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Cross-cultural adaptation of the Iranian Voice Quality of Life Profile into Brazilian Portuguese

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To cross-culturally adapt the Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP) into Brazilian Portuguese (BP).

Methods

The cross-cultural adaptation process was performed in five stages: translation of the IVQLP into BP by three native BP experts fluent in American English; preparation of a consensus version; back-translation by a native American English expert fluent in BP; analysis by a committee of five experts and preparation of the final version of the instrument in BP, which was named IVQLP-Br; and pre-testing. The IVQLP-Br aims to assess the impacts of the voice more comprehensively, encompassing various areas of an individual’s life. It has 43 items and a five-level response key. For the pre-test, the alternative “not applicable” was added as a response option. Thirty-six adults with self-reported risk of dysphonia participated in the pre-test.

Results

In the translation stage, ten items were modified, and during the back-translation, 15 items required adjustments. No questions required reformulation after the application of the IVQLP-Br in the target population, because the option “not applicable” appeared in 12 responses without statistical significance.

Conclusion

The version of the IVQLP translated into BP, named the IVQLP-Br, exhibited cross-cultural equivalence and was administrable for a more detailed analysis of the impact of the voice in different domains of an individual’s life. After validation, the IVQLP-Br will be able to contribute both to clinical practice and to research with BP speakers.

Keywords:
Voice; Dysphonia; Protocols; Translation; Speech Pathology; Self-assessment

RESUMO

Objetivo

Traduzir e adaptar de forma transcultural o Iranian Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP) para o português brasileiro (PB).

Método

O processo de adaptação transcultural foi realizado por meio de cinco etapas: tradução do IVQLP para o PB por três especialistas nativos do PB e fluentes no inglês americano; elaboração de uma versão de consenso; retrotradução por um especialista nativo do inglês americano e fluente no PB; análise por um comitê de cinco especialistas e elaboração da versão final do instrumento em PB, denominado IVQLP-Br; e pré-teste. O IVQLP-Br tem o objetivo de avaliar os impactos da voz de uma forma mais abrangente, englobando vários domínios da vida dos indivíduos, apresenta 43 itens e uma chave de respostas de cinco pontos. Para o pré-teste foi acrescida como opção para o respondente a alternativa “não aplicável”. Participaram do pré-teste 36 indivíduos adultos com risco autorrelatado para disfonia.

Resultados

Na etapa de tradução 10 itens foram modificados e na retrotradução, 15 itens necessitaram de ajustes. Nenhum item precisou ser reformulado após a aplicação na população-alvo, pois a opção “não aplicável” apareceu em doze respostas, porém, sem significância estatística.

Conclusão

Conclui-se que a versão traduzida do IVQLP para o PB, denominado IVQLP-Br, apresentou equivalência transcultural e pode ser utilizada para uma análise mais detalhada do impacto da voz nos diferentes domínios da vida dos indivíduos. Após a validação, o IVQLP-Br poderá contribuir tanto para a prática clínica, quanto para pesquisas com falantes do PB.

Descritores:
Voz; Disfonia; Protocolos; Tradução; Fonoaudiologia; Autoavaliação

INTRODUCTION

Any difficulty or deviation in vocal emission that hinders the natural production of the voice can be called dysphonia(11 Behlau M, Pontes P. Avaliação e tratamento das disfonias. São Paulo: Lovise; 1995.). The voice is multidimensional; therefore, dysphonia can impact various aspects of an individual's quality of life, including physical, functional, emotional, or cultural aspects. It can cause limitations in interpersonal communication, stress, and anxiety, as well as social isolation, depending on the degree of vocal and emotional impairment(22 Dehqan A, Yadegari F, Scherer RC, Asgari A, Dabirmoghadam P. Iranian Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP): factor Analysis. J Voice. 2017;31(5):576-82. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.01.001 PMid:28190663.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.01....
).

Due to the importance of the vocal self-perception dimension in dysphonia cases, ASHA recommends five procedures for a multidimensional voice assessment, including the individual's self-evaluation regarding their voice problem(33 Patel RR, Awan SN, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Courey M, Deliyski D, Eadie T, et al. Recommended protocols for instrumental assessment of voice: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Expert Panel to Develop a Protocol for Instrumental Assessment of Vocal Function. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;27(3):887-905. http://doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0009 PMid:29955816.
http://doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-000...
). Furthermore, both physicians and speech-language pathologists in vocal clinics suggest multidimensional assessment to provide a better diagnosis(44 Behlau M, Madazio G, Vaiano T, Pacheco C, Badaró F. Voice evaluation – contribution of the speech-language pathologist voice specialist – SLP-V: part A. History of the problem and vocal behaviour data, self-assessment and auditory perceptual judgement. Hear Balance Commun. 2021;19(5):311-7. http://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2021.2020509.
http://doi.org/10.1080/21695717.2021.202...
). Data from vocal self-assessment cannot be obtained only through analyses performed by the clinician(55 Gasparini G, Behlau M. Quality of life: validation of the Brazilian version of the voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) measure. J Voice. 2009;23(1):76-81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.005 PMid:17628396.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04....
); thus, the self-assessment dimension must be considered. Self-assessment involves individuals evaluating various aspects of a problem using instruments designed for self-perception analysis, where the items correspond to the specific objectives that are being evaluated and are commonly referred to as skills or constructs(66 Almeida LN, Nascimento JA, Behlau M, Roseno AV, Aguiar A, Almeida AA. Processo de validação de instrumentos de autoavaliação da voz no Brasil. Audiol Commun Res. 2021;26:e2364. http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2020-2364.
http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2020-23...
).

The application of vocal self-assessment instruments is an important, quick, and easily applicable strategy to understand the impact of a potential vocal problem from the patient's perspective. The results can help estimate the patient's adherence to treatment(77 Camargo MRMC, Zambon F, Moreti F, Behlau M. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Adapted Borg CR10 for Vocal Effort Ratings. CoDAS. 2019;31(5):e20180112. http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192018112 PMid:31691744.
http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2019201...
) and broaden their perception of their voice problem. These protocols also enable speech-language pathologists to gather a set of valid and reliable measures that can be used alongside other procedures comprising multidimensional voice assessment to observe the patient's progress.

Quality of life is a construct of significant relevance in the field of voice assessment, which can be quantified using self-assessment instruments. It is defined as the individual's perception of their life situation within the context of their culture and values, regarding their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns(88 The WHOQOL Group. The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9. PMid:8560308.). This definition establishes interconnections between the environment and various factors including physical, psychological, level of independence, social relationships, and personal beliefs(99 Fleck MPA. O instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-100): características e perspectivas. Ciênc saúde coletiva. 2000;5(1):33-38.).

Due to the complexity and subjectivity of this concept, the vocal clinic needs instruments that investigate how different aspects of the clinical condition(1010 Higginson IJ, Carr AJ. Measuring quality of life: using quality of life measures in the clinical setting. BMJ. 2001;322(7297):1297-300. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1297 PMid:11375237.
http://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1297...
) may impact the individual's quality of life. In Brazilian Portuguese, there is currently only one validated instrument to analyze the voice-related quality of life, the V-RQOL (Voice-Related Quality of Life)(55 Gasparini G, Behlau M. Quality of life: validation of the Brazilian version of the voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) measure. J Voice. 2009;23(1):76-81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.005 PMid:17628396.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04....
).

A recent development in the field is the instrument known as the Iranian Voice Quality Of Life Profile (IVQLP)(22 Dehqan A, Yadegari F, Scherer RC, Asgari A, Dabirmoghadam P. Iranian Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP): factor Analysis. J Voice. 2017;31(5):576-82. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.01.001 PMid:28190663.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.01....
,1111 Dehqan A, Yadegari F, Asgari A, Scherer RC, Dabirmoghadam P. Development and Validation of an Iranian Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP) Based on a Classic and Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM). J Voice. 2017;31(1):113.e19-29. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.03.018 PMid:27342754.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.03....
). It originates from Iran and consists of 43 items divided into three domains: physical (items 1 to 5), which refers to the individual's difficulty in voice use; emotional (items 6 to 26), which refers to the emotional state resulting from voice use; and functional regarding work, daily communication, and social activities (items 27 to 43), items related to voice use in environments that require more effective communication. The IVQLP is a validated self-assessment protocol that is considered to be more comprehensive in assessing the impact of dysphonia on the patient's quality of life. This facilitates a nuanced understanding of how voice issues affect various aspects of life quality, enhancing both clinical management and scientific research.

The procedures of translation, adaptation, and validation of instruments have been significantly growing in the field of Speech-Language Pathology in Brazil. However, the process must be systemized and follow methodological guidelines. To perform validation, it is essential to go through the previously mentioned stages and to use international guidelines that ensure the effective acquisition of psychometric or clinical metric properties of the test(1212 Pernambuco L, Espelt A, Magalhães HV Jr, Lima KC. Recomendações para elaboração, tradução, adaptação transcultural e processo de validação de testes em Fonoaudiologia. CoDAS. 2017;29(3):e20160217. http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016217 PMid:28614460.
http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2017201...
).

When it comes to applying an instrument in a new language and culture, the literature offers various recommendations. The international recommendations from the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) of Medical Outcome Trust(1313 Aaronson N, Alonso J, Burnam A, Lohr KN, Patrick DL, Perrin E, et al. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(3):193-205. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312 PMid:12074258.
http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312...
) are widely accepted in the voice field. The SAC recommends that cross-cultural adaptation follows stages including translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and pre-testing.

Therefore, for the IVQLP to be used in Brazil, it is necessary to translate and cross-culturally adapt it to Brazilian Portuguese, following the SAC's recommendations. Following this stage, the validation process begins, which also relies on the SAC's attributes: conceptual and measurement model; reliability; validity; interpretability; respondent and administrative demand; alternative forms; and cultural and language adaptations(66 Almeida LN, Nascimento JA, Behlau M, Roseno AV, Aguiar A, Almeida AA. Processo de validação de instrumentos de autoavaliação da voz no Brasil. Audiol Commun Res. 2021;26:e2364. http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2020-2364.
http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2020-23...
).

It is known that other instruments, such as the V-RQOL(55 Gasparini G, Behlau M. Quality of life: validation of the Brazilian version of the voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) measure. J Voice. 2009;23(1):76-81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.005 PMid:17628396.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04....
) and the Vocal Handicap Index – VHI(1414 Costa T, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Validação do Voice Handicap Index: 10 (VHI-10) para o português brasileiro. CoDAS. 2013;25(5):482-5. http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000500013 PMid:24408554.
http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000...
), are widely accepted, validated, and used in many languages. However, these were pioneering protocols, developed earlier and proposed without the scientific rigor now used in modern instruments such as the IVQLP. Moreover, the adaptation process marks the initial phase of this instrument validation, offering speech-language pathologists a novel clinical option. This allows for an expanded analysis, delving into additional dimensions of voice-related impact on quality of life and providing further insights. Consequently, it is essential to undertake a cross-cultural adaptation of the IVQLP into Brazilian Portuguese, followed by its validation. This is crucial as it enables a more comprehensive analysis of the impact of voice across various domains of individuals' lives. This contributes significantly to both clinical practice and research efforts.

Thus, this study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the IVQLP instrument to Brazilian Portuguese.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional observational study. The present research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe / Universidade Federal do Sergipe (CAAE:47463021.9.0000.5546 from 01/10/2021). All participants signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF).

The procedures followed international recommendations from the SAC of Medical Outcome Trust(1313 Aaronson N, Alonso J, Burnam A, Lohr KN, Patrick DL, Perrin E, et al. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(3):193-205. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312 PMid:12074258.
http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312...
). The study steps included translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and pre-testing.

Translation

The IVQLP was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by three Brazilian speech-language pathologists, voice specialists, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, and fluent in American English. The translators were instructed to perform conceptual translation according to the cultural aspects of the target language.

Synthesis

A synthesized version was created based on the translations, considering the consensus among the three versions. Any discrepancies were resolved by the authors.

Back-translation

The synthesized version in Brazilian Portuguese was back-translated by a speech-language pathologist, voice specialist, native speaker of American English, and fluent in Brazilian Portuguese.

Expert Committee Review

Five Brazilian speech-language pathologists, voice specialists, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, and fluent in American English, took part in the expert committee. The committee included professionals who did not participate in the previous stages.

The back-translated version was initially compared to the instrument's original English version to identify possible conceptual inconsistencies. The issues identified were discussed, and modifications were made as necessary, resulting in a final Brazilian Portuguese version.

Pre-testing

The final version of the instrument in Brazilian Portuguese was administered to individuals representing the target population. For the pre-testing, individuals from the target population answered to the final translated and adapted version of the IVQLP in Brazilian Portuguese. This instrument has 43 items and a four-point Likert scale response key, ranging from “none, not a problem” (1) to “a lot” (4). For this pre-testing, the response key included the option “not applicable,” to identify items not understood or not suitable for the target population or the Brazilian culture.

Participants from the pre-testing group were recruited through dissemination on social media and via the institutional email, which contained an invitation to participate in the research along with the participation link. Data collection was conducted online using Google Forms; there was a total of 52 respondents.

For the sample selection, volunteers answered a screening questionnaire with direct questions related to the inclusion and exclusion criteria (Appendix A Appendix A QUESTIONNAIRE Sex: ( ) Male ( ) Female Age: Do you have vocal complaints: ( ) Yes ( ) No Do you have neurological alterations: ( ) Yes ( ) No Do you have cognitive alterations: ( ) Yes ( ) No ), such as the presence of vocal complaints and neurological or cognitive alterations. They also responded to the validated Brazilian Portuguese version of the Vocal Handicap Index (VHI-10)(1414 Costa T, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Validação do Voice Handicap Index: 10 (VHI-10) para o português brasileiro. CoDAS. 2013;25(5):482-5. http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000500013 PMid:24408554.
http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000...
). Participants who reported neurological or cognitive impairments hindering their comprehension of the research items were excluded. The final pre-testing sample included individuals aged from 18 to 60 years old, of Brazilian nationality, and at risk for dysphonia (VHI-10 with a score above the cutoff point of 7.5 points), totaling 36 participants.

The VHI-10 is a self-assessment protocol that evaluates the self-perceived impact of vocal alteration. It has 10 statements and a 5-level response key, ranging from “never” (0) to “always” (4). The instrument yields a single total score, calculated by the simple sum of responses to its items, ranging from 0 (no handicap) to 40 (maximum handicap). The instrument cutoff point is 7.5 points; participants scoring 8 or more points are considered at risk for dysphonia(1414 Costa T, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Validação do Voice Handicap Index: 10 (VHI-10) para o português brasileiro. CoDAS. 2013;25(5):482-5. http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000500013 PMid:24408554.
http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000...
).

The pre-testing data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 software. A comparison was made between the proportion of non-applicable responses and the proportion of individuals who selected standard options in the instrument's response key (responses on the Likert scale from 1 to 4) using the Two-Proportion Z-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

The process of translation, synthesis, back-translation, and expert committee review are presented in Chart 1. Consensus was achieved on 33 items during the translation phase. The items that did not achieve consensus were: 3, 12, 17, 25, 29, 31, 36, 37, 38, and 43. These items were revised by the authors to ensure language clarity and ease the understanding of respondents.

Chart 1
Process of translation, synthesis, back-translation, and expert committee review of the Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP)

Following back-translation, during the expert committee analysis, revisions were required in 15 items: 4, 5, 10, 13, 14, 17, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 38, and 43. The pronoun “eu” (“I” in English) was added to all statements to avoid doubt or interpretation errors. In the original instrument, “Because of my voice” was only included before items 6 and 33. To enhance clarity and prevent misinterpretation, the expert committee included “Por causa da minha voz” (In English “Because of my voice”) at the beginning of items 6 to 43.

Thirty-six adults at risk for vocal disorders participated in the pre-testing. The mean age was 39.39 ± 13.15 years, with 25 women and 11 men. Of these participants, 32 (88.89%) reported vocal complaints, while 4 (11.11%) did not.

During the pre-testing phase, the “not applicable” option was chosen for items 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 18, 32, and 34. However, the proportion of “not applicable” responses was significantly lower compared to the options in the traditional response key for all items (Table 1).

Table 1
Pre-testing analysis for the target population

The final version of the IVQLP, translated and adapted for Brazilian Portuguese, was named IVQLP-Br (Annex A Appendix A QUESTIONNAIRE Sex: ( ) Male ( ) Female Age: Do you have vocal complaints: ( ) Yes ( ) No Do you have neurological alterations: ( ) Yes ( ) No Do you have cognitive alterations: ( ) Yes ( ) No ), consisting of 43 items and a four-level response key.

DISCUSSION

Self-assessment protocols have been widely used in clinical practice in the healthcare field. They serve to understand the impact of a possible vocal problem from the patient's perspective and to help estimate their treatment adherence(22 Dehqan A, Yadegari F, Scherer RC, Asgari A, Dabirmoghadam P. Iranian Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP): factor Analysis. J Voice. 2017;31(5):576-82. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.01.001 PMid:28190663.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.01....
,55 Gasparini G, Behlau M. Quality of life: validation of the Brazilian version of the voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) measure. J Voice. 2009;23(1):76-81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.005 PMid:17628396.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04....
,77 Camargo MRMC, Zambon F, Moreti F, Behlau M. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Adapted Borg CR10 for Vocal Effort Ratings. CoDAS. 2019;31(5):e20180112. http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192018112 PMid:31691744.
http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2019201...
,1111 Dehqan A, Yadegari F, Asgari A, Scherer RC, Dabirmoghadam P. Development and Validation of an Iranian Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP) Based on a Classic and Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM). J Voice. 2017;31(1):113.e19-29. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.03.018 PMid:27342754.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.03....
,1414 Costa T, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Validação do Voice Handicap Index: 10 (VHI-10) para o português brasileiro. CoDAS. 2013;25(5):482-5. http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000500013 PMid:24408554.
http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000...

15 Zambon F, Moreti F, Nanjundeswaran C, Behlau M. Equivalência cultural da versão brasileira do Vocal Fatigue Index – VFI. CoDAS. 2017;29(2):e20150261. http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172015261 PMid:28300936.
http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2017201...
-1616 Behlau M, Oliveira G, Santos LMA, Ricarte A. Validação no Brasil de protocolos de auto-avaliação do impacto de uma disfonia. Pró-Fono Rev Atual Cient. 2009;21(4):326-32. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872009000400011.
http://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872009000...
).

The cross-cultural adaptation of self-assessment instruments aims to ensure their suitability for use in the target population. Through this process, it is possible to address sociocultural differences between cultures and languages, rather than simply translating the instrument. The instrument adaptation and subsequent validation have been extensively employed in the Speech-Language Pathology field to provide instruments with good psychometric properties in Brazilian Portuguese for use in vocal clinics(1515 Zambon F, Moreti F, Nanjundeswaran C, Behlau M. Equivalência cultural da versão brasileira do Vocal Fatigue Index – VFI. CoDAS. 2017;29(2):e20150261. http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172015261 PMid:28300936.
http://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2017201...
,1616 Behlau M, Oliveira G, Santos LMA, Ricarte A. Validação no Brasil de protocolos de auto-avaliação do impacto de uma disfonia. Pró-Fono Rev Atual Cient. 2009;21(4):326-32. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872009000400011.
http://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872009000...
).

The IVQLP is originally an Iranian protocol that has already been used in English. This protocol is regarded as more comprehensive than previously validated instruments in Brazilian Portuguese, likely due to its deeper analysis of a wider range of domains related to voice quality of life. It has items from the physical, emotional, and functional domains; the functional domain is subdivided into three subscales: functional regarding work, daily communication, and social activities. The IVQLP delves into the relationship between voice and emotional well-being, as well as voice and work-related issues, as observed in question 25, which states “por causa da minha voz, eu me sinto incapaz” (in the English version “I feel inefficient”), or question 30, “por causa da minha voz, eu tive problemas para ser promovido no meu trabalho” (in the English version “My job promotion encountered with problem”); thus, the protocol seeks to recognize in-depth the impact of voice on different lives domains, contributing to a therapeutic plan that is tailored-made to the patient's needs. Moreover, it seems to be an interesting instrument to be used in research with Brazilian Portuguese speakers.

For the Brazilian Portuguese translation and cross-cultural adaptation, three speech-language pathologists specializing in voice and fluent English conducted the translations of the instrument. Subsequently, a synthesis version was developed, and the authors resolved any discrepancies. Following this, a back-translation was conducted, during which the expert committee adjusted 15 items and added the phrase “Por causa da minha voz” (In English, free translation, “Because of my voice”) before questions 6 to 43 to clarify statements and avoid doubts or misinterpretations.

In the pre-testing phase, the “not applicable” option was selected twelve times, with 2 occurrences each in items 4 and 6, and one occurrence each in items 5, 7, 12, 13, 14, 18, 32, and 34. However, these numbers did not show a significantly higher proportion compared to the options in the traditional response key for any of the instrument items; therefore, no questions needed modification. Overall, the target population understood the 43 items and found them applicable in Brazilian Portuguese.

Thus, it was possible to produce a cross-culturally adapted version for Brazilian Portuguese of the IVQLP(1010 Higginson IJ, Carr AJ. Measuring quality of life: using quality of life measures in the clinical setting. BMJ. 2001;322(7297):1297-300. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1297 PMid:11375237.
http://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1297...
,1111 Dehqan A, Yadegari F, Asgari A, Scherer RC, Dabirmoghadam P. Development and Validation of an Iranian Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP) Based on a Classic and Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM). J Voice. 2017;31(1):113.e19-29. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.03.018 PMid:27342754.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.03....
), named IVQLP-Br. We believe that this instrument can contribute to the vocal clinic, providing useful information for case management. Although this protocol is longer than other questionnaires available for vocal clinics, such as the VHI(1414 Costa T, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Validação do Voice Handicap Index: 10 (VHI-10) para o português brasileiro. CoDAS. 2013;25(5):482-5. http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000500013 PMid:24408554.
http://doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000...
) and V-RQOL(55 Gasparini G, Behlau M. Quality of life: validation of the Brazilian version of the voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) measure. J Voice. 2009;23(1):76-81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.005 PMid:17628396.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04....
), it offers a more extensive scope compared to the V-RQOL, which stands alone in addressing the concept of quality of life up to now. However, the present study only focused on cross-cultural adaptation; hence, further research is needed to validate the instrument, demonstrating its psychometric properties and confirming that IVQLP-Br is valid, reliable, and has good diagnostic accuracy in Brazilian Portuguese.

CONCLUSION

The Brazilian Portuguese translated version of the IVQLP referred to as IVQLP-Br, has shown cross-cultural equivalence. Once all validation steps are finalized, it will serve for a deeper examination of the voice impact across various aspects of individuals' lives. This will significantly contribute to both clinical practice and research involving Brazilian Portuguese speakers.

Appendix A QUESTIONNAIRE

Sex: ( ) Male ( ) Female

Age:

Do you have vocal complaints: ( ) Yes ( ) No

Do you have neurological alterations: ( ) Yes ( ) No

Do you have cognitive alterations: ( ) Yes ( ) No

Annex A. Perfil de qualidade de vida relacionado à voz (IVQLP-Br)

Responda às seguintes perguntas dependendo do tamanho do seu problema. Use a seguinte escala:

1 = nenhum, não é um problema

2 = é um problema pequeno

3 = é um problema moderado

4 = é um problema grande

1. Eu tenho problemas para falar muito ao telefone 1 2 3 4
2. Eu tenho problemas para falar alto 1 2 3 4
3. Eu tenho dor de cabeça quando eu falo 1 2 3 4
4. Eu tenho problemas para manter a minha voz quando eu falo 1 2 3 4
5. A minha voz às vezes está boa e às vezes ruim 1 2 3 4
6. Por causa da minha voz, eu fico nervoso (a) 1 2 3 4
7. Por causa da minha voz, eu sinto que incomodo os outros 1 2 3 4
8. Por causa da minha voz, eu tenho dificuldades para fazer amigos 1 2 3 4
9. Por causa da minha voz, eu perdi a autoconfiança 1 2 3 4
10. Por causa da minha voz, eu tenho problemas para expressar quem eu sou 1 2 3 4
11. Por causa da minha voz, eu tenho problemas para expressar minhas ideias 1 2 3 4
12. Por causa da minha voz, eu fico com vergonha 1 2 3 4
13. Por causa da minha voz, eu perco a calma 1 2 3 4
14. Por causa da minha voz, eu sou ridicularizado (a) 1 2 3 4
15. Por causa da minha voz, eu me sinto rejeitado (a) e sozinho (a) 1 2 3 4
16. Por causa da minha voz, eu me sinto frustrado (a) 1 2 3 4
17. Por causa da minha voz, eu evito responder aos outros 1 2 3 4
18. Por causa da minha voz, eu me sinto ansioso (a) 1 2 3 4
19. Por causa da minha voz, eu não tenho esperança no futuro 1 2 3 4
20. Por causa da minha voz, eu congelo quando falo 1 2 3 4
21. Por causa da minha voz, eu me sinto humilhado (a) 1 2 3 4
22. Por causa da minha voz, eu me sinto deprimido (a) 1 2 3 4
23. Por causa da minha voz, eu estou mais agressivo (a) 1 2 3 4
24. Por causa da minha voz, eu estou mais frágil 1 2 3 4
25. Por causa da minha voz, eu me sinto incapaz 1 2 3 4
26. Por causa da minha voz, eu sinto que os outros não levam as minhas opiniões a sério 1 2 3 4
27. Por causa da minha voz, meu desempenho no trabalho foi prejudicado 1 2 3 4
28. Por causa da minha voz, eu perdi meu trabalho 1 2 3 4
29. Por causa da minha voz, eu estou ganhando menos e tenho problemas financeiros 1 2 3 4
30. Por causa da minha voz, eu tive problemas para ser promovido no meu trabalho 1 2 3 4
31. Por causa da minha voz, eu perdi oportunidades no meu trabalho 1 2 3 4
32. Por causa da minha voz, eu fui rebaixado (a) no meu trabalho 1 2 3 4
33. Por causa da minha voz, eu tenho problemas em me comunicar 1 2 3 4
34. Por causa da minha voz, eu evito falar sempre que possível 1 2 3 4
35. Por causa da minha voz, eu sou mal interpretado (a) pelos outros 1 2 3 4
36. Por causa da minha voz, os outros têm dificuldades em entender o que eu falo 1 2 3 4
37. Por causa da minha voz, eu evito fazer perguntas em várias situações 1 2 3 4
38. Por causa da minha voz, as pessoas pedem para eu falar mais alto 1 2 3 4
39. Por causa da minha voz, as pessoas pedem para eu falar mais claro 1 2 3 4
40. Por causa da minha voz, eu tenho dificuldades de falar em locais barulhentos 1 2 3 4
41. Por causa da minha voz, eu tenho problemas para participar de atividades sociais 1 2 3 4
42. Por causa da minha voz, eu evito falar em público 1 2 3 4
43. Por causa da minha voz, eu participo menos das decisões familiares 1 2 3 4
  • Study conducted at Centro de Estudos da Voz – CEV - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
  • Financial support: nothing to declare.

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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    31 May 2024
  • Date of issue
    2024

History

  • Received
    06 Feb 2023
  • Accepted
    07 Aug 2023
Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia Al. Jaú, 684, 7º andar, 01420-002 São Paulo - SP Brasil, Tel./Fax 55 11 - 3873-4211 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@codas.org.br