ABSTRACT
Popcorn culture is highly susceptible to helminthosporiosis (Bipolaris maydis) (h-Bm). The genetic breeding of this culture should prioritize resistance to h-Bm and develop cultivars that offer greater crop sustainability, especially in soils with phosphorus (P) scarcity. P-mineral is usually supplied to maize culture by the application of phosphate fertilizers, which are produced from mineral sources rich in P, the natural reserves of which will be depleted in the medium term. With the aim of selecting popcorn genotypes resistant to h-Bm and with higher P utilization capacity, the present study evaluated h-Bm incidence and severity for 25 popcorn lines (S7) cultivated under high and low phosphorus conditions. There was a significant interaction between genotype (lines) and P fertilization for h-Bm resistance, expressed as disease severity values in the first ear leaf. There was genetic variability for disease resistance. The incidence analysis identifies the lines L-65 L-69, L-70 and L-76 as potentially resistant genotypes, presenting low mean values of h-Bm. The severity analysis, however, presents L-69, L-76, P-3 and P-7 genotypes as potentially resistant in environments with fertilization and without fertilization. The obtained data show that the lines L-69 and L-76 had the best resistance performance in both environments. The genetic resistance to h-Bm can somehow correlate with the response to P fertilization at planting in soils with low natural fertility.
Keywords
Zea mays; Genetic resistance; Phosphate fertilizers