menu menu_open
Brasil
home Sumário navigate_before Anterior Atual Seguinte navigate_next
home Sumário
ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Saúde debate 42 (spe2) • Oct 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042018S208 linkcopy

Open-access Evaluation of the quality of Prenatal Care in Brazil

AuthorshipSCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

    ABSTRACT

    The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the structure of the health units and the management and assistance processes of Prenatal Care (PNC) within the scope of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil, in municipalities that joined the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB). This is a normative evaluation with data from 16.566 family health teams that joined the PMAQ-AB. A logical model of the PNC components was elaborated, composed of the analysis, management and care dimensions, and 42 criteria of structure and process and their respective standards. The structure of the basic units and the actions provided by the teams did not comply with the majority of the standards, highlighting the existence of structural barriers, unavailability of medicines and essential tests, problems in the provision of the cast of assistance actions, involving individual attention and clinical care, as well as health promotion and collective and domiciliary actions offered. It is concluded that, despite the high coverage of PNC and its institutionalization in PHC services, problems persist that must be addressed by governmental initiatives that guarantee comprehensive attention and quality in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle and that have repercussions on the improvement of health indicators of maternal and child health.

    KEYWORDS Health evaluation; Primary Health Care; Family Health Strategy; Prenatal care; Maternal and child health

    RESUMO

    O objetivo do estudo foi investigar características da estrutura das unidades de saúde e dos processos gerenciais e assistenciais da Atenção Pré-Natal (APN) no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil, em municípios que aderiram ao Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Trata-se de avaliação normativa com dados de 16.566 equipes de saúde da família que aderiram ao PMAQ-AB. Foi elaborado um modelo lógico dos componentes da APN, composto pelas dimensões de análise, gerencial e assistencial, e de 42 critérios de estrutura e processo e seus respectivos padrões. A estrutura das unidades básicas e as ações prestadas pelas equipes não obedeciam à maioria dos padrões, destacando-se a existência de barreiras estruturais, indisponibilidade de medicamentos e exames essenciais, problemas na oferta do elenco de ações assistenciais, envolvendo a atenção individual e o cuidado clínico, bem como de promoção da saúde e ações coletivas e domiciliares ofertadas. Conclui-se que, apesar da alta cobertura da APN e da sua institucionalização nos serviços de APS, persistem problemas que devem ser alvo de iniciativas governamentais que garantam atenção integral e de qualidade no ciclo gravídico-puerperal e que repercutam na melhoria dos indicadores de saúde materno-infantil.

    PALAVRAS-CHAVE Avaliação em saúde; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Estratégia Saúde da Família; Cuidado pré-natal; Saúde materno-infantil

    Introduction

    Prenatal Care (PNC) is fundamental for achieving good results in the outcome of pregnancy, and its quality is related to the availability of resources in the managerial and care scope, as well as to the development of actions routinely, obeying technical-scientific standards of quality. To be effective, it is recommended that prenatal care be initiated at the beginning of pregnancy1 and be constituted by a set of actions established by care protocols that guide the conditions and procedures necessary for the care of pregnant women2,3.

    Several studies have demonstrated the association of PNC with the prevention of risks in pregnancy, reduction of complications in childbirth and puerperium4 and of perinatal complications5; better health conditions of the conceived, with better intra-uterine growth6, lower incidence of low birth weight7, reduction of maternal-infant mortality2,3,8 and neonatal and perinatal morbidity and mortality9.

    In Brazil, the notable advances about the expansion of PNC coverage observed in recent years10 have not been homogeneously distributed in the national territory, with great inequalities persisting. Several studies have demonstrated access difficulties for women with lower schooling, without partners and multiparous women11 and pregnant women12; highlighting the maintenance of social and racial disparities, especially, in rural areas and indigenous areas of the North Region11.

    In recent years, several initiatives have been implemented to improve the quality of PNC2 and Primary Health Care (PHC)13,14, and the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) is one of the most recent and relevant strategies. This Program, created in 2011, was adhered to in the first cycle by 3.935 municipalities and by 17.202 health teams. In addition, all the Basic Health Units (BHU) of the 5.543 municipalities of the Country were registered through observation in the unit. It should be noted that the census took place independently of the accession of the municipal manager15.

    The aim of PMAQ-AB is to increase PHC access, as well as to guarantee quality standards in the development of care and managerial actions at this level of attention13,14. It consists of four phases (voluntary accession and contractualization; development; external evaluation and re-contractualization), and the external evaluation, in short, aims to evaluate the conditions of the units infrastructure, availability of inputs, aspects of the work process, managerial and organizational health services, with a view to certifying the health teams that voluntarily joined the Program13-15.

    The PMAQ-AB external evaluation data allow the identification, at a national level, of aspects related to prenatal and puerperium care, which can subsidize planning, monitoring and evaluation practices. In addition, they are sources for the development of research, minimizing knowledge gaps, given the incipience of evaluative studies that consider the aspects of structure and process, at a national level, that go beyond the number of consultations.

    Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the structure of the health units and of the management and assistance processes of PNC in the scope of PHC in Brazil, in municipalities that joined the PMAQ-AB.

    Methods

    This is a normative evaluation study with secondary data related to Family Health Teams (FHT) from PMAQ-AB, in 2012, in Brazil13-15.

    Logical model

    The first stage of this study was the elaboration of the model. The theoretical framework of Donabedian16 was adopted for its construction and it was sought to represent the components of the PNC and their relations with each other, being formulated two dimensions of analysis, managerial and care, composed by attributes of structure and process.

    The logic model was elaborated from the norms and laws that regulate the PNC, whose contents were extracted from two manuals elaborated by the Ministry of Health: the 'Primary Care Notebook - Attention to the Low Risk Prenatal'2 and the 'Manual of Physical Structure of the BHU'17, essential for the elaboration of the present logical model (figure 1).

    Figure 1
    Logical model of quality of Prenatal Care

    Population and sample

    This study used baseline data from the PMAQ-AB - which refers to the first cycle of the external evaluation of the Program, including the BHU census, in Brazil, carried out in 201214, which covered 38.812 establishments. Of the total number of Brazilian municipalities, 3.935 (70.7%) joined the PMAQ-AB, and 17.202 (51.0%) health teams participated in the evaluation, with the lowest accession among teams in the Northeast Region (23.2%) and higher among the South and Southeast Regions (37.9%, respectively). Among the federated units, the percentage ranged from 3.1% (Maranhão) to 47.9% (Santa Catarina).

    Within the scope of primary care, there are different modalities of health teams. Primary care teams are considered family health teams and parametrized primary care teams, oral health team and family health centers. Although the Family Health Strategy (FHS) is the basic option for the organization of PHC services in Brazil, there are basic care teams that organize differently from the FHS. In these cases, for the correspondence of the workload between the teams of the two modalities, an equivalence of teams of primary care was proposed by means of the sum of the minimum hours of doctors and nurses, given that, after the equivalence of the workload, the number of these workloads may correspond to one, two or three FHT18.

    Of the total number of participating teams, 70% were of the FHT type with oral health, 26% of FHT without oral health and less than 4% of primary care teams of other type or parametrized. The sample, after exclusion of the primary care teams from another modality, was constituted by 16.566 FHT that joined the PMAQ-AB and that participated in the census of the BHU, corresponding to 49.6% of the teams implanted in 2012, covering 69.3% of brazilian municipalities.

    Description of the criteria and patterns

    The analysis matrix used for evaluation contains two dimensions of analysis, managerial and care, each one composed of structure and process attributes, deployed in 20 sub-dimensions and 42 criteria, with their respective standards (chart 1).

    Thumbnail
    Chart 1
    Criteria and Standards of the managerial and care dimensions, sub-dimensions, attributes of structure and process of the PNC and categorization of the criteria

    In the managerial dimension, the structure attributes include the criteria: physical structure, material resources, human resources and reference protocol and flows. The attributes of the process are constituted by the following criteria: operating hours, regulatory center, permanent education and Prenatal, Childbirth, Puerperium and Child Monitoring and Evaluation System (SisPreNatal). In the care dimension, the attributes of structure include the criteria: physical structure; material resources; human resources, instruments of registration and protocols. The process attributes include the following criteria: home visit, laboratory tests, vaccination, record (use of the pregnant woman's booklet and record of information regarding prenatal care) and programming and offer of actions related to consultation, health promotion and risk classification. The criteria are described in detail in chart 1.

    Each criterion was constructed, most of the times, by aggregating aspects from more than one issue of the PMAQ-AB18 instruments, dichotomizing the yes and no response alternatives. In the case of equipment, instruments, inputs, quick test, vaccines and printed material, it was considered as an affirmative answer the cases in which the items were in conditions of use, were in sufficient quantity, always available, or available when necessary, in the case of vehicles. For the questions related to the actions developed by the health professionals, it was considered as an affirmative answer only the cases in which the action was reported with the presentation of documentary confirmation.

    Finally, the 'never available/sometimes available', 'do not know/did not answer' and 'not applicable' response options were classified as 'no'.

    Each criterion was categorized as 'inadequate', 'intermediate' and 'adequate', based on the adopted standards, constructed according to the adopted norms. The frameworks of the above categories can be found in chart 1.

    Data processing and analysis

    Initially, for the construction of the database of the present study, a deterministic linkage was performed which consists of the connection of two or more databases that have common variables, and which allows the establishment of a single database. The linking procedure was performed in the Stata software through the merge, corresponding to the linking of the unit census database (module I) and the external evaluation of the health teams that joined the PMAQ-AB (module II), from of the variable 'CNES', common between the two databases. For 295 (1.78%) units, there was inconsistency in the information on the number of teams between the two databases, which was corrected from the external evaluation information.

    Simple and relative frequencies were calculated from the number of teams that reached the appropriate level for each criterion alone and by group of criteria, presented in the form of graphs, according to macro-regions and Brazil. Data were processed and analyzed using the Stata 12.0® software.

    The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Collective Health of the Federal University of Bahia and received Opinion nº 021-12.

    Results

    For the managerial dimension, in the structure attributes, the highest adequacy percentages presented by the FHT were for the coordinator availability criteria (98%, ranging from 97.0%, Northeast Region, to 99.5%, North Region) and for external signaling in the units (84.4% in Brazil, ranging from 80.4%, North Region, to 86.5%, Central-West Region). On the other hand, less than half of the FHT were considered adequate for vehicle availability criteria (48.9% of FHT, ranging from 30.8%, in the North Region, to 60.5%, in the South Region), computer equipment with internet access (38.75% of the FHT, ranging from 16.2% in the Northeast Region, to 61.8%, in the South Region), and documents with references and flows for laboratory exams, obstetrical and local ultrasonography for the delivery (33.2% of FHT, ranging from 23.9%, in the Center-West Region, to 41.4%, in the Southeast Region) (table 1).

    Thumbnail
    Table 1
    Adequacy of the attributes of structure and process, managerial dimension, according to Regions. Brazil, 2012

    Still on this dimension, only about 5% or less of the teams reported developing managerial actions in units with all physical administrative and support structures present (5.1% of the FHT, ranging from 7.1%, in the South Region, to 21% 1%, North Region), accessible to users who cannot read, with visual or auditory deficiency (4.5% of FHT, ranging from 21.1%, Central-west, to 6.4%, South Region) and for those with difficulty of locomotion or wheelchair users (1.4% of FHT, ranging from 0.1%, in the Center-West Region, to 2.8%, in the Southeast Region), reaching the lowest levels of adequacy (table 1).

    Regarding the process attributes of the managerial dimension, the SisPreNatal regular feeding criterion (75%, ranging from 82.2%, South Region, to 90.9%, Northeast Region) was for the criterion that the teams presented the best percentages of adequacy. On the other hand, less than 50% of the teams were classified as adequate for the two-shift operation criteria and from 12pm to 14pm (45.4%, ranging from 28.8%, South Region, to 67.8%, Southeast Region), link to the regulatory center (25.7%, ranging from 21.5%, in the Northeast Region, to 37.6%, in the South Region) and permanent education actions in the municipality (23.9%, ranging from 8% 1%, Northeast Region, to 35.6%, Southeast Region) (table 1).

    Regarding the care dimension, for the structural criteria, more than 75% of the teams were classified as adequate because they had a complete primary care team (84.5%, ranging from 79.0%, South Region, to 86.3%, Northeastern Region) and by having instruments (sonar etc.), under conditions of use (83.3%, ranging from 71.2%, North Region, to 88.6%, South Region). In this dimension, adequacy was found between 50% and 75% of the teams for protocols criteria with a prenatal definition and essential laboratory tests (71.5%, ranging from 60.7%, Central-West Region, to 80.5%, Southeast Region), inputs for women's health (always have a glass blade, etc.) (67.0%, ranging from 55.1%, in the Northeast Region, to 85.3%, in the South Region) and printed material (booklet of the pregnant woman, etc.) (59.6%, ranging from 52.2%, in the Northeast Region, to 68.1%, in the North Region).

    It was also observed that less than 50% of the teams had vaccines (seasonal influenza, hepatitis B and adult type dT) (43.5%, ranging from 32.6%, South Region, to 48.8%, North Region) inputs (tongue depressor etc) (28.1%, ranging from 14.3%, in the Northeast Region, to 40.3%, in the South Region) and essential medicines (at least one type of medicine in each group, for example, analgesics, etc.) in sufficient quantity (28.3%, ranging from 10.3%, North Region, to 43.7%, South Region). The worst results, however, were verified for the physical structure criteria for clinical care (offices, etc. present) (8.8%, ranging from 2.8%, North Region, to 13.2%, Southeast Region) and quick test for diagnosis of syphilis, HIV and pregnancy (1.6%, ranging from 0.9%, Northeast Region, to 3.7%, North Region) (table 2).

    Thumbnail
    Table 2
    Adequacy of the attributes of structure and process, care dimension, according to Regions. Brazil, 2012

    In the care dimension, for the process attributes, the highest percentages of adequacy were observed only for the criteria collection of failing puerperal and pregnant women (89.6%, ranging from 83.9%, Central-West Region, to 91.2% , Northeastern Region) and guidance on the importance of the dT vaccine and the availability of basic calendar vaccines (78.6%, ranging from 74.2%, South Region, to 83.2%, Northeast Region), for which more than 75% of the teams achieved the best results (table 2).

    It was also observed that between 50% and 75% of the teams reported scheduling consultations and actions for users of priority programs or groups, of continued care and PNC (73.4%, ranging from 69.5%, Central-West Region, to 76.8%, Northeastern Region), offer services, send pregnant women for consultations and examinations based on the evaluation and classification of risk and vulnerability (67.5%, ranging from 64.0% in the Central-West Region, to 71.7%, Southeast Region), and to organize an agenda for the offer of health promotion activities on breastfeeding (51.7%, ranging from 47.5%, in the Northeast Region, to 57.2%, in the Southeast Region). On the other hand, the most unfavorable results, smaller than 50% of the attribute, were for the domiciliary care criterion by the fulfillment of social and clinical criteria (42.2%, ranging from 18.7%, South Region, to 49.3%, Southeast Region), perform, collect and receive test results in a timely manner (37.3%, ranging from 19.3%, Northeast Region, to 52.9%, Southeast Region), use the pregnant woman's booklet and have the number of high-risk pregnant women in the territory (30.6%, ranging from 26.3%, Central-West Region, to 34.2%, Southeast Region), and conduct consultation on any day and time of the week to ensure puerperium care for up to ten days after delivery (27.1%, ranging from 15.0%, Center-West Region, to 32.1%, Northeast Region) (table 2).

    Discussion

    Evidences found in the present study on the evaluation of PNC in the Family Health Strategy demonstrated that the structure of the BHU and the processes in the development of the actions provided did not meet most of the standards established in national protocols, both in the managerial dimension and in the care dimension, revealing low quality of PNC and the puerperium in Brazil. These problems referred to several spheres, from the accessibility to actions and services to the accomplishment of health promotion actions and the quality of clinical care, involving not only the individual attention, but also the collective and domiciliary actions offered.

    In Brazil, most of the studies related to PNC have focused their analysis on classical criteria of adequacy. The use of data from the PMAQ-AB allowed to reveal, in the light of the Donnabedian approach, the conditions of the family health units and the development of the actions of the FHT in the scope of the PHC, being, therefore, a study that, from the theoretical and methodological point of view, extended the scope of the analyzes related to PNC in the Country.

    Initially, it should be noted that several national scope studies have shown that care for pregnant women is universal in Brazil, with persistent social inequalities and inadequacy of care11,12. A recent study with data from the external evaluation of PMAQ-AB with users linked to BHU also found inadequacy of care12, which is corroborated by the low percentages among the dimensions analyzed.

    It has also been evaluated the infrastructure of the basic units in the Country19 that support the results of the study on architectural barriers for people with some special need, highlighting the structural precariousness and the lack of basic adaptations for the attendance of users in these conditions in the family health units in Brazil.

    Contrary to the expansion of the opening hours of the unit, which can guarantee greater accession to PNC and scheduled visits, increase the satisfaction of pregnant women and favor the continuity of prenatal care20, the results showed weaknesses in their functioning. In addition, frailties were found in reception, a situation described in an integrative review21.

    The percentage of teams with material resources available for the resolubility of prenatal care in the units was quite inexpressive, being consistent with evidence found in the literature regarding the lack of medicines in the units22; difficulties in performing exams23, or the low application of existing HIV and syphilis tests, with a high percentage of units with material expired24; documents and flows agreed by municipal management25; and, moreover, absence of several structures in the units investigated in a study of local coverage26.

    One of the most encouraging findings, in summary, was the presence of coordinators for the management of the units and health professionals of various categories for the development of clinical activities and health promotion, in addition, the development of actions such as the capture of puerperal and pregnant women for early start of care, guidance on vaccination status and offering of basic calendar vaccine, as well as feeding of the SisPreNatal.

    Health promotion actions have a positive impact on the achievement of breastfeeding and on birth weight27. However, in this study, only the organization of agendas of the teams to offer such actions was investigated, and it is not possible to measure if they are, in fact, carried out. The incipience of actions to promote health in the context of PHC, in general28, and, specifically, aimed at breastfeeding in pregnant and puerperal women29 has been described in other studies.

    The international literature has highlighted problems related to the quality of PNC in several countries of different continents, which reinforces the relevance of studies on the subject. In Europe, a recent systematic review has shown that although maternal care systems are well implemented across the continent, inequalities persist in Central and Eastern European countries, which suffer from barriers to maternal care, obsolete material resources, lack of medicines and protocols inadequate and outdated, among others30. A study carried out in a more populous and developed region of Asia pointed out that the quality of the PNC was extremely inadequate, especially due to factors such as inadequacy and low coverage at managerial and care levels, especially regarding the distance of the units, facilities deficiency and time of work and availability of human resources, among others31. In a Latin American context, in Mexico, it was evidenced low referral of pregnant women to educational activities32, and, specifically in Brazil, low quality of the PNC has been commonly described12,33.

    As a limitation of the study, the use of secondary data can be highlighted due to possible data quality problems, such as, for example, the information bias. In the case of PMAQ, as the coordinators of the units were responsible for the information provided, there could be an overestimation of the activities carried out by the teams. In addition, the diversity of institutions involved in data collection could have compromised the standardization of procedures. However, this study revealed several weaknesses in the units and the managerial and care processes of the teams, which does not reinforce the hypothesis of masking the problems by the coordinators. Moreover, even with the possibility of attenuating the structural and care problems of the teams, it is necessary to emphasize that, in all the sub-dimensions studied, although some percentage variations between the regions were observed, it was evidenced that the problems were present in all the national territory, with very similar regional standards, which reinforces the reliability of the data and the speech in favor of the robustness of the presented results.

    As main potentiality of the study, the use of a vast amount of information on the characteristics of the structure of the family health units and the actions carried out by health professionals in the PNC is highlighted, covering a large number of municipalities, allowing a delineation of a current situation in Brazil with a broader scope of analysis related to PNC in the Country. Another positive fact was the use of a theoretical-logical model, based on theoretical reference on the use of structure and process attributes in the quality evaluation15, considering base normative and legal provisions on PNC.

    Finally, the results presented in this study demonstrate that, despite the high coverage of the PNC and its institutionalization for many years, on standards and protocols, in Brazil, there are still problems of many natures, with potential damages to maternal and child health. These findings are fundamental for the understanding of the current situation of large public health problems, such as maternal mortality, which remains at levels above what was established in international pacts, and the increase in the incidence of congenital syphilis, which evidences limits in the effectiveness in PNC34-36.

    • Financial support: non-existent

    References

    • 1 Beeckman K, Louckx F, Putman K. Predisposing, Enabling and Pregnancy-Related Determinants of Late Initiation of Prenatal Care. Matern Child Health J. 2011; 15:1067-1075.
    • 2 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Atenção ao pré-natal de baixo risco. Brasília, DF: MS; 2012.
    • 3 World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: WHO; 2016 [acesso em 2018 mar 10]. Disponível em: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/250796/1/9789241549912-eng.pdf?ua=1
      » http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/250796/1/9789241549912-eng.pdf?ua=1
    • 4 Domingues RMSM, Hartz ZMA, Dias MAB, et al. Avaliação da adequação da assistência pré-natal na rede SUS do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2012 mar; 28(3):425-437.
    • 5 Šegregur J, Šegregur D. Antenatal characteristics of Roma female population in Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia. Slovenian J Public Health. 2017 [acesso em 2018 mar 10]; 56(1):47-54. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329785/pdf/sjph-2017-0007.pdf
      » https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329785/pdf/sjph-2017-0007.pdf
    • 6 Vintzileos AM, Ananth CV, Smulian JC, et al. The impact of prenatal care on neonatal deaths in the presence and absence of antenatal high-risk conditions. American J Obstetrics Gynecology. 2002 maio; 186(5):1011-1016.
    • 7 Gonzaga ICA, Santos SLD, Silva ARV, et al. Atenção pré-natal e fatores de risco associados à prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer em capital do nordeste brasileiro. Ciênc Saúde Colet. 2016; 21(6):1965-1974.
    • 8 Leal MC, Bittencourt SDA, Torres RMC, et al. Determinantes do óbito infantil no Vale do Jequitinhonha e nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Rev Saúde Pública. 2017; 51(12):1-9.
    • 9 Partridge S, Balayla J, Holcroft CA, et al. Inadequate prenatal care utilization and risks of infant mortality and poor birth outcome: a retrospective analysis of 28,729,765 U.S. deliveries over 8 years. Am J Perinatol. 2012 nov; 29(10):787-793.
    • 10 Victoria CG, Aquino EML, Leal MCL, et al. Saúde de mães e crianças no Brasil: progressos e desafios. The Lancet. 2011; 2:32-46.
    • 11 Viellas EF, Domingues RMSM, Dias MAB et al. Assistência pré-natal no Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2014; 30(sup):S85-S100.
    • 12 Tomasi E, Fernandes PAA, Fischer T, et al. Qualidade da atenção pré-natal na rede básica de saúde do Brasil: indicadores e desigualdades sociais. Cad Saúde Pública. 2017; 33(3):1-11.
    • 13 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria MS/GM n°. 1.645, de 02 de outubro de 2015. Dispõe sobre o Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Diário Oficial da União. 2 Out 2015.
    • 14 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Saúde mais perto de você - acesso e qualidade programa nacional de melhoria do acesso e da qualidade da atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB): documento síntese para avaliação externa. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2012.
    • 15 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Avaliação Externa do PMAQ 1º CICLO - 2011/2012. Notas Técnicas. Brasília, DF: MS; 2015. Disponível em: http://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/portaldab/documentos/nota_tecnica_1ciclo11_12.pdf
      » http://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/portaldab/documentos/nota_tecnica_1ciclo11_12.pdf
    • 16 Donabedian A. Garantía y Monitoría de Calidad de la Atención Médica: Un texto introductorio. México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; 1990.
    • 17 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Manual de estrutura física das unidades básicas de saúde: saúde da família. 2. ed. Brasília, DF: MS; 2008.
    • 18 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção a Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Manual Instrutivo para as Equipes de Atenção Básica (Saúde da Família, Saúde Bucal e Equipes Parametrizadas) e NASF. Brasília, DF: MS; 2013. [acesso em 2018 out 11]. Disponível em: http://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/portaldab/publicacoes/manual_instrutivo_PMAQ_AB2013.pdf
      » http://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/portaldab/publicacoes/manual_instrutivo_PMAQ_AB2013.pdf
    • 19 Janssen M, Fonseca SC, Alexandre GC. Avaliação da dimensão estrutura no atendimento ao pré-natal na Estratégia Saúde da Família: potencialidades do PMAQ-AB. Saúde debate. 2016 dez; 40(111):140-152.
    • 20 Mejía PTR, Barona RC, Solarte JCM, et al. Factores de servicios de salud y satisfacción de usuarias asociados al acceso al control prenatal. Hacia Promoc Salud. 2014; 19(1):84-98.
    • 21 Coutinho LRP, Barbieri AR, Santos MLM. Acolhimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde: revisão integrativa. Saúde debate. 2015; 39(105):514-524.
    • 22 Mendes LV, Campos MR, Chaves GC, et al. Disponibilidade de medicamentos nas unidades básicas de saúde e fatores relacionados: uma abordagem transversal. Saúde debate. 2014 out; 38(esp):109-123.
    • 23 Almeida CAL, Tanaka OY. Perspectiva das mulheres na avaliação do Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento. Rev Saúde Pública. 2009 fev; 43(1):98-104.
    • 24 Lopes ACMU, Araújo MAL, Vasconcelo LDPG, et al. Implantação dos testes rápidos para sífilis e HIV na rotina do pré-natal em Fortaleza - Ceará. Rev Bras Enferm. 2016 fev; 69(1):62-66.
    • 25 Protásio APL, Polyana BS, Lima CE, et al. Avaliação do sistema de referência e contrarreferência do estado da Paraíba segundo os profissionais da Atenção Básica no contexto do 1º ciclo de Avaliação Externa do PMAQ-AB. Saúde debate. 2014 out; 38(esp):209-220.
    • 26 Arantes RB, Alvares AS, Correa ACP, et al. Prenatal Care in The Family Health Strategy: Assessment of Structure. Ciênc Cuid Saúde. 2014 abr-jun; 13(2):245-254.
    • 27 Silva EP, Lima RT, Osório MM. Impacto de estratégias educacionais no pré-natal de baixo risco: revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Ciênc Saúde Colet. 2016 set; 21(9):2935-2948.
    • 28 Medina MG, Aquino R, Vilasbôas ALQ, et al. Promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças crônicas: o que fazem as equipes de Saúde da Família? Saúde debate. 2014 out; 38(esp):69-82.
    • 29 Venancio SI, Escuder MML, Saldiva RDM, et al. A prática do aleitamento materno nas capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal: situação atual e avanços. J Pediatr. 2010 ago; 86(4):317-324.
    • 30 Miteniece E, Pavlova M, Rechel B, et al. Barriers to accessing adequate maternal care in Central and Eastern European countries: A systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med. 2017 mar; 177:1-8.
    • 31 Majrooh MA, Hasnain S, Akram J, et al. Coverage and Quality of Antenatal Care Provided at Primary Health Care Facilities in the ‘Punjab’ Province of ‘Pakistan’. Plos One. 2014 nov; 9(11).
    • 32 Doubova SV, Pérez-Cuevas R, Ortiz-Panozo E, et al. Evaluation of the quality of antenatal care using electronic health record information in family medicine clinics of Mexico City. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2014; 14:168.
    • 33 Nunes JT, Gomes KRO, Rodrigues MTP, et al. Qualidade da assistência pré-natal no Brasil: revisão de artigos publicados de 2005 a 2015. Cad Saúde Colet. 2016; 24(2):252-261.
    • 34 World Health Organization. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: WHO; 2015 [acesso em 2018 abr 25]. Disponível em: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/194254/9789241565141_eng.pdf;jsessionid=DB8B807C6178754B973513C74A32D289?sequence=1
      » http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/194254/9789241565141_eng.pdf;jsessionid=DB8B807C6178754B973513C74A32D289?sequence=1
    • 35 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Boletim Epidemiológico. Brasília, DF: MS; 2017.
    • 36 Pan American Health Organization. Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in the Americas: Update 2016. Washington: PAHO; 2017 [acesso em 2018 abr 25]. Disponível em: http://iris.paho.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/34072/9789275119556-eng.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
      » http://iris.paho.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/34072/9789275119556-eng.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y

    Publication Dates

    • Publication in this collection
      Oct 2018

    History

    • Received
      30 June 2018
    • Accepted
      18 Sept 2018
    Creative Common - by 4.0
    Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.
    vertical_align_top file_download show_chart
    location_on
    Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Saúde Av. Brasil, 4036, sala 802, 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Brasil, Tel. 55 21-3882-9140, Fax.55 21-2260-3782 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
    E-mail: revista@saudeemdebate.org.br
    rss_feed Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS
    Acessibilidade / Reportar erro