Different milling byproduct supplementations in mushroom production compost composed of wheat or rice straw could upgrade the properties of spent mushroom substrate as a feedstuff

Bilik, Berat; Akdağ, Ahmet; Ocak, Nuh

doi:10.1590/1413-7054202448000524

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Agricultural Sciences • Ciênc. agrotec. 48 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202448000524 copy

Different milling byproduct supplementations in mushroom production compost composed of wheat or rice straw could upgrade the properties of spent mushroom substrate as a feedstuff

Diferentes suplementações de subprodutos da moagem no composto de produção de cogumelos composto de palha de trigo ou arroz poderiam melhorar as propriedades do substrato de cogumelo usado como alimento

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Wheat bran (WB), barley flour (BF), rice bran (RB), wheat red dog (WRD) or reduction shorts (WRS) supplementation, as a food supplement (FS, 19%), to mushroom composts having wheat (WS) or rice straw (RS) as basal substrate (BS, 80%) could have contributed to improving the nutritional value and forage quality properties of spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The SMSs from king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) production were evaluated with 2 BS (WS and PS) × 5 FS (WB, BF, RB, WRD, or WRS) factorial arrangement design. The BS × FS interaction significantly affected some of the studied variables (nutrient contents and in vitro true digestibility, relative feed value, and relative forage quality) of the SMSs used to be evaluated as a feedstuff. The BS significantly affected the acid detergent lignin content, digestible dry matter, metabolizable energy, estimated net energy, and total digestible nutrients. In contrast, the FS affected the acid detergent lignin content and net energy lactation value. In conclusion, independent of FS, WS-based SMSs and the BF and WRD supplemented-SMSs independent of BS had higher nutritional value and forage quality properties than other SMSs. Therefore, these SMSs could be exploited post-cultivation as animal feed due to their upgraded properties.

Index terms:
Agricultural wastes; mushroom byproducts; mushroom compost; forage; feed-nutritive value

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[1] *Corresponding author: nuhocak@omu.edu.tr

Compost	pH	Moisture	OM	Ash	C	CP	C/N	MP	BE
WS+BF	6.00	67.60	95.12	4.88	47.56	3.75	97.27	215.5	52.9
WS+WRD	5.92	69.93	95.00	5.19	47.50	5.00	59.38	238.0	65.4
WS+WB	6.51	72.85	95.41	5.43	47.71	4.56	65.36	104.9	28.8
WS+RB	5.82	71.11	94.96	6.04	47.48	5.06	58.62	233.3	61.4
WS+WRS	5.75	68.24	95.47	4.53	47.74	4.75	62.82	236.2	64.9
RS+BF	5.25	74.07	87.78	12.22	43.89	4.44	61.82	199.8	54.9
RS+WRD	5.00	69.65	87.47	12.53	43.74	5.63	48.60	145.6	40.0
RS+WB	5.22	71.46	87.23	12.77	43.62	5.19	52.55	204.9	56.3
RS+RB	5.54	68.54	86.62	13.38	43.31	5.69	47.59	193.0	53.0
RS+WRS	5.67	69.64	88.13	11.87	44.07	5.31	51.85	146.8	40.3

BS	FS	DM	OM	Ash	CP	EE	CC	NFE
	BF	19.76^b	82.41^c	17.58^d	8.00^a	2.53^a	35.70^bcd	36.17^cd
	WRD	12.91ⁱ	86.78^a	13.21^f	7.23^abc	0.26^d	40.82^a	38.46^b
WS	WB	11.36^j	86.63^a	13.36^f	6.47^cd	1.29^b	41.09^a	37.77^b
	RB	19.70^c	86.46^a	13.53^f	6.11^d	1.09^bc	35.91^bcd	43.34^a
	WRS	18.06^f	84.32^b	15.67^e	6.80^cd	0.64^cd	32.17^c	44.69^a
	BF	16.01^g	77.99^f	22.00^a	7.67^ab	2.53^a	34.50^cd	33.29^c
	WRD	14.44^h	78.29^f	21.71^a	7.22^abc	0.17^d	39.37^ab	31.52^d
RS	WB	19.86^a	81.47^d	18.53^c	6.41^cd	0.26^c	34.18^d	40.62^ab
	RB	19.26^e	80.01^e	19.98^b	7.06^bc	0.66^cd	38.47^abc	33.81^c
	WRS	19.46^d	79.96^e	20.03^b	6.47^cd	1.65^b	34.91^cd	36.93^cd
BS
	WS	16.36	85.32	14.67	6.92	1.16	37.14	40.08
	RS	17.80	79.54	20.45	6.96	1.05	36.28	35.23
FS
	BF	17.88	80.20	19.79	7.83	2.53	35.10	34.73
	WRD	13.67	82.53	17.46	7.22	0.21	40.09	34.99
	WB	15.61	84.05	15.94	6.44	0.78	37.63	39.19
	RB	19.48	83.24	16.76	6.58	0.87	37.19	38.57
	WRS	18.76	82.14	17.85	6.64	1.15	33.54	40.81
SEM		0.003	0.043	0.043	0.054	0.057	0.388	0.425
Main effect of
BS		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.698	0.341	0.284	<0.001
FS		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
BS × FS		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.007	<0.001	0.005	<0.001

BS	FS	NDF	ADF	ADL	CEL	HC	NFC
	BF	57.13^e	44.93	29.24	15.68^b	12.20^b	18.75^a
	WRD	70.72^b	46.80	18.57	28.22^a	23.91^a	13.51^c
WS	WB	69.98^bc	45.27	17.58	27.69^a	24.71^a	13.77^b
	RB	66.80^c	45.36	20.73	24.63^a	21.43^a	17.13^ab
	WRS	63.34^d	43.16	14.51	28.65^a	20.18^a	17.96^a
	BF	68.95^bc	48.32	22.14	26.17^a	20.63^a	3.66^e
	WRD	74.23^a	49.55	20.69	28.86^a	24.68^a	1.85^e
RS	WB	71.64^ab	48.05	20.34	27.71^a	23.59^a	8.17^d
	RB	72.28^ab	47.72	19.26	28.45^a	24.56^a	5.07^de
	WRS	75.00^a	49.18	18.67	30.51^a	25.82^a	2.08^e
BS
	WS	65.59	45.10^b	20.13	24.97	20.48	16.22
	RS	72.24	48.56^a	20.22	28.34	23.85	4.16
FS
	BF	63.04	46.62	25.69^a	20.93	16.41	11.20
	WRD	72.47	48.17	19.63^b	28.54	24.29	7.68
	WB	70.81	46.66	18.96^b	27.70	24.15	10.97
	RB	69.54	46.54	20.00^ab	26.54	22.99	11.10
	WRS	69.17	46.17	16.59^b	29.58	23.00	10.02
SEM		0.214	0.292	0.610	0.385	0.392	0.228
Main effect of
BS		<0.001	<0.001	0.940	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
FS		<0.001	0.269	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
BS × FS		<0.001	0.311	0.057	0.002	0.008	<0.001

BS	FS	DMI (% of body weight)	DDM (%)	IVTD (%)	RFV	RFQ
	BF	2.10^a	53.89	42.99^a	87.70^a	87.54^a
	WRD	1.69^c	52.44	34.43^d	68.99^c	67.87^c
WS	WB	1.71^c	53.63	37.87^bc	71.37^cd	71.09^cd
	RB	1.79^bc	53.56	36.20^bcd	74.59^cd	74.23^cd
	WRS	1.89^b	55.27	38.36^bc	81.19^b	82.16^b
	BF	1.74^bc	51.25	33.19^d	69.15^cd	67.13^cd
	WRD	1.61^d	50.29	34.78^cd	63.03^e	60.52^e
RS	WB	1.67^cd	51.46	35.41^bcd	66.83^de	65.04^de
	RB	1.66^cd	51.72	39.82^ab	66.56^de	64.97^de
	WRS	1.60^d	50.58	32.31^d	62.74^e	60.44^e
BS
	WS	1.84	53.76^a	37.97	76.76	76.58
	RS	1.65	51.06^b	35.10	65.66	63.62
FS
	BF	1.92	52.57	38.09	78.42	77.33
	WRD	1.65	51.37	34.60	66.01	64.19
	WB	1.69	52.54	36.64	69.10	68.07
	RB	1.72	52.64	38.01	70.57	69.60
	WRS	1.74	52.93	35.33	71.96	71.30
SEM		0.005	0.228	0.292	0.357	0.520
Main effect of
BS		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
FS		<0.001	0.270	0.003	<0.001	<0.001
BS × FS		<0.001	0.313	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

BS	FS	ME (MJ/kg DM)	NEL (MJ/kg DM)	ENE (MJ/kg DM)	TDN (%)
	BF	7.16	3.02	3.39	51.31
	WRD	6.91	3.57	3.12	49.18
WS	WB	7.11	3.62	3.34	50.92
	RB	7.10	3.46	3.33	50.82
	WRS	7.39	3.78	3.65	53.33
	BF	6.71	3.93	2.90	47.45
	WRD	6.55	3.46	2.72	46.04
RS	WB	6.75	3.48	2.94	47.76
	RB	6.79	3.54	2.99	48.13
	WRS	6.60	3.57	2.77	46.47
BS
	WS	7.13^a	3.49	3.36^b	51.11^a
	RS	6.68^b	3.49	2.86^a	47.17^b
FS
	BF	6.93	3.20^b	3.14	49.38
	WRD	6.73	3.52^a	2.92	47.61
	WB	6.93	3.55^a	3.14	49.34
	RB	6.94	3.50^ab	3.16	49.48
	WRS	6.99	3.67^a	3.21	49.90
SEM		0.039	0.032	0.043	0.034
Main effect of
BS		<0.001	0.967	<0.001	<0.001
FS		0.264	0.002	0.272	0.268
BS × FS		0.308	0.056	0.315	0.313