Phase of Transportation
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Mapping of Aerospace Nurse Competencies in Disaster Context
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PRE-FLIGHT
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To know the physiology of flight and aeronautical emergency procedures to provide quality nursing care ( 77. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart...
, 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 1919. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900...
, 3333. Agazio J. Army nursing practice challenges in humanitarian and wartime missions. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010;16(2):166-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01826.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010...
, 3636. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100...
- 3737. Scuissiato DR, Boffi LV, Rocha RR, Montezeli JH, Bordin MT, Peres AM. Flight nurses’ comprehension about their role in the multiprofesional team of aero-medical transport. Rev Bras Enferm. 2012;65(4):614-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672012000400010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201200...
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To know flight, patient, and professional safety practices related to aircraft on the ground or in flight ( 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 3333. Agazio J. Army nursing practice challenges in humanitarian and wartime missions. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010;16(2):166-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01826.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010...
, 3636. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100...
- 3737. Scuissiato DR, Boffi LV, Rocha RR, Montezeli JH, Bordin MT, Peres AM. Flight nurses’ comprehension about their role in the multiprofesional team of aero-medical transport. Rev Bras Enferm. 2012;65(4):614-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672012000400010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201200...
, 4545. Hughes V. Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004–2008. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(2):161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.1...
46. Bridges E, McNeill M. Bringing evidence to the point of care: TriService Nursing Research Program battlefield and disaster nursing pocket guide. Mil Med. 2020;185(Supplement_2):50-3. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290 https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290...
47. Alfes CM. Improving air medical transport training: anurse leader perspective. Nurse Lead. 2020;18(1):63-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2019.11.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2019.11.01...
- 4848. Masterson S, Deasy C, Doyle M, Hennelly D, Knox S, Sorensen J. What clinical crew competencies and qualifications are required for helicopter emergency medical services? A review of the literature. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2020;28:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722...
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To know the aircraft used in air transportation and understand the use of related medical equipment ( 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 1919. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900...
, 2424. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00...
, 2727. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60...
, 2929. Björnsson HM, Kristjánsson M, Möller AD. Converted charter plane for mass transport of patients after a tsunami. Air Med J. 2008;27(6):293-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.00...
, 3333. Agazio J. Army nursing practice challenges in humanitarian and wartime missions. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010;16(2):166-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01826.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010...
, 5050. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011...
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To be able to prepare the aircraft for the mission ( 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 1919. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900...
, 2424. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00...
, 2727. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60...
, 4646. Bridges E, McNeill M. Bringing evidence to the point of care: TriService Nursing Research Program battlefield and disaster nursing pocket guide. Mil Med. 2020;185(Supplement_2):50-3. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290 https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz290...
, 4949. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01...
- 5050. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011...
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To perform the checklist of standardized materials and medications for use in the aircraft ( 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 1919. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900...
, 2424. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00...
, 2727. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60...
, 4949. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01...
- 5050. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011...
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To provide the necessary materials, equipment, and oxygen ( 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 1919. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900...
, 2424. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00...
, 2727. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60...
, 4949. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01...
- 5050. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011...
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To have leadership skills and decision-making ability ( 2828. Klein KR, Nagel NE. Mass medical evacuation: Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans airport. Disaster Manage Response. 2007;5(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.00...
, 4545. Hughes V. Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004–2008. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(2):161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.1...
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To act as a training professional developing programs within the team, to ensure that the team has updated skills, competencies, and knowledge ( 4545. Hughes V. Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004–2008. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(2):161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.1...
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To possess technical skills to deal with disasters, communication skills, and the ability to handle multiple victims ( 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 1919. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900...
, 2424. Bridges EJ. Military and disaster nursing. Crit Care Nurs Clin. 2003;15(2):xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00086-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5885(02)00...
, 2727. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60...
, 3434. Passos IP, Toledo VP, Duran EC. Air transport of patients: analysis of scientific knowledge. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64:1127–31. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600021 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100...
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To have good oral and written communication skills, to discuss cases with the team and to complete required reports ( 77. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart...
, 3535. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Nascimento KC, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Nursing care protocol for trauma patients in the aerospace environment: during and post-flight care. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2011;20(3):478-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072011000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201100...
, 3737. Scuissiato DR, Boffi LV, Rocha RR, Montezeli JH, Bordin MT, Peres AM. Flight nurses’ comprehension about their role in the multiprofesional team of aero-medical transport. Rev Bras Enferm. 2012;65(4):614-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672012000400010 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201200...
, 4545. Hughes V. Air Force Nursing Executive leadership impact on health care 2004–2008. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(2):161-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.1...
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To assess the need for aircraft use, identifying the nature of the emergency based on the condition, number of victims, and location of the occurrence ( 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 1818. Tacahashi DM. Assistência de Enfermagem pré-hospitalar às emergências: um novo desafio para enfermagem. Rev Bras Enferm. 1991;44:113-5. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71671991000200014 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167199100...
, 3636. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100...
, 4444. Yanagawa Y, Ishikawa K, Takeuchi I, Nagasawa H, Jitsuiki K, Ohsaka H, et al. Should helicopters transport patients who become sick after a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attack? Air Med J. 2018;37(2):124-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.01...
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To plan the entire mission together with the multiprofessional team ( 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
, 3636. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100...
, 4444. Yanagawa Y, Ishikawa K, Takeuchi I, Nagasawa H, Jitsuiki K, Ohsaka H, et al. Should helicopters transport patients who become sick after a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attack? Air Med J. 2018;37(2):124-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.01...
, 5151. Thompson G, Miller B, Lenz TJ. Comparing intubation success between flight nurses and flight paramedics in helicopter emergency medical services. Air Med J. 2023;42(6):436-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.00...
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To conduct patient assessment (Nursing History) and participate in the decision regarding whether the patient should be airlifted or not ( 2020. Wrobleski DS, Vukov LF. Training of flight nurses on fixed-wing air ambulance services. Air Med J. 1996;15(4):158-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90023-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90...
, 2525. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106...
, 3535. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Nascimento KC, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Nursing care protocol for trauma patients in the aerospace environment: during and post-flight care. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2011;20(3):478-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072011000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201100...
, 3838. Franco YE, De Lorenzo RA, Salyer SW. Emergent interfacility evacuation of critical care patients in combat. Air Med J. 2012;31(4):185-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.00...
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To perform procedures of various complexities in preparing the patient for transport according to the clinical condition ( 77. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart...
, 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
- 2323. Rocha PK, Prado ML, Radünz V, Wosny AM. Nursing care in pre-hospital attendiment service and airmedical removal. Rev Bras Enferm. 2003;56(6):695-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672003000600022 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167200300...
, 2525. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106...
, 2727. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60...
- 2828. Klein KR, Nagel NE. Mass medical evacuation: Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans airport. Disaster Manage Response. 2007;5(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.00...
, 3030. Collins ST. Emergency medical support units to critical care transport teams in Iraq. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2008;20(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10....
, 4949. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01...
- 5050. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011...
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FLIGHT
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To have knowledge about emergency procedures of the aircraft in which the transport is conducted ( 2525. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106...
- 2626. Leppäniemi A, Vuola J, Vornanen M. Surgery in the air - Evacuating Finnish tsunami victims from Thailand. Scand J Surg. 2005;94(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400103 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496905094001...
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To have the ability to develop and manage actions of the disaster response plan in an airborne environment ( 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 2727. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60...
, 3939. Minnick JM, Bebarta VS, Stanton M, Lairet JR, King J, Torres P, et al. The incidence of fever in US Critical Care Air Transport Team combat trauma patients evacuated from the theater between March 2009 and March 2010. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):e101-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.00...
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To possess good written communication skills to make nursing records and notes ( 2121. Gentil RC. Historical and organizational aspect of aeromedical transport: the assistance dynamics. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 1997;31:452-67. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62341997000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234199700...
- 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
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To have the capacity to lead the care team during the flight ( 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
) . |
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To manage the patient flow, human resources, materials, equipment, and supplies during the flight ( 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 1919. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900...
, 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
, 2626. Leppäniemi A, Vuola J, Vornanen M. Surgery in the air - Evacuating Finnish tsunami victims from Thailand. Scand J Surg. 2005;94(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400103 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496905094001...
27. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60...
- 2828. Klein KR, Nagel NE. Mass medical evacuation: Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans airport. Disaster Manage Response. 2007;5(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.00...
, 3131. Hudson TL, Morton R. Critical care transport in a combat environment: building tactical trauma transport teams before and during deployment. Crit Care Nurse. 2010;30(6):57-66. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2010390 https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2010390...
- 3232. De Jong MJ, Benner R, Benner P, Richard ML, Kenny DJ, Kelley P, et al. Mass casualty care in an expeditionary environment: developing local knowledge and expertise in context. J Trauma Nurs. 2010;17(1):45-58. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e3181d914ed https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e3181d9...
, 4242. Sandström L, Nilsson C, Juuso P, Engström Å. The helicopter as a caring context: experiences of people suffering trauma. Int Emerg Nurs. 2017;32:34-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.0...
, 4444. Yanagawa Y, Ishikawa K, Takeuchi I, Nagasawa H, Jitsuiki K, Ohsaka H, et al. Should helicopters transport patients who become sick after a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attack? Air Med J. 2018;37(2):124-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.11.01...
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To have the ability to manage incidents during the flight ( 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
, 3636. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100...
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To use instruments that ensure professional safety and health (PPE and PPE) ( 77. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart...
, 4040. Morton R, Krakover B, Hudson T, Alexander B. Casualty evacuation: an innovative role for emergency nurses. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):576-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.00...
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To conduct a focused medical history and physical examination, establishing the nursing process ( 2020. Wrobleski DS, Vukov LF. Training of flight nurses on fixed-wing air ambulance services. Air Med J. 1996;15(4):158-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90023-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1067-991X(96)90...
, 2525. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106...
, 3636. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100...
, 3838. Franco YE, De Lorenzo RA, Salyer SW. Emergent interfacility evacuation of critical care patients in combat. Air Med J. 2012;31(4):185-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2011.09.00...
- 3939. Minnick JM, Bebarta VS, Stanton M, Lairet JR, King J, Torres P, et al. The incidence of fever in US Critical Care Air Transport Team combat trauma patients evacuated from the theater between March 2009 and March 2010. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):e101-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.00...
, 4141. Elliott B. Military nurses’ experiences returning from war. J Adv Nurs. 2015;71(5):1066-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588...
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To provide psychosocial support to the patient during transport ( 44. Lourenço MB, Pinto CM, Silva OC Junior, Lourenço LH, Paes GO, Oliveira AB. The inclusion of Brazilian flight female nurses in the second world war: challenges and achievements. Esc Anna Nery. 2017;21(4):e20170008. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0008 https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-20...
, 2121. Gentil RC. Historical and organizational aspect of aeromedical transport: the assistance dynamics. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 1997;31:452-67. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62341997000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234199700...
- 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
, 3636. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100...
, 4242. Sandström L, Nilsson C, Juuso P, Engström Å. The helicopter as a caring context: experiences of people suffering trauma. Int Emerg Nurs. 2017;32:34-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2016.09.0...
) . |
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To perform procedures of various complexities during the flight, according to the patient’s clinical condition ( 77. Conselho Federal de Medicina (BR). Medicina aeroespacial: orientações gerais para médicos a bordo [Internet]. Brasília: CFM; 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 13];2(1):152-71. Available from: http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cartilhaaeroespcaial2018.pdf http://portal.cfm.org.br/images/PDF/cart...
, 99. Haberland DF, Silva TA, Kneodler TS, Guilherme FJ, Borges LL, Oliveira AB. Competencies for aeromedical evacuation practices in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0315pt https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-20...
, 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
- 2323. Rocha PK, Prado ML, Radünz V, Wosny AM. Nursing care in pre-hospital attendiment service and airmedical removal. Rev Bras Enferm. 2003;56(6):695-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672003000600022 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167200300...
, 2525. Grissom TE, Farmer JC. The provision of sophisticated critical care beyond the hospital: lessons from physiology and military experiences that apply to civil disaster medical response. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S13-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000151063.85112.5A https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.000015106...
, 2727. AORN guidance statement: mass casualty, triage, and evacuation. AORN J. 2007;85(4):792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60154-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60...
28. Klein KR, Nagel NE. Mass medical evacuation: Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans airport. Disaster Manage Response. 2007;5(2):56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmr.2007.03.00...
29. Björnsson HM, Kristjánsson M, Möller AD. Converted charter plane for mass transport of patients after a tsunami. Air Med J. 2008;27(6):293-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2008.06.00...
- 3030. Collins ST. Emergency medical support units to critical care transport teams in Iraq. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2008;20(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10....
, 3636. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight. Rev Bras Enferm. 2011;64(6):1056-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672011000600011 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167201100...
, 3939. Minnick JM, Bebarta VS, Stanton M, Lairet JR, King J, Torres P, et al. The incidence of fever in US Critical Care Air Transport Team combat trauma patients evacuated from the theater between March 2009 and March 2010. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):e101-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.00...
, 4141. Elliott B. Military nurses’ experiences returning from war. J Adv Nurs. 2015;71(5):1066-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12588...
, 4848. Masterson S, Deasy C, Doyle M, Hennelly D, Knox S, Sorensen J. What clinical crew competencies and qualifications are required for helicopter emergency medical services? A review of the literature. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2020;28:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00722...
49. Guénot P, Coudreuse M, Lely L, Granger-Veyron N. Helicopter rescue missions for emergency medical aid at sea: a new assignment for the French military medical service? Air Med J. 2021;40(4):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.01...
- 5050. Cheung AC, Lam RP, Fok PW, Ng EP, Chaang VK, Rainer TH. Predictors for in-flight medical interventions during helicopter interfacility transport in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2022;29(5):296-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/10249079211030110 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907921103011...
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To perform orotracheal intubation when necessary ( 5151. Thompson G, Miller B, Lenz TJ. Comparing intubation success between flight nurses and flight paramedics in helicopter emergency medical services. Air Med J. 2023;42(6):436-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2023.07.00...
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POST-FLIGHT
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To have good written communication skills to complete patient documentation in forms or a proprietary system, organize and protocol records chronologically ( 1919. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900...
, 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
, 2626. Leppäniemi A, Vuola J, Vornanen M. Surgery in the air - Evacuating Finnish tsunami victims from Thailand. Scand J Surg. 2005;94(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400103 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496905094001...
, 3535. Schweitzer G, Nascimento ER, Nascimento KC, Moreira AR, Bertoncello KC. Nursing care protocol for trauma patients in the aerospace environment: during and post-flight care. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2011;20(3):478-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072011000300008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201100...
, 4040. Morton R, Krakover B, Hudson T, Alexander B. Casualty evacuation: an innovative role for emergency nurses. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):576-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.00...
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To provide clear technical communication by providing a detailed description of the patient’s case to the ground health team, indicating all changes and interventions performed during pre-flight and during the flight ( 1919. Bader GB, Terhorst M, Heilman P, DePalma JA. Characteristics of flight nursing practice. Air Med J. 1995;14(4):214-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)90005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/1067-991X(95)900...
, 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
, 2626. Leppäniemi A, Vuola J, Vornanen M. Surgery in the air - Evacuating Finnish tsunami victims from Thailand. Scand J Surg. 2005;94(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400103 https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496905094001...
, 4040. Morton R, Krakover B, Hudson T, Alexander B. Casualty evacuation: an innovative role for emergency nurses. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(6):576-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.08.00...
) . |
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To disinfect health equipment and replenish materials for the next mission ( 2222. Thomaz RR, Miranda MF, Souza GA, Gentil RC. Enfermeiro de bordo: uma profissão no ar. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2022 Jan 10];12(1):86-96. Available from: https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298/1982-0194-ape-S0103-2100199900012000298.pdf https://acta-ape.org/wp-content/uploads/...
) . |