Recurring violence against adolescents: an analysis of notifications

Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa; Pinto, Isaura Barros Alves; Luis, Mayara Alves; Iltchenco Filho, José Henrique; Laignier, Mariana Rabello; Lopes-Júnior, Luís Carlos

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.6277.3681

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 30 (spe) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.6277.3681 copy

Recurring violence against adolescents: an analysis of notifications^* * This article refers to the call “Adolescent health and the role of nurses”. Edited by Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Publication of this supplement was supported by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO). Articles have undergone the journal’s standard peer-review process for supplements. The views expressed in this supplement are those of the authors alone and do not represent the views of PAHO/WHO. Supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação Espírito Santo - FAPES. Edital FAPES/CNPq/Decit-SCTIE-MS/SESA nº 03/2018 PPSUS, Grant # 215/2018, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to identify the frequency of reported cases of recurring violence against adolescents and their association with victim, violence, and aggressor characteristics.

Method:

cross-sectional study conducted with notified data on violence against adolescents, produced by Epidemiological Surveillance and registered in the Information System of Diseases and Notification (SINAN), from 2011 to 2018, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Results:

the frequency of recurring violence against adolescents was 46.4%. Higher occurrence was observed among girls (PR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.15 - 1.38) between 10 and 14 years of age (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.13 - 1.28), and people with a disability or disorder (PR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.42 - 1.62). Psychological violence/neglect was 30% more prevalent in recurrence than self-harm. Most cases occurred at home (PR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.37 - 1.77). Results showed a 1.11 times higher prevalence of recurring violence perpetrated by aggressors aged 20 years or older and higher evidence in male aggressors (95%CI: 0.97 - 1.17).

Conclusion:

recurring violence was associated with victim, aggressor, and event characteristics. Health intersectoriality is crucial to reduce cases of recurring violence.

Descriptors:
Adolescent; Violence; Exposure to Violence; Recurrence; Health Information Systems; Nursing

Highlights:

(1) Frequency of recurring violence against adolescents was 46.4%.

(2) Higher recurrence was observed among girls between 10 and 14 years of age.

(3) Most cases occurred at home.

(4) Recurring violence was associated with victim, aggressor, and event characteristics.

(5) Results show 1.11 times > prevalence of recurring violence perpetrated by men ≥ 20 years old.

Variables	Recurring violence
Variables	n	(%)	95%CI*
Gender
Male	672	21.7	20.30 - 23.20
Female	2,422	78.3	76.79 - 79.69
Age group (years)
10 to 14	1,469	47.4	45.72 - 49.24
15 to 19	1,625	52.5
Ethnicity/Color
White	791	28.0	26.35 - 29.66
Non-white	2,036	72.0	70.33 - 73.64
Disability/Disorder
No	2,238	80.7	79.22 - 82.16
Yes	534	19.3	17.83 - 20.77
Area of residence
Urban	2,801	90.7	89.66 - 91.70
Rural/Peri-urban	286	9.3	8.29 - 10.34
Type of violence
Physical violence	1,052	34.0	32.35 - 35.69
Sexual violence	811	26.2	24.69 - 27.79
Psychological violence/Neglect	197	6.4	5.55 - 7.28
Self-harm	1,005	32.5	30.85 - 34.15
Other	29	0.9	0.65 - 1.34
Place of occurrence
Home	2,297	79.3	77.74 - 80.69
Public street	354	12.2	11.07 - 13.45
Other	247	8.5	7.55 - 9.59
Number of aggressors involved
One	2,601	86.3	84.99 - 87.45
Two or more	414	13.7	12.54 - 15.00
Age of aggressor (years)
Up to 19 years old	1,298	55.6	53.54 - 57.57
20 or older	1,038	44.4	42.42 - 46.45
Gender of the aggressor
Female	1,112	37.3	35.54 - 39.01
Male	1,724	57.8	55.99 - 59.53
All genders	148	5.0	4.23 - 5.79
Relation to the victim
Family	985	48.0	45.86 - 50.19
Strangers	693	33.8	31.77 - 35.86
Other/acquaintances	373	18.2	16.57 - 19.91
Aggressor suspected of alcohol use
No	1,648	76.5	74.70 - 78.28
Yes	505	23.5	21.71 - 25.94

Variables	Recurring violence
Variables	n	(%)	95%CI*	p^†
Gender
Male	672	34.9	32.82 - 37.08	0.000
Female	2,422	51.0	49.63 - 52.47
Age group (years)
10 to 14	1,469	53.3	51.45 - 55.17	0.000
15 to 19	1,625	41.5	39.99 - 43.08
Ethnicity/Color
White	791	49.0	46.60 - 51.48	0.003
Non-white	2,036	45.9	44.43 - 74.36
Disability/Disorder
No	2,238	43.1	41.77 - 44.46	0.000
Yes	534	70.4	67.09 - 73.59
Area of residence
Urban	2,801	46.4	45.17 - 47.69	0.801
Rural/Peri-urban	286	45.9	42.02 - 49.84
Type of violence
Physical violence	1,052	36.8	35.05 - 38.59	0.000
Sexual violence	811	50.0	47.59 - 52.43
Psychological violence/Neglect	197	74.6	69.01 - 79.51
Self-harm	1,005	53.4	51.14 - 55.64
Other	29	67.4	52.06 - 79.79
Place of occurrence
Home	2,297	57.0	55.43 - 58.49	0.000
Public street	354	23.6	21.53 - 25.83
Other	247	33.3	30.02 - 36.21
Number of aggressors involved
One	2,601	48.9	47.53 - 50.21	0.002
Two or more	414	43.4	40.27 - 46.56
Age of aggressor (years)
Up to 19 years old	1,298	50.5	48.53 - 52.39	0.060
20 or older	1,038	53.3	51.06 - 55.49
Gender of the aggressor
Female	1,112	51.8	49.67 - 53.90	0.000
Male	1,724	44.4	42.84 - 45.96
All genders	148	71.8	65.30 - 77.57
Relation to the victim
Family	985	41.2	39.27 - 43.21	0.000
Strangers	693	65.9	63.01 - 68.74
Other/acquaintances	373	32.1	29.52 - 34.90
Aggressor suspected of alcohol use
No	1,648	49.0	47.27 - 50.65	0.606
Yes	505	48.05	45.03 - 51.07

Variables	Raw analysis			Adjusted analysis
Variables	PR*	95%CI^†	p^‡	PR*	95%CI^†	p^‡
Gender
Male	1.0	--	0.000	1.0	--	0.000
Female	1.46	1.36 - 1.56		1.26	1.15 - 1.38
Age group (years)
10 to 14	1.28	1.22 - 1.35	0.000	1.20	1.13 - 1.28	0.000
15 to 19	1.0	--		1.0	--
Ethnicity/Color
White	0.93	0.88 - 0.99	0.028	0.95	0.88 - 1.01	0.157
Non-white	1.0			1.0	--
Disability/Disorder
No	1.0	--	0.000	1.0	--	0.000
Yes	1.63	1.54 - 1.72		1.52	1.42 - 1.62
Area of residence
Urban	1.01	0.92 - 1.10	0.802	1.05	0.95 - 1.16	0.294
Rural/Peri-urban	1.0	--		1.0	--
Type of violence
Physical violence	0.68	0.64 - 0.73	0.000	0.96	0.84 - 1.09	0.000
Sexual violence	0.93	0.87 - 0.99		1.00	0.87 - 1.16
Psychological violence/Neglect	1.39	1.28 - 1.51		1.30	1.11 - 1.52
Other	1.26	1.02 - 1.56		1.57	1.09 - 2.25
Self-harm	1.0	--		1.0	--
Place of occurrence
Home	1.70	1.53 - 1.89	0.000	1.56	1.37 - 1.77	0.000
Public street	0.70	0.61 - 0.81		0.75	0.62 - 0.89
Other	1.0	--		1.0	--
Number of individuals involved
One	1.12	1.04 - 1.21	0.003	1.11	1.00 - 1.22	0.090
Two or more	1.0	--		1.0	--
Age of aggressor (years)
Up to 19 years old	1.0	--	0.059	1.0	--	0.036
20 or older	1.05	0.99 - 1.11		1.11	1.00 - 1.23
Gender of the aggressor
Female	1.0	--	0.000	1.0	--	0.000
Male	0.85	0.81 - 0.90		1.06	0.97 - 1.17
All genders	1.38	1.26 - 1.52		1.37	1.20 - 1.57
Aggressor suspected of alcohol use
No	1.0	--	0.608	1.0	--	0.690
Yes	0.98	0.91 - 1.05		0.98	0.89 - 1.07

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite E-mail: francielemarabotti@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-6972