Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory in a sample of Brazilian university students

Silva, Thiago Loreto Garcia da; Ramos, Victoria Guimarães; Donat, Julia Candia; Oliveira, Fernando Rainho de; Gauer, Gustavo; Kristensen, Christian Haag

doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0050

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Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

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Original Article • Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 40 (4) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0050 copy

Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory in a sample of Brazilian university students

Propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Crescimento Pós-Traumático em uma amostra de estudantes universitários brasileiros

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To examine psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI).

Method:

A total of 300 university students were evaluated though instruments that investigated trauma history, depression and posttraumatic symptoms, and personality traits through the Big Five model. Pearson's correlation was used to assess internal consistency, inter-item reliability and construct validity. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to investigate the factor structure of the PTGI.

Results:

Results confirmed the original five-factor structure. The results showed good internal consistency for the total scale (α = 0.91) and its subscales, ranging from α = 0.85 to α = 0.70. Also, evidence of construct and convergent validity was observed through correlations with posttraumatic and depression symptoms and personality measures.

Conclusions:

These preliminary results suggest that the Brazilian PTGI is reliable and showed adequate evidence of validity.

Keywords:
Psychological trauma; stress disorders; posttraumatic; validation studies; psychometrics

Characteristic		n	%
Sex
	Male	104	34.7
	Female	196	65.3
Medication intake		14	4.6
	Antidepressants	5	1.6
	Anxiolytics	2	0.6
	Anticonvulsants	4	1.3
	Antipsychotics	1	0.3
	Stimulants	4	1.3
	Two or more types of medication	3	1
Relationship status
	Single	255	85
	Married	36	12
	Divorced	9	3
Ethnicity/race
	Caucasian	276	92
	Afro-descendent	16	5.3
	Other	8	2.7
Socioeconomic status
	Middle	162	54
	Upper	72	24
	Low	66	22
Age (years), mean (SD)		23.9	6.8
Years of study, mean (SD)		14	2.5

		Factor loadings
Items and factors		I	II	III	IV	V
Factor I: Relating to others (16.9% of variance)
	6 - I more clearly see that I can count on people in times of trouble.	0.62				0.49
	8 - I have a greater sense of closeness with others.	0.68
	9 - I am more willing to express my emotions.	0.71
	15 - I have more compassion for others.	0.56
	16 - I put more effort into my relationships.	0.48
	20 - I learned a great deal about how wonderful people are.	0.62
	21 - I better accept needing others.	0.73
Factor II: New possibilities (16.6% of variance)
	1 - I changed my priorities about what is important in life.		0.51			0.48
	3 - I developed new interests.		0.82
	4 - I have a greater feeling of self-reliance.		0.53	0.44
	7 - I established a new path for my life.		0.82
	11 - I am able to do better things with my life.		0.56
	14 - New opportunities are available which wouldn't have been otherwise.		0.69
	17 - I am more likely to try to change things which need changing.		0.54
Factor III: Personal strength (10.8% of variance)
	10 - I know better that I can handle difficulties.			0.86
	12 - I am better able to accept the way things work out.			0.79
	19 - I discovered that I'm stronger than I thought I was.			0.53
Factor IV: Spiritual change (10.1% of variance)
	5 - I have a better understanding of spiritual matters.				0.82
	18 - I have a stronger religious faith.				0.86
Factor V: Appreciation of life (10.1% of variance)
	2 - I have a greater appreciation for the value of my own life.					0.77
	13 - I can better appreciate each day.					0.62

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1. BDI - Total	–
2. PTGI - Total	0.021	–
3. Extroversion	-0.11^* * 0.05 (1-tailed) and	0.04	–
4. Socialization	-0.19^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.28^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.003	–
5. Conscientiousness	-0.20^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.21^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.04	0.34^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	–
6. Neuroticism	0.64^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.10	-0.15^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.18^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.11^* * 0.05 (1-tailed) and	–
7. Openness to experience	-0.02	0.10	0.15^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.06	-0.04	-0.06	–
8. PTGI - New possibilities	0.14^* * 0.05 (1-tailed) and	0.81^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.07	0.17^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.10	-0.07	0.17^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	–
9. PTGI - Personal strength	-0.12^* * 0.05 (1-tailed) and	0.70^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.006	0.20^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.56^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.16^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.09	0.46^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	–
10. PTGI - Appreciation of life	-0.001	0.71 ^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.01	0.24^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.17^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.06	0.03	0.43^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.48^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	–
11. PTGI - Spiritual change	0.05	0.58^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.09	0.14^* * 0.05 (1-tailed) and	0.19^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.06	0.04	0.36^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.31^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.41^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	–
12. PTGI - Relation to others	0.005	0.87^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.01	0.26^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.22^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	-0.03	0.06	0.60^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.53^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.57^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).	0.42^† † 0.01 (1-tailed).

Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul Av. Ipiranga, 5311/202, 90610-001 Porto Alegre RS/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 51) 3024 4846 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: trends@aprs.org.br

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[1] Correspondence: Christian Haag Kristensen, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 11, Sala 910 90619-900 - Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil Tel.: +55 (51) 33534898 E-mail: christian.kristensen@pucrs.br