Empathy, emotional intelligence, and communication in Nursing: The moderating effect of the organizational factors

Giménez-Espert, María del Carmen; Castellano-Rioja, Elena; Prado-Gascó, Vicente Javier

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.3286.3333

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 28 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3286.3333 copy

Empathy, emotional intelligence, and communication in Nursing: The moderating effect of the organizational factors^* * Paper extracted from doctoral dissertation “Actitudes hacia la comunicación, inteligencia emocional y empatía en enfermería”, presented to University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. The publication of this article in the Thematic Series “Human Resources in Health and Nursing” is part of Activity 2.2 of Reference Term 2 of the PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

to evaluate the relation and the moderating effect of the organizational factors on the attitudes towards communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence in the nurses.

Method:

a cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 268 nurses from Valencia, Spain. The attitudes towards communication were evaluated by means of the specifically designed instrument, those towards empathy with the Jefferson’s Scale of Empathy for Nursing Students, and those towards emotional intelligence by means of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, consisting of 24 items. The effect of the studied variables was assessed by means of ANOVA, multiple linear regression models were applied, and the moderating effect was analyzed using PROCESS.

Results:

there are statistically significant differences based on the type on contract (permanent); and statistically significant differences were found in the cognitive dimension of the attitudes towards communication. Regarding the regression models, the perspective taking dimension of empathy was the main predictive variable tn the dimensions of the attitudes towards communication. Finally, a moderating effect of the type of contract was evidenced in the effect of emotional reparation over the cognitive dimension of the attitudes towards communication.

Conclusion:

the organizational factors exert an influence on the attitudes towards communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence.

Descriptors:
Communication; Contracts; Emotional Intelligence; Empathy; Nursing Service, Hospital

	Dimensions	Temporary contract		Permanent contract		t test^* * t-test;	p value^† † p value resulting from the Levene test;	Effect^‡ ‡ Effect;
		Mean	Standard Deviation	Mean	Standard Deviation
Attitudes towards communication	Affective	1.71	0.96	1.57	0.82	1.25	0.21	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01;
	Conative	4.02	0.86	4.18	0.79	-1.56	0.12	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01;
	Cognitive	4.26	0.98	4.52	0.76	-2.41	0.017^‖ ‖ p≤0.05	0.02
Jefferson's empathy scale	Perspective taking	4.49	0.55	4.47	0.62	0.35	0.73	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01;
	Compassionate care	1.98	0.90	1.95	0.89	0.21	0.83	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01;
	Thinking as the patient	2.03	1.04	2.08	1.06	-0.38	0.70	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01;
Trait Meta Mood Scale	Emotional care	3.46	0.74	3.57	0.71	-1.21	0.23	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01;
	Emotional clarity	3.76	0.61	3.74	0.73	0.30	0.77	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01;
	Emotional reparation	3.77	0.74	3.77	0.76	0.05	0.96	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01;

	Dimensions	General hospitalization		Special service		t test^* * t-test;	p value^† † p value resulting from the Levene test;	Effect^‡ ‡ Effect;
		Mean	Standard Deviation	Mean	Standard Deviation
Attitudes towards communication	Affective	1.59	0.88	1.69	0.91	-.87	0.39	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01; p≤0.05
	Conative	4.12	0.80	4.08	0.87	0.31	0.76	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01; p≤0.05
	Cognitive	4.43	0.89	4.35	0.88	.75	0.46	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01; p≤0.05
Jefferson's empathy scale	Perspective taking	4.48	0.58	4.49	0.60	-.14	0.89	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01; p≤0.05
	Compassionate care	2.05	0.92	1.85	0.85	1.83	0.07	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01; p≤0.05
	Thinking as the patient	2.05	1.09	2.06	1.00	-0.05	0.96	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01; p≤0.05
Trait Meta Mood Scale	Emotional care	3.57	0.75	3.45	0.68	1.25	0.21	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01; p≤0.05
	Emotional clarity	3.79	0.67	3.69	0.67	1.22	0.22	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01; p≤0.05
	Emotional reparation	3.75	0.79	3.80	0.70	-0.54	0.59	^§ § It was not calculated because there were no significant differences; p≤0.01; p≤0.05

Variable	Affective		Cognitive		Conative
Predictors	∆R²	Β	∆R²	β	∆R²	Β
Step 1 Temporary	0.06		0.13^* * p≤.01;		0.17^† † p≤.001;
Perspective taking		-0.19		0.32^† † p≤.001;		0.40^† † p≤.001;
Compassionate care		0.07		-0.09		0.07
Thinking as the patient		0.06		0.01		-0.13
Step 2 Temporary	0.06		0.03		0.05
Perspective taking		-0.22		0.28^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.30^* * p≤.01;
Compassionate care		0.04		-0.09		0.06
Thinking as the patient		0.07		0.01		-0.12
Emotional care		0.08		-0.03		-0.06
Emotional clarity		-0.23^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.18		0.22^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Emotional reparation		0.17		-0.01		0.07
Total R²_adjusted	0.07^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.11^† † p≤.001;		0.17^† † p≤.001;
Step 1 Permanent	0.14^† † p≤.001;		0.17^† † p≤.001;		0.29^† † p≤.001;
Perspective taking		0.14^† † p≤.001;		0.38^† † p≤.001;		0.54^† † p≤.001;
Compassionate care		0.11		0.01		0.22^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Thinking as the patient		0.08		-0.08		-0.17
Step 2 Permanent	0.05		0.03	-	0.04
Perspective taking		0.15^* * p≤.01;		0.41^† † p≤.001;		0.54^† † p≤.001;
Compassionate care		0.10		-0.00		0.22^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Thinking as the patient		0.08		-0.07		-0.17
Emotional care		0.12		-0.12		-0.15
Emotional clarity		0.13^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.20		0.00
Emotional reparation		0.13		-0.18		0.15
Total R²_adjusted	0.14^† † p≤.001;		0.16^† † p≤.001;		0.29^† † p≤.001;

Variable	Affective		Cognitive		Conative
Predictors	∆R²	β	∆R²	β	∆R²	β
Step 1 General hospitalization	0.09		0.16^* * p≤.001;		0.23^* * p≤.001;
Perspective taking		-0.27^† † p≤.01;		0.36^* * p≤.001;		0.48^* * p≤.001;
Compassionate care		0.03		-0.05		0.23^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Thinking as the patient		0.05		-0.03		-0.18^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Step 2 General hospitalization	0.01^† † p≤.01;		0.05		0.05^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Perspective taking		-0.25^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.36^* * p≤.001;		0.40^* * p≤.001;
Compassionate care		0.01		-0.03		0.21^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Thinking as the patient		0.03		-0.03		-0.15
Emotional care		0.17		-0.11		-0.16
Emotional clarity		-0.35^* * p≤.001;		0.24^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.24^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Emotional reparation		0.21^‡ ‡ p≤.05		-0.18		0.03
Total R²_adjusted	0.15^* * p≤.001;		0.17^* * p≤.001;		0.25^* * p≤.001;
Step 1 Special services	0.11^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.13^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.22^* * p≤.001;
Perspective taking		0.14^* * p≤.001;		0.31^† † p≤.01;		0.43^* * p≤.001;
Compassionate care		0.11		-0.07		0.02^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Thinking as the patient		0.08		-0.01		-0.11^‡ ‡ p≤.05
Step 2 Special services	0.02		0.01		0.03
Perspective taking		0.15^† † p≤.01;		0.26^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.35^† † p≤.01;
Compassionate care		0.10		-0.07		0.01
Thinking as the patient		0.08		-0.02		-0.11
Emotional care		0.12		0.03		-0.02
Emotional clarity		0.13		-0.00		-0.06
Emotional reparation		0.13		0.12		0.20
Total R²_adjusted	0.06^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.08^‡ ‡ p≤.05		0.19^* * p≤.001;

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding author: Vicente Javier Prado-Gascó E-mail: vicente.prado@uv.es