Primary Care	Interviews and Focus Groups.
Prado GD, Prado RBR, Marciano LHSC, Nardi SMT, Cordeiro JA, Monteiro HL (2011)(³¹31 Prado GD, Prado RBR, Marciano LHSC, Nardi SMT, Cordeiro JA, Monteiro HL. WHO disability grade does not influence physical activity in Brazilian leprosy patients. Lepr Rev. 2011;82(3):270-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47276/lr.82.3.270 http://dx.doi.org/10.47276/lr.82.3.270... )	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Specialized Care	World Health Organization degree of physical disability classification (WHO-DG), the International Physical ActivityQuestionnaire (IPAQ) and the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short-form health Survey (SF36)
Gonçalves M, Prado MAR, Silva SS, Santos KS, Araujo PN, Fortuna CM (2018)(³²32 Gonçalves M, Prado MAR, Silva SS, Santos KS, Araujo PN, Fortuna CM. Work and Leprosy: women in their pains, struggles and toils. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(Suppl 1):660-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0598 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... )	Brazil	Qualitative	Specialized Care	Semi-structured Interviews.
Barcelos RMFM, Sousa GS, Almeida MV, Palacio FGL, Gaíva MAM, Ferreira SMB(⁷7 Barcelos RMFM, Sousa GS, Almeida MV, Palacio FGL, Gaíva MAM, Ferreira SMB. Leprosy patients quality of life: a scoping review. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20200357. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2020-0357 https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP... )	Brazil	Review	^* * As this is a literature review, there is no specific setting, and the instrument is the methodology itself.	^* * As this is a literature review, there is no specific setting, and the instrument is the methodology itself.

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[1] Corresponding author: Douglas Moreira de Araujo, E-mail: douglas27araujo@gmail.com